上海市浦东新区一线卫生监督执法人员岗位胜任力研究

目的了解上海市浦东新区一线卫生监督执法人员岗位胜任力要素,构建上海市浦东新区一线卫生监督执法人员岗位胜任力模型。方法 2019年1—3月,运用文献研究法提炼卫生监督岗位胜任力要素,在此基础上编制调查问卷,对上海市浦东新区一线卫生监督执法人员岗位胜任力情况进行问卷调查,运用探索性因子分析法提取公共因子,初步构建上海市浦东新区一线卫生监督执法人员岗位胜任力模型。结果共提取出30个条目组成的5个公共因子,分别为知识与应用能力、个人特质、现场执法能力、学习创新能力及身体心理素质,累计方差贡献率为77.048%。结论上海市浦东新区卫生监督一线执法人员岗位胜任力模型,具有科学性与可操作性,可用于一线卫生监督执法人员的绩效考核与培训。     

胜任力模型及素质测评在卫生监督人力资源管理中的应用

作者简要论述了胜任力模型及素质测评体系在卫生监督人力资源管理中的应用表现为：（1）对卫生监督人员素质进行测评,从知识、技能、心理和行为等方面全面衡量卫生监督人员素质水平;（2）对卫生监督人员工作胜任情况进行科学评价,通过评价掌握工作需求与人员胜任素质之间的能力差异,有针对性的采取有效措施;（3）基于胜任力模型进行卫生监督人员培训体系设计、卫生监督人员执法行为干预、卫生监督人才管理、卫生监督人员团队建设、卫生监督机构文化建设。     

胜任力模型下医院行政人员招聘体系优化研究△

目的：分析医院行政人员应具备的胜任力要素能力,优化行政人员招聘体系。方法：以胜任力冰山模型和洋葱模型为理论基础,采取专家咨询法和问卷调查法,以某三甲医院不同行政人员为调查对象,建立行政人员胜任力素质模型。结果：构建以专业素质、工作技能、社会能力、个人特质5个维度的27项胜任力要素,并与招聘体系的各个环节相结合,提高招聘的科学性。结论：胜任力模型下的医院行政人员招聘体系让医院选人有依据、工作实施有保障、人才培养有目标、招聘效果有评估。     

基于探索性因子分析的县级疾控卫生应急人员胜任力模型的构建

目的了解县级疾控机构卫生应急人员胜任能力要素并构建胜任力模型。方法通过文献研究和专家咨询法筛选县级疾控卫生应急人员岗位胜任力的特征条目,编制胜任力调查问卷;对潍坊市14个县级疾控机构全部122名卫生应急人员进行问卷调查,收集胜任力模型的数据;运用探索性因子分析提取公因子,构建县级疾控机构卫生应急人员胜任力模型。结果共回收有效问卷122份,43个条目中在诚信、责任心、风险意识、以人为本、提升自我、自律等条目得分最高,分别为3.99、3.89、3.86、3.86、3.86、3.85;共提取4个特征值大于1的公因子分别命名为个人特征、基础知识、应急知识理念、应急技能,累计解释数据方差总变异的74.25%。结论以个人特征、基础知识、应急知识理念、应急技能等4个维度构建的县级疾控机构卫生应急人员胜任力模型具有较好的适用性,为监测评价县级疾控卫生应急人员工作能力提供一个新的平台,为有针对性的开展卫生应急人员的选拔、培训提供理论依据。     

基于胜任力模型的高校附属医院科主任选拔

目的：构建高校附属医院科主任胜任力模型,探索胜任力理论在医院科主任选拔任用中的可行性。方法：以行为事件访谈法、问卷调查法、专家咨询法等方法为主,文献复习法为辅。结果：构建了高校附属医院科主任胜任力模型,包括知识特征、管理特征、文化素质、个人特质、成就导向5大特征群及22个子胜任特征。结论：胜任力理论研究具有理论意义和现实意义,可以运用到医院科主任选拔任用中,有助于建立科学的高层次卫生专业技术人才评价标准与测评模式,优化科主任选拔任用流程。     

卫生信息人才岗位胜任力模型构建研究

目的分析我国卫生信息人才的岗位胜任力情况,构建卫生信息人才岗位胜任力模型。方法采用文献分析法、专家咨询法和行为事件访谈法收集和筛选卫生信息人才岗位胜任力特征,根据胜任力特征编制胜任力重要性调查问卷,对调查问卷进行探索性因子分析,并对因子进行命名,构建卫生信息人才岗位胜任力模型。结果最终确定模型包括3个层次,6个维度及16个条目(中心层:"职业精神";次外层:"社交能力"、"学习创新能力";最外层:"业务能力"、"计算机技术"及"学科基础知识"),每项二级条目由5个等级的具体行为描述构成。结论构建的卫生信息人才岗位胜任力模型概括了对卫生信息人才的能力要求,能够为提高卫生信息人才岗位胜任力提供科学依据。     

我国卫生领域胜任力研究综述

胜任力是一种新兴素质观,强调与工作岗位相关且能产生优秀绩效的个体特征。对我国卫生领域胜任力相关研究进行梳理分析,发现其研究内容主要围绕各类卫生人才胜任力模型的构建而展开;研究对象始于四类卫生机构管理者,集中于医院院长与护士并向卫生技术人员延伸;研究方法聚焦于行为事件访谈法、问卷法及统计分析法。同时针对当前卫生领域胜任力研究存在的主要问题提出了相应建议：统一对胜任力概念的认识、强化对模型的实证研究与应用、提升研究的系统性以及加强组织层面胜任力研究。     

胜任力理论在医院人员招聘中的应用探析

目的：探索胜任力理论在医院人员招聘中的可行性,为优化医院人员招聘提供理论参考。方法：针对存在的问题,将胜任力理论应用于医院人员招聘工作实践。结果：构建了以胜任力理论为基础的医院人员招聘结构和医院卫技人员胜任力模型。结论：胜任力理论在医院人员招聘中的应用,有助于建立符合发展需要的卫生人才胜任力评价标准与测评模式,优化医院招聘流程。     

卫生健康经济管理人员胜任力研究综述*

文章聚焦卫生健康人员胜任力这一主题,通过收集、整理、归纳国内外人员胜任力模型、卫生健康人员胜任力和卫生健康经济管理人员胜任力的相关研究,剖析其特点与内容侧重,总结当前该主题下的各项研究存在的局限性,为后续研究的开展提供资料参考与借鉴     

卫生检验与检疫专业人员岗位胜任力评价指标体系的构建

目的 构建科学、有效的卫生检验与检疫专业人员岗位胜任力评价指标体系,为卫生检验与检疫专业人员岗前培训提供参考。方法 通过文献分析、理论研究、现场访谈的方法初步构建卫生检验与检疫专业人员岗位胜任力评价指标体系,选取18位专家采用Delphi专家咨询法进行两轮的问卷咨询确定卫生检验与检疫专业人员岗位胜任力评价指标体系,用AHP层次分析法确定指标权重。结果 两轮专家咨询的问卷回收率均为100%,计算得专家权威系数为0.865,两轮调查专家意见的协调度分别为0.310和0.280。最终确定了一级指标6项,二级指标49项。一级指标医学基础知识、预防医学知识、卫生检验与检疫知识、实践技能、个人能力、综合素质的权重分别为0.1272、0.1655、0.2134、0.1530、0.1482、0.1927。结论 初步形成了卫生检验与检疫专业人员岗位胜任力评价指标体系,此体系构建较可靠,可为卫生检验与检疫专业人员的培训与考核提供科学依据。     

浅析卫生监督人员素质测评指标体系的构建

目的构建适合卫生监督人员素质测评指标体系。方法采用分层抽样方法选取样本,通过问卷调查和卫生监督专家多重论证相结合的方法构建素质测评指标体系。结果我国卫生监督人员素质测评指标体系分为5个维度、10个一级指标、18个二级指标。结论目前我国卫生监督人员测评指标体系可以反映出卫生监督人员的客观素质,能够识别卫生监督人员的素质差异。     

二级医院护士长胜任力分布现状:基于潜在类别模型的分析

利用潜在类别模型分析技术对二级医院护士长胜任力分布进行探讨,发现3-class模型能够较好地解释护士长胜任力潜在类别。探测到的三个类别分别为"个体能力驱动型","团队能力驱动型"和"能力认知缺乏型",当前二级医院护士长多为"个体能力驱动型"。通过对二级医院胜任力的分布现状进行研究,可以有效的了解二级医院护士长的胜任力水平,并制定有针对性的培养发展方式,逐步提高我国二级医院护士长的岗位胜任力水平。     

重症监护病房护士工作态度和能力水平的评价研究

目的：了解重症监护病房（ICU）护士的工作态度和能力水平现状,为管理者对其进行管理和培养提供依据。方法：通过整群抽样调查406名ICU护士,采用因子分析萃取因素,根据因子分析结果建立评价模型,对ICU护士的态度和能力水平进行模糊综合评判。结果：评价模型在科研能力上的权重最大。ICU护士的态度和能力总得分为3.46分,其中＂态度＂和＂临床实践能力＂得分最高;＂科研能力＂和＂咨询能力＂得分最低。结论：ICU护士的专业态度尚可,但能力水平有待进一步提升。     

性格类型与领导力:对274名县卫生局长的调查结果

目的:了解县卫生局长的领导力现状及主要性格类型,同时进一步探讨性格类型对领导力的影响。方法:以全国29个省(区、市)的274名县卫生局长为样本施测领导力测验及人格类型量表(MBTI)性格类型测验,采用多元线性逐步回归分析影响县卫生局长领导力的性格因素。结果:县卫生局长的领导力水平处于平均线之下,其主导性格类型为"外向(E)—感觉(S)—思考(T)—判断(J)"(ESTJ)型,同时明确了性格类型中的直觉型—感觉型(N-S)变量是影响领导力水平的显著性因素。     

A critical evaluation of the validity and the reliability of global competency constructs for supervisor assessment of junior medical trainees

Supervisor assessments are critical for both formative and summative assessment in the workplace. Supervisor ratings remain an important source of such assessment in many educational jurisdictions even though there is ambiguity about their validity and reliability. The aims of this evaluation is to explore the: (1) construct validity of ward-based supervisor competency assessments; (2) reliability of supervisors for observing any overarching domain constructs identified (factors); (3) stability of factors across subgroups of contexts, supervisors and trainees; and (4) position of the observations compared to the established literature. Evaluated assessments were all those used to judge intern (trainee) suitability to become an unconditionally registered medical practitioner in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia in 2007–2008. Initial construct identification is by traditional exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using Principal component analysis with Varimax rotation. Factor stability is explored by EFA of subgroups by different contexts such as hospital type, and different types of supervisors and trainees. The unit of analysis is each assessment, and includes all available assessments without aggregation of any scores to obtain the factors. Reliability of identified constructs is by variance components analysis of the summed trainee scores for each factor and the number of assessments needed to provide an acceptably reliable assessment using the construct, the reliability unit of analysis being the score for each factor for every assessment. For the 374 assessments from 74 trainees and 73 supervisors, the EFA resulted in 3 factors identified from the scree plot, accounting for only 68 % of the variance with factor 1 having features of a “general professional job performance” competency (eigenvalue 7.630; variance 54.5 %); factor 2 “clinical skills” (eigenvalue 1.036; variance 7.4 %); and factor 3 “professional and personal” competency (eigenvalue 0.867; variance 6.2 %). The percent trainee score variance for the summed competency item scores for factors 1, 2 and 3 were 40.4, 27.4 and 22.9 % respectively. The number of assessments needed to give a reliability coefficient of 0.80 was 6, 11 and 13 respectively. The factor structure remained stable for subgroups of female trainees, Australian graduate trainees, the central hospital, surgeons, staff specialist, visiting medical officers and the separation into single years. Physicians as supervisors, male trainees, and male supervisors all had a different grouping of items within 3 factors which all had competency items that collapsed into the predefined “face value” constructs of competence. These observations add new insights compared to the established literature. For the setting, most supervisors appear to be assessing a dominant construct domain which is similar to a general professional job performance competency. This global construct consists of individual competency items that supervisors spontaneously align and has acceptable assessment reliability. However, factor structure instability between different populations of supervisors and trainees means that subpopulations of trainees may be assessed differently and that some subpopulations of supervisors are assessing the same trainees with different constructs than other supervisors. The lack of competency criterion standardisation of supervisors’ assessments brings into question the validity of this assessment method as currently used.     

昆山市卫生监督人员教育培训情况分析

目的:了解昆山市卫生监督机构人员教育和培训的现状。方法:设计卫生监督机构人员调查表,对2006~2012年昆山市卫生监督机构从业人员教育和培训情况进行调查。结果:昆山市卫生监督人员人均培训31.91学时/年,其中2011年人均培训最多,为54.33学时;在培训内容上,综合性培训和法律法规知识等执法基础培训学时数最多,分别占49.03%和28.92%;培训形式以本单位培训为主,培训人次和培训学时分别占87.69%和48.81%。结论:2006~2012年昆山市卫生监督人员培训力度不断加强,培训学时呈逐年递增趋势。培训内容和形式灵活多样,全面提升监督员综合素质。建议进一步加大卫生监督人员培训力度,增加专业知识培训学时数,全面提高卫生监督员执法能力和综合素质水平。     

Supervisor assessment of clinical and professional competence of medical trainees: a reliability study using workplace data and a focused analytical literature review

Even though rater-based judgements of clinical competence are widely used, they are context sensitive and vary between individuals and institutions. To deal adequately with rater-judgement unreliability, evaluating the reliability of workplace rater-based assessments in the local context is essential. Using such an approach, the primary intention of this study was to identify the trainee score variation around supervisor ratings, identify sampling number needs of workplace assessments for certification of competence and position the findings within the known literature. This reliability study of workplace-based supervisors’ assessments of trainees has a rater-nested-within-trainee design. Score variation attributable to the trainee for each competency item assessed (variance component) were estimated by the minimum-norm quadratic unbiased estimator. Score variance was used to estimate the number needed for a reliability value of 0.80. The trainee score variance for each of 14 competency items varied between 2.3% for emergency skills to 35.6% for communication skills, with an average for all competency items of 20.3%; the “Overall rating” competency item trainee variance was 28.8%. These variance components translated into 169, 7, 17 and 28 assessments needed for a reliability of 0.80, respectively. Most variation in assessment scores was due to measurement error, ranging from 97.7% for emergency skills to 63.4% for communication skills. Similar results have been demonstrated in previously published studies. In summary, overall supervisors’ workplace based assessments have poor reliability and are not suitable for use in certification processes in their current form. The marked variation in the supervisors’ reliability in assessing different competencies indicates that supervisors may be able to assess some with acceptable reproducibility; in this case communication and possibly overall competence. However, any continued use of this format for assessment of trainee competencies necessitates the identification of what supervisors in different institutions can reliably assess rather than continuing to impose false expectations from unreliable assessments.     

乡镇卫生院护士岗位胜任力模型构建研究

目的构建乡镇卫生院护士胜任力模型,为基层医疗卫生机构护士的培训、选拔和考核提供标准。方法通过工作任务调查表对乡镇卫生院115名护士进行工作分析,在此基础上,运用探索性因素分析对胜任力核检表的调查结果进行统计。结合专家咨询,构建护士胜任力模型。结果乡镇卫生院护士胜任特征5大特征群共15项。分别为专业素养、服务特征、协作能力和个人特征与成就特征。     

Glimpsing undergraduate research from the view of the advisors of Nursing scholarships

This research aimed at understanding the meaning of undergraduate research for supervisors of Nursing scholarship students in a university in the South of Brazil. The methodological reference used was the Grounded Theory, by the means of interviews with seven undergraduate research scholarship advisors forming two sample groups. The phenomenon "glimpsing undergraduate research activities of research groups coordinated by nursing advisors, the basis of competency formation in research of the scholarships" emerged form the interrelation of six categories. To be a advisor and researcher of human resources in research form undergraduation requires pedagogical, instrumental, and managerial competencies associated to research policies of nursing and health.     

军队疗养院领导胜任特征模型的建立

目的：构建军队疗养院领导胜任特征模型,为领导力的开发和培养提供指导。方法：根据文献回顾和专家评判,共挑选出26项指标构成胜任特征调查问卷;根据对157名调查者评议结果,选取能区分优秀领导绩效和一般领导绩效的心理品质构成军队疗养院领导胜任特征模型。结果：采用验证性因子分析对胜任特征调查结果进行维度分析,最后确定了包括事业心、创新能力、发展下属、团队意识等15项心理品质,从管理理念、个体发展和能力三个维度,构建了军队疗养院领导胜任特征模型。结论：该胜任特征模型评价结果在优秀绩效和一般绩效领导者之间有明显差异,可用来指导军队疗养院领导能力的培养,也可作为领导力评价的工具。