胸椎黄韧带骨化的外科治疗及其疗效分析

目的:根据CT分型分别采取不同手术方法治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化合并脊髓病,并探讨其疗效。方法:对2001年1月至2010年6月收治的胸椎黄韧带骨化合并脊髓病30例患者进行回顾性分析,男22例,女8例;年龄37～68岁,平均52.8岁;病程2个月～6年。单节段孤立性黄韧带骨化11例;多节段黄韧带骨化19例,其中2例合并颈椎黄韧带骨化,1例合并后纵韧带骨化。上胸段(T1,2-T4,5)5例,中胸段(T5,6-T8,9)7例,下胸段(T9,10-T11,12)12例,上中胸段联合2例,中下胸段联合4例。根据骨化节段CT表现将其分为两种类型:单纯型18个节段,骨化黄韧带单侧,骨化较薄或双侧均较薄,未融合;复杂型42个节段,骨化黄韧带弥漫性融合,或呈结节型。21例表现为上运动神经元瘫,9例表现为上下运动神经元混合瘫;括约肌功能障碍26例,JOA括约肌功能评分为1.97±0.56。改良JOA下肢运动功能评分为1.20±0.76。单纯型行"揭盖法"切除,复杂型行"薄化法"切除。对于减压范围较大者减压后行内固定、后外侧植骨融合。结果:减压2～6个椎板,平均3.1个。3例出现脑脊液漏,1例出现切口处血肿。全部病例获随访,时间12～96个月,平均26个月。22例束带感均消失;28例感觉障碍及下肢麻木、疼痛者中,完全恢复18例,部分恢复10例。术后括约肌功能JOA评分为2.73±0.45,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后JOA下肢运动功能评分为3.57±0.77,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),改善率平均为86.1%,优24例,良3例,可2例,差1例。结论:根据不同CT分型采取不同手术方式治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化能提高手术安全性,降低风险。     

经根黄通道八边形游离整块切除胸椎上关节突及骨化黄韧带

目的:探讨经根黄通道应用八边形游离整块切除胸椎上关节突及骨化黄韧带法治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化合并脊髓病的疗效.方法:2002年1月～2007年1月共收治胸椎黄韧带骨化合并脊髓病患者90例,男58例,女32例:年龄32～79岁.平均54.2岁.患者术前主要存在感觉障碍和下肢疼痛、麻木83例,束带感69例,括约肌功能障碍53例.以CT仿真内窥镜及三维同步定位像观察椎管内的骨化黄韧带及其毗邻关系结构.采用经根黄通道八边形游离整块切除胸椎上关节突及骨化黄韧带.用JOA括约肌功能评分和下肢运动功能评分以及运动功能恢复率评估疗效.结果:CT三维重建下,90例患者均见根黄通道的存在.手术均取得成功,手术时间2.7±0.8h,出血量260±120ml.85例术后症状立即缓解,无术后加重期.5例发生脑脊液漏,经对症处理后痊愈.病例随访13～38个月,平均23.2个月.83例感觉障碍及下肢麻木疼痛者完全恢复66例,部分恢复17例.69例束带感者恢复67例.术后括约肌功能JOA评分为2.55±0.34分,与术前(2.27±0.54分)比较差异有显著性(P<0.01):术后运动JOA评分为3.68±0.43分,与术前(1.53±0.86分)比较差异有显著性(P<.01).恢复率平均为86.48%.疗效优良率为95.56%.结论:经根黄通道八边形游离整块切除胸椎上关节突及骨化黄韧带减压充分、相对安全和简便.     

双开门式全椎板切除法治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化症

目的：介绍双开门式全椎板切除法治疗黄韧带骨化症的手术方法并探讨其疗效。方法：2002年1月～2006年7月，对34例胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者采用后路双开门式全椎板切除法完成椎管减压手术治疗，男19例，女15例，年龄42～73岁；单节段5例，双节段10例，3节段9例，4节段7例，5节段2例，6节段1例。术后根据JOA括约肌功能评分和下肢运动功能评分以及运动功能恢复率评估疗效。结果：34例患者均顺利完成手术，术后29例患者症状立即缓解，5例2～14d后逐渐缓解，无症状加重者；2例发生脑脊液漏，经对症处理后痊愈；其余32例无并发症发生。术后2周，11例括约肌功能障碍者JOA评分为2．45&#177;0．69分，和术前（1．09&#177;0．83分）比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；下肢运动功能JOA评分为3．26&#177;0．86分，和术前（1．41&#177;0．74分）比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01），运动功能恢复率85．3％，疗效优良率91.2％。25例获得7个月-4年（平均23．6个月）随访，末次随访时下肢运动功能JOA评分为3．30&#177;0．67分。结论：双开门式全椎板切除法是一种安全有效的手术方法，适用于需要全椎板减压的胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者。     

利用根黄通道减压治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化合并脊髓病

目的描述骨化黄韧带的形态及根黄通道的结构,探讨利用根黄通道后壁减压治疗黄韧带骨化合并胸椎脊髓病的可行性。方法2002年1月至2006年1月手术治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化合并脊髓病74例,男45例,女29例;年龄31~73岁,平均51.9岁。所有患者以CT仿真内窥镜及三维同步定位像观察椎管内骨化黄韧带的形态,确定根黄通道的结构、测量根黄通道的最小横径。采用层揭薄化法,将减压器械伸入到根黄通道内游离、孤立骨化组织进行减压。用JOA括约肌功能评分和下肢运动功能评分以及运动功能恢复率评估疗效。结果CT三维重建下,骨化黄韧带呈"独轮车"样结构。"车体"的终止部和"车柄"分别形成上、下根黄通道的上壁;根黄通道的两侧壁分别为骨化黄韧带和椎弓根;外口为椎间孔,内口与椎管相通。下根黄通道最狭窄处宽度为(1.9±0.93)mm。术中见根黄通道的下壁被硬膜封闭,通道内无硬膜填充。全部病例随访时间3~24个月,平均12.5个月。感觉障碍及下肢麻木疼痛完全恢复56例,部分恢复15例。术后括约肌功能JOA评分为(2.599±0.493)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=17.19,P<0.01);术后运动JOA评分为(3.716±0.702)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=21.84,P<0.01),恢复率平均为89.7%。疗效优良率为95.9%。结论上、下根黄通道上壁是骨化黄韧带组织与生理骨性结构间的连接点。根黄通道内空虚,器械进入根黄通道切断其上壁,孤立、游离骨化组织是相对安全、便捷的减压方法。     

层揭薄化法减压治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化并存脊髓病的护理

目的 探讨层揭薄化法减压治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化并存脊髓病的护理方法.方法 对41例患者行层揭薄化法减压治疗,做好术前准备、心理护理,术后严密观察生命体征、双下肢感觉运动变化、切口引流情况,预防下肢深静脉血栓形成、脑脊液漏等并发症,给予康复训练指导.结果 本组40例患者术后症状立即缓解,仅有1例并发脑脊液漏.结论 层揭薄化法减压是治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化并存脊髓病的有效手段,有效的护理干预可保证手术成功.     

中药酒浴促进脑卒中偏瘫患者康复的效果观察

目的探讨层揭薄化法减压治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化并存脊髓病的护理方法。方法对41例患者行层揭薄化法减压治疗，做好术前准备、心理护理，术后严密观察生命体征、双下肢感觉运动变化、切口引流情况，预防下肢深静脉血栓形成、脑脊液漏等并发症，给予康复训练指导。结果本组40例患者术后症状立即缓解，仅有1例并发脑脊液漏。结论层揭薄化法减压是治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化并存脊髓病的有效手段，有效的护理干预可保证手术成功。     

椎板薄化分解揭盖法治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化合并脊髓病

目的 探讨椎板薄化分解揭盖法治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化合并脊髓病的疗效.方法 1999年1月至2009年1月,采用椎板薄化分解揭盖减压、植骨融合术治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化合并脊髓病患者126例,男73例,女53例;年龄35～71岁,平均50.2岁.压迫位于上胸段28例,中胸段32例,下胸段66例.采用改良日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)下肢运动功能评分、括约肌功能评分以及参照Epstein和Schwall标准评估疗效.摄胸椎正、侧位X线片,行CT及MRI扫描,观察植骨融合情况.结果 116例患者获得随访,随访时间12～96个月,平均49.5个月.术前括约肌功能JOA评分为(1.981±0.543)分,术后为(2.654±0.413)分;术前下肢运动功能JOA评分为(1.196±0.964)分,术后为(3.720±0.709)分;术前及术后比较差异均有统计学意义.按Epstein和Schwall评分标准,优73例,良31例,可9例,差3例;优良率89.7%.术后6例发生脊髓损伤,给予营养神经药物治疗后好转;5例发生脑脊液漏,给予床尾抬高30°,行保守治疗治愈;2例发生切口浅表感染,给予换药处理后愈合.术后6个月111例患者植骨融合;末次随访时,所有患者植骨均获得骨性融合.结论 椎板薄化分解揭盖法对脊髓侵袭小,手术安全性可靠,疗效确切.     

椎板薄化分解揭盖法治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化合并脊髓病

目的：探讨椎板薄化分解揭盖法治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化合并脊髓病的疗效。方法：1999年1月至2009年1月采用椎板薄化分解揭盖减压、植骨融合术治疗胸椎黄韧带骨化合并脊髓病患者126例,男73例,女53例,年龄35～71岁,平均50．2岁。压迫位于上胸段28例,中胸段32例,下胸段66例。采用改良日本骨科协会（JapaneseOrthopaedicAssociation,JOA）下肢运动功能评分、括约肌功能评分以及参照Epstein和Schwall标准评估疗效。摄胸椎正尧侧位X线片,行CT及MRI扫描,观察植骨融合情况。结果：116例患者获得随访,随访时间12—96个月,平均49．5个月。术前括约肌功能JOA评分为（1．981-0．543）分;术后为（2．654-0．413）分;术前下肢运动功能JOA评分为（1．196-0．964）分,术后为（3．720-0．709）分;术前及术后比较差异均有统计学意义。按Epstein和Schwall评分标准,优73例,良31例,可9例,差3例;优良率89．7％。术后6例发生脊髓损伤,给予营养神经药物治疗后好转。5例发生脑脊液漏,给予床尾抬高30。,行保守治疗治愈。2例发生切口浅表感染,给予换药处理后愈合。术后6个月111例患者植骨融合。末次随访时所有患者植骨均获得骨性融合。结论：椎板薄化分解揭盖法对脊髓侵袭小,手术安全性可靠,疗效确切。     

胸椎后路椎体－后纵韧带骨化物复合体可控前移治疗多节段连续型胸椎后纵韧带骨化症疗效观察

【摘要】 目的：探讨胸椎后路椎体－后纵韧带骨化物复合体可控前移固定减压技术治疗多节段连续型胸椎后纵韧带骨化症（thoracic ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,T-OPLL）的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析2018年5月～2020年6月于我院脊柱外科接受胸椎后路椎体-后纵韧带骨化物复合体可控前移固定减压技术治疗的22例多节段连续型T-OPLL患者,记录手术一般情况,统计患者发病节段、临床表现及并发症情况,并根据术前、术后的疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）、日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分、Frankel分级、CT、MRI检查评估手术效果。结果：随访时间13～17（14.95±1.33）个月;手术时间200～310min（238.19±34.73min）,出血量900～1800ml（1345.45±230.38ml）;患者术前、术后3个月、12个月、末次随访时VAS评分分别为7.59±0.73分、3.50±0.51分、2.41±0.50分、1.55±0.51分;术前和术后3个月、12个月、末次随访时的VAS评分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。患者术前、术后3个月、12个月、末次随访时JOA评分分别为4.64±1.84分、5.73±1.78分、6.82±1.33分、9.23±0.81分;术前和术后3个月、12个月、末次随访时的JOA评分差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,末次随访时JOA评分改善率平均为（73.64±12.57）%。末次随访时患者Frankel分级改善1～3级（术前14例B级、4例C级、4例D级均恢复至E级）。末次随访时无内固定松动、断钉断棒等并发症,骨化物未见明显进展。结论：胸椎后路椎体－骨化物复合体可控前移固定减压技术能够借助钉棒固定系统将骨化物前移,实现对脊髓的原位减压,是一种安全有效的新术式,为胸椎后纵韧带骨化症的治疗提供了新思路。     

胸椎黄韧带骨化的病理单元及分层八边手术法

目的 描述胸椎黄韧带骨化(ossification of ligamentum flavum,OLF)的病理单元并介绍分层八边法手术,探讨OLF病理单元的意义和分层八边法手术疗效.方法 2002年1月至2007年1月,手术治疗胸椎OLF合并脊髓病患者95例,男61例,女34例;年龄31～78岁,平均53.9岁.上胸段32例,中胸段24例,下胸段39例.单节段骨化53例,双节段骨化38例,三节段骨化4例,共141个OLF节段.用CT三维同步定位像观察脊柱OLF脊柱结构.用日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)括约肌功能评分和下肢运动功能评分以及运动功能恢复率评估疗效.结果 CT多平面重建观察骨化黄韧带病理单元共141个.每个病理单元规定为:与OLF所附着的关节突相邻上、下椎弓根下缘延长线之间包含的脊柱所有生理和OLF病理结构.术后随访24～60个月,平均38.3个月.术前感觉障碍及下肢麻木86例,术后完全恢复67例、部分恢复19例;术前束带感69例,均完全恢复.术前括约肌功能JOA评分为(2.262±0.561)分,术后为(2.651±0.334)分;术前运动功能JOA评分为(1.539±0.873)分,术后为(3.694±0.429)分;恢复率平均为87.57%.疗效评价:优71例、良19例、可5例,优良率为94.74%.结论 OLF病理单元更完全、准确地概括OLF的病理结构,分层八边法手术减压充分、安全.     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92