术前肌电图和脑干听觉诱发电位与面肌痉挛微血管减压术后迟发性面瘫发生的关系(英文)

Background Delayed facial palsy ( DFP) after microvascular decompression ( MVD) in patients with hemifacial spasm ( HFS) is not uncommon,but the cause remains unknown. Objectives To assess whether intraoperative electromyography ( EMG) and brainstem auditory evoked potential ( BAEP) can predict DFP after MVD. Methods Between September 2009 and February 2011 we examined 86 patients,9 of whom ( 10. 4% ) developed DFP after MVD on the same side. All patients underwent MVD and were followed - up for a median period of 13 months ( range 6-22) . We retrospectively examined intraoperative facial EMG and BAEP findings using our MVD patients’ registry. We excluded secondary HFS and immediate postoperative facial palsy after MVD in this study. We assessed the prevalence and clinical characteristics of DFP and compared EMG and BAEP findings between DFP and non-DFP groups. Results: All pa- tients recovered completely,with a mean time to recovery of 37. 8 days ( range 22-57) . There were no significant differences between DFP and non - DFP patients in terms of the amplitude and latency of intraoperative EMG and BAEP. Conclusion The usefulness of intraoperative facial EMG and BAEP is limited and cannot predict DFP after MVD for HFS. We speculate that DFP after MVD is not associated with permanent nerve damage according to the EMG findings.     

面神经远端血管压迫对面肌痉挛手术疗效的影响

目的 探讨面神经远端血管压迫对面肌痉挛显微血管减压术疗效的影响.方法 采用监测面神经侧方扩散反应(LSR)的方法,对120例面肌痉挛患者进行术中监测,通过对39例单纯面神经根出脑干区减压后LSR未消失的病例探查而神经蛛网膜下腔段全长(面神经远端),发现19例面神经远端存在血管压迫,进行充分减压,记录监测结果并观察手术疗效.结果 手术结束时15例LSR消失,4例LSR未消失.术后面肌痉挛症状完全消失13例,减轻但未完全消失6例.随访8-14个月,平均12.7个月,所有患者面肌痉挛症状均完全消失,无复发病例.术后并发症包括:中度面瘫2例,均于随访期间恢复正常;听力丧失1例,未恢复;听力下降3例,随访期间1例恢复正常,2例较前好转;颅内感染1例,住院期间完全控制.结论 面神经远端血管压迫对面肌痉挛手术的疗效有明确影响,根据监测结果对其进行减压能够降低术后延迟治愈的发生率并减少盲目处理面听神经相关血管导致并发症的发生.

Abstract：

Objectiye To study the influence of distal portion compression of the facial nerve in hemifacial spasm surgery.Method 120 hemifacial spasm patients were undergone lateral spread response monitoring during microvascular decompression surgery.39 patients' LSR remained after decompression of the root exit zone of the facial nerve.After exploring the full length of distal portion of the facial nerve in the subarachnoid space, 19 patients were found distal portion vascular compression and were fully decompressed.The monitoring records as long as the surgical results were analyzed post - operatively.Results At the end of operations, 15 patients' LSR disappeared and 4 remained.The HFS disappeared immediately in 13patients.The post - operative spasm was weaker in 6 patients.After follow - up period of 8 - 14 months ( mean duration 12.7 months), all patients were spasm free and no reoccurrence case.Post - operative complications included:2 cases of transient moderate facial paralysis, 1 case of hearing loss, 3 cases of transient hearing impairment and 1 case of intracranial infection.Conclusions Distal portion compression of the facial nerve has influence on the result of microvascular decompression surgery.Distal decompression which identified by intraoperative monitoring can decrease the occurrence of delayed resolution and minimize the complications related with decompression of the vascular attached to the Ⅶ and Ⅷ nerve.     

听神经瘤术中面神经电生理监测的问题与对策

Objective To explore the solutions to some problems of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during operation for acoustic neuroma and evaluate the function of anatomically preserved facial nerve. Methods The tumors were resected with suboccipital retrosigmoid approaches under microscope in 25 cases. Intraoperative monitoring was used to protect facial nerve and evaluated its function. Results Total removal was achieved in 25 patients( 100% ). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 23 cases(92% ),H - B Grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ in 19 cases, Grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ in 5, Grade Ⅴ～Ⅵ in 1. Stimulative intensity at the end of tumor resection was related to the function of facial nerve, and the lower was the better. The function of facial nerve might be Ⅰ～Ⅱ grade when stimulative intensity was lower than 0. 5 mA, and facial electromyograph response amplitudes was greater than 100 μV. The function of facial nerve was not ideal when stimilative intensity was above 2 mA and response amplitude was not clear. Conclusions Skilled technique of intraoperative facial nerve electrophysiologic monitoring can obviously increase the rate of anatomical and functional preservation of facial nerve, and quantitative analysis of electromyogram may help to evaluate its postoperative function.     

听神经瘤术中面神经电生理监测的问题与对策

Objective To explore the solutions to some problems of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during operation for acoustic neuroma and evaluate the function of anatomically preserved facial nerve. Methods The tumors were resected with suboccipital retrosigmoid approaches under microscope in 25 cases. Intraoperative monitoring was used to protect facial nerve and evaluated its function. Results Total removal was achieved in 25 patients( 100% ). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 23 cases(92% ),H - B Grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ in 19 cases, Grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ in 5, Grade Ⅴ～Ⅵ in 1. Stimulative intensity at the end of tumor resection was related to the function of facial nerve, and the lower was the better. The function of facial nerve might be Ⅰ～Ⅱ grade when stimulative intensity was lower than 0. 5 mA, and facial electromyograph response amplitudes was greater than 100 μV. The function of facial nerve was not ideal when stimilative intensity was above 2 mA and response amplitude was not clear. Conclusions Skilled technique of intraoperative facial nerve electrophysiologic monitoring can obviously increase the rate of anatomical and functional preservation of facial nerve, and quantitative analysis of electromyogram may help to evaluate its postoperative function.     

听神经瘤术中面神经电生理监测的问题与对策

Objective To explore the solutions to some problems of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during operation for acoustic neuroma and evaluate the function of anatomically preserved facial nerve. Methods The tumors were resected with suboccipital retrosigmoid approaches under microscope in 25 cases. Intraoperative monitoring was used to protect facial nerve and evaluated its function. Results Total removal was achieved in 25 patients( 100% ). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 23 cases(92% ),H - B Grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ in 19 cases, Grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ in 5, Grade Ⅴ～Ⅵ in 1. Stimulative intensity at the end of tumor resection was related to the function of facial nerve, and the lower was the better. The function of facial nerve might be Ⅰ～Ⅱ grade when stimulative intensity was lower than 0. 5 mA, and facial electromyograph response amplitudes was greater than 100 μV. The function of facial nerve was not ideal when stimilative intensity was above 2 mA and response amplitude was not clear. Conclusions Skilled technique of intraoperative facial nerve electrophysiologic monitoring can obviously increase the rate of anatomical and functional preservation of facial nerve, and quantitative analysis of electromyogram may help to evaluate its postoperative function.     

听神经瘤术中面神经电生理监测的问题与对策

Objective To explore the solutions to some problems of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during operation for acoustic neuroma and evaluate the function of anatomically preserved facial nerve. Methods The tumors were resected with suboccipital retrosigmoid approaches under microscope in 25 cases. Intraoperative monitoring was used to protect facial nerve and evaluated its function. Results Total removal was achieved in 25 patients( 100% ). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 23 cases(92% ),H - B Grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ in 19 cases, Grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ in 5, Grade Ⅴ～Ⅵ in 1. Stimulative intensity at the end of tumor resection was related to the function of facial nerve, and the lower was the better. The function of facial nerve might be Ⅰ～Ⅱ grade when stimulative intensity was lower than 0. 5 mA, and facial electromyograph response amplitudes was greater than 100 μV. The function of facial nerve was not ideal when stimilative intensity was above 2 mA and response amplitude was not clear. Conclusions Skilled technique of intraoperative facial nerve electrophysiologic monitoring can obviously increase the rate of anatomical and functional preservation of facial nerve, and quantitative analysis of electromyogram may help to evaluate its postoperative function.     

听神经瘤术中面神经电生理监测的问题与对策

Objective To explore the solutions to some problems of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during operation for acoustic neuroma and evaluate the function of anatomically preserved facial nerve. Methods The tumors were resected with suboccipital retrosigmoid approaches under microscope in 25 cases. Intraoperative monitoring was used to protect facial nerve and evaluated its function. Results Total removal was achieved in 25 patients( 100% ). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 23 cases(92% ),H - B Grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ in 19 cases, Grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ in 5, Grade Ⅴ～Ⅵ in 1. Stimulative intensity at the end of tumor resection was related to the function of facial nerve, and the lower was the better. The function of facial nerve might be Ⅰ～Ⅱ grade when stimulative intensity was lower than 0. 5 mA, and facial electromyograph response amplitudes was greater than 100 μV. The function of facial nerve was not ideal when stimilative intensity was above 2 mA and response amplitude was not clear. Conclusions Skilled technique of intraoperative facial nerve electrophysiologic monitoring can obviously increase the rate of anatomical and functional preservation of facial nerve, and quantitative analysis of electromyogram may help to evaluate its postoperative function.     

听神经瘤术中面神经电生理监测的问题与对策

Objective To explore the solutions to some problems of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during operation for acoustic neuroma and evaluate the function of anatomically preserved facial nerve. Methods The tumors were resected with suboccipital retrosigmoid approaches under microscope in 25 cases. Intraoperative monitoring was used to protect facial nerve and evaluated its function. Results Total removal was achieved in 25 patients( 100% ). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 23 cases(92% ),H - B Grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ in 19 cases, Grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ in 5, Grade Ⅴ～Ⅵ in 1. Stimulative intensity at the end of tumor resection was related to the function of facial nerve, and the lower was the better. The function of facial nerve might be Ⅰ～Ⅱ grade when stimulative intensity was lower than 0. 5 mA, and facial electromyograph response amplitudes was greater than 100 μV. The function of facial nerve was not ideal when stimilative intensity was above 2 mA and response amplitude was not clear. Conclusions Skilled technique of intraoperative facial nerve electrophysiologic monitoring can obviously increase the rate of anatomical and functional preservation of facial nerve, and quantitative analysis of electromyogram may help to evaluate its postoperative function.     

听神经瘤术中面神经电生理监测的问题与对策

Objective To explore the solutions to some problems of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during operation for acoustic neuroma and evaluate the function of anatomically preserved facial nerve. Methods The tumors were resected with suboccipital retrosigmoid approaches under microscope in 25 cases. Intraoperative monitoring was used to protect facial nerve and evaluated its function. Results Total removal was achieved in 25 patients( 100% ). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 23 cases(92% ),H - B Grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ in 19 cases, Grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ in 5, Grade Ⅴ～Ⅵ in 1. Stimulative intensity at the end of tumor resection was related to the function of facial nerve, and the lower was the better. The function of facial nerve might be Ⅰ～Ⅱ grade when stimulative intensity was lower than 0. 5 mA, and facial electromyograph response amplitudes was greater than 100 μV. The function of facial nerve was not ideal when stimilative intensity was above 2 mA and response amplitude was not clear. Conclusions Skilled technique of intraoperative facial nerve electrophysiologic monitoring can obviously increase the rate of anatomical and functional preservation of facial nerve, and quantitative analysis of electromyogram may help to evaluate its postoperative function.     

听神经瘤术中面神经电生理监测的问题与对策

Objective To explore the solutions to some problems of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during operation for acoustic neuroma and evaluate the function of anatomically preserved facial nerve. Methods The tumors were resected with suboccipital retrosigmoid approaches under microscope in 25 cases. Intraoperative monitoring was used to protect facial nerve and evaluated its function. Results Total removal was achieved in 25 patients( 100% ). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 23 cases(92% ),H - B Grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ in 19 cases, Grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ in 5, Grade Ⅴ～Ⅵ in 1. Stimulative intensity at the end of tumor resection was related to the function of facial nerve, and the lower was the better. The function of facial nerve might be Ⅰ～Ⅱ grade when stimulative intensity was lower than 0. 5 mA, and facial electromyograph response amplitudes was greater than 100 μV. The function of facial nerve was not ideal when stimilative intensity was above 2 mA and response amplitude was not clear. Conclusions Skilled technique of intraoperative facial nerve electrophysiologic monitoring can obviously increase the rate of anatomical and functional preservation of facial nerve, and quantitative analysis of electromyogram may help to evaluate its postoperative function.     

神经电生理监测异常肌反应在面肌痉挛术中的作用

目的 评价异常肌反应（AMR）监测在面肌痉挛微血管减压术（MVD）中的应用价值。方法 2011年4月至2013年7月收治的88例面肌痉挛患者,均行MVD治疗,采用神经电生理监测AMR波指导手术。结果 术前所有患者均监测到AMR波,压迫面神经的血管减压后76例（86.4%）AMR波消失,12例（13.7%）AMR波未消失。术后随访结果6个月,AMR波消失的76例患者中,75例面肌痉挛消失,1例痉挛程度较术前明显缓解;AMR波未消失的12例患者,8例面肌痉挛消失,3例较术前明显缓解,1例无效。结论 面肌痉挛患者MVD术中监测AMR波有助于鉴别责任血管、评价手术减压效果、判断手术后患者的预后。     

A new method for monitoring abnormal muscle response in hemifacial spasm: A prospective study

Objective

To examine a new abnormal muscle response (AMR) monitoring method during microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm.

微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的预后因素分析

目的 探讨影响面肌痉挛微血管减压术的预后因素.方法 回顾性分析2009年6月至2010年10月间我科收治的852例面肌痉挛患者的临床资料、术中所见、电生理监测及疗效情况.通过Logistic回归模型分析影响面肌痉挛患者手术的预后因素.结果 分析结果表明,患者病程长短(P=0.034)、术中发现明确的责任血管(P=0.029)、面神经表面有血管压迹(P=0.000)以及术后异常肌反应(AMR)完全消失(P=0.013)是影响面肌痉挛术后完全缓解的独立预后因素.结论 面神经微血管减压术中应全程探查面神经,寻找是否有神经压迹,对责任血管的准确判断及电生理监测是提高手术疗效的关键.     

异常肌反应变化在面神经微血管减压术中的应用

目的 探讨异常肌反应(AMR)监测在面神经微血管减压术(MVD)中鉴别责任血管、评估减压效果以及判断预后方面的作用.方法 305例典型面肌痉挛患者接受了面神经MVD术中AMR的实时监测,并分别在术后1 d、1个月和3个月进行疗效评估,分析术中AMR变化与手术预后之间的关系.结果 所有患者均在术中记录到典型AMR波形,术后1 d、1个月和3个月症状缓解率分别为89.8%、93.8%、94.8%.术中监测AMR消失组和AMR显著变化组的疗效明显好于AMR未消失组(P<0.05).结论 术中AMR监测可辅助判断责任血管,评估减压效果,对提高手术疗效具有较高的应用价值.     

Prognostic value of intra-operative abnormal muscle response monitoring during microvascular decompression for long-term outcome of hemifacial spasm

The reliability of intra-operative abnormal muscle response (AMR) monitoring as an indicator of post-operative outcome in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) is under debate. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between intra-operative AMR changes and long-term post-operative outcome. We monitored intra-operative AMR during microvascular decompression (MVD) in consecutive patients with HFS (n = 104). Patients in this study were divided into two groups based on whether their AMR disappeared or persisted following MVD. Ninety patients were followed-up, and the mean duration from surgery to final follow-up examination was 3.7 years. Fourteen patients were lost to follow-up. AMR disappeared during surgery for 80 patients; of these, 74 achieved complete resolution of HFS, five had persistent HFS, and one patient developed a recurrence of HFS. Of the 10 patients with persistent AMR despite effective MVD, eight patients achieved complete resolution, one patient had persistent HFS, and one developed recurrent HFS. The long-term clinical outcome of HFS after MVD did not significantly correlate with intra-operative AMR changes (p = 0.791). Therefore, we suggest that intra-operative AMR monitoring may not be a reliable indicator of long-term post-operative outcome for HFS.     

Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

We aimed to determine the reliability of (i) intraoperative monitoring by stimulated electromyography (EMG) of the facial nerve to predict the completeness of microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS), and (ii) brainstem auditory-evoked potential (BAEP) to predict postoperative hearing disturbance. We conducted a prospective study of 36 patients who received MVD for HFS. We confirmed the disappearance of an abnormal muscle response in the facial nerve EMG to predict the completeness of MVD, and performed BAEP monitoring to predict postoperative hearing disturbance. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of facial nerve EMG and BAEP monitoring were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of facial nerve EMG were 0.97, 1.0 and 0.97, respectively, and that for BAEP monitoring were 1.0, 0.94 and 0.94 respectively. There was one false positive result for facial nerve EMG, and two false positive results for BAEP monitoring. No false negative result was encountered for either EMG or BAEP monitoring. Facial nerve EMG correctly predicted whether MVD was successful in 35 out of 36 patients, and BAEP correctly predicted whether there was postoperative hearing disturbance in 34 out of 36 patients. Intraoperative facial nerve EMG provides a real-time indicator of successful MVD during an operation while BAEP monitoring may provide an early warning of hearing disturbance after MVD.     

面肌痉挛显微血管减压术的诱发肌电图监测和评估

目的:探讨面神经诱发肌电图在显微血管减压(MVD)术中、术后对面肌痉挛治疗效果的监测和评估。方法:对26例典型面肌痉挛病人、探讨在MVD术前、术中、术后,经皮刺激痉挛侧(手术侧)面神经下颌缘支,记录诱发同侧眼轮匝肌肌电位(MD-OC反应)变化,并以正常侧作对照检查。结果:26例术前均记录到痉挛侧MD-OC反应,在术中操作不同阶段,21例均见MD-OC反应消失。术后1周～3个月随访复查21例中,12例痉挛完全消失,MD-OC反应不复存在,9例症状明显或部分减轻,但有4例再记录到MD-OC反应。另5例术中,术后均记录到MD-OC反应,症状未有改善。结论:面神经诱发肌电图运用于MVD术中监测和预后判断,可改善和提高面肌痉挛的治愈率。     

AMR monitoring in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: 115 cases report

In MVD operations assisted by AMR monitoring, the reliability and validity of decompression can be evaluated by observing whether AMR disappears. Although intraoperative AMR monitoring has been used widely, debate exists over its reliability and positive contribution. In this series, 115 cases of HFS treated with MVD operations with AMR monitoring were enrolled. All MVD procedures were performed via a suboccipital retrosigmoid approach. Microscope and endoscope were used alternately as was needed. Medtronic Nim-eclipse system was used for intra-operative AMR monitoring. The zygomatic branch of the facial nerve was stimulated and AMRs were recorded form the mentalis muscle. In 112 of the 115 cases, AMR was recorded during operation. In the 112 cases with typical AMR, AMR disappeared in 105 cases. Among the 105 cases, 79 achieved immediate cure after operation, 21 were spasm-free within 6-month follow-up, and the symptom of 5 cases persisted at 6-month follow-up. Among the 7 cases whose AMR did not disappear at the end of operation, 2 cases achieved immediate cure and 2 cases achieved delayed relief. For those cases with electrophysiological relief, the overall relief rate was 95.2% (100/105); for those with persistent AMR, the overall relief rate was 57.1% (4/7, P < 0.05). In conclusion, AMR monitoring provide valuable information to MVD operation for HFS. The use and investigation of AMR will undoubtedly contribute to the understanding and curing of HFS.     

电生理监测在面肌痉挛微血管减压术中的作用

目的 评价异常肌反应(Abnormal muscle response,AMR)监测在面肌痉挛微血管减压术(Microvascular decompression,MVD)中的作用.方法 回顾性分析在我科接受治疗的241例典型面肌痉挛患者临床资料并检索数据库中关于AMR监测与面肌痉挛MVD手术疗效关系的临床研究文章,采用RevMan 5.1荟萃分析软件进行分析,对AMR变化程度与术后疗效关系采用优势比(Odds ratio,OR)进行评价.结果 A组(AMR完全消失或波幅下降超过80％),B组的手术有效率分别为96.2％,82.1％,组间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);荟萃分析显示AMR消失组的术后治愈率是AMR未消失组的3.53倍[OR=3.53,95％置信区间95％CI(2.28,5.48)].结论 面肌痉李微血管减压术中行AMR监测可有效指导手术,提高手术治愈率,应将AMR作为MVD术中常规监测项目.     

神经电生理监测在原发性面肌痉挛显微血管减压术中的应用

目的探讨神经电生理监测在原发性面肌痉挛微血管减压(MVD)术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析行显微血管减压手术治疗的241例原发性面肌痉挛患者的临床资料。患者术中均行神经电生理监测,包括异常肌反应(AMR)、脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)和面神经自由描记肌电图(Free-EMG)。对神经电生理监测结果与手术疗效及术后并发症进行分析。结果本组患者中218例患者术中AMR消失,其中治愈210例(96.33%)、复发2例(0.84%)、术后并发面神经功能障碍4例(1.69%)。19例患者术中AMR未消失,其中治愈13例(68.42%)、复发4例(21.05%)、并发面神经功能障碍3例(15.79%)。AMR消失组与未消失组患者的治愈率、复发率及术后面神经功能障碍发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。术中BAEP监测,有16例患者发生变化,其中术后发生听力下降者4例(25%)、发生眩晕者11例(68.75%);225例患者BAEP无变化,术后均没有发生听力下降,发生眩晕者23例(10.22%)。BAEP变化组与无变化组患者术后听力下降及眩晕发生率的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。结论MVD术中进行神经电生理监测可以预测手术效果及评估预后,并对手术操作具有指导意义。