萱草花对抑郁模型大鼠行为学及学习记忆的影响

Objective To observe the effects of the extract from daylily on the learning and memory in depression model rats, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Rats were randomly divided into control group, model group ( CUMS), the positive group (CUMS + fluoxetine) , high, medium and low dose group (stress + daylily extract in different doses), 12 rats in each group. The depression model was established by combining separation and chronic unpredictable stress. Body mass, open-field-test and sugar consumption experiment were used to evaluate the changes of behaviors in rats. And morris water Maze test was used to evaluate the ability of learning and memory. Results There was no statistically distinction between the rats of each group on weight and the behavioral indicator before modeling. Compared with the control group, the vertical movement,horizontal movement of open box test in the model group were reduced (P＜0.05 ) ,and sugar consumption and preference degree decreased (P<0.05 ).The target quadrant time, platform resident time, effective area residence time and crossing platform times in the water maze test of the model group was less than those of the control group. The daylily effect was evaluated at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 days respectively post treatment. There were significant differences in depression behaviors between model group and daylily group(P＜0.05). And each indicator in the water maze test of the daylily group (high, medium dose) was more than that of model group (P ＜ 0. 05). Control group, model group, positive group, high, medium and low dose group, vertical movement scores were (41.83 ± 17.63; 8.14 ±4.23; 12.73 ±7.21; 23.17 ± 18.75; 8.38 ±3.46; 13.50 ±5.44); horizontal movement scores were (69.92 ±34.04; 28.33 ±20.36; 62.25 ± 15.72; 69.42 ±35.17 ; 49.08 ±32.85; 48.08 ±21.19). Conclusion Daylily may be partially work on the depression of rats, with some antidepressant effect, meantime,daylily can improve the ability of learning and memorizing of the depressed rats.     

Multiple Pharmacological Actions of Yiqi Huatan Decoction (益气化痰方) in A Model of Depression in Rats

Objective: To investigate the influence of Yiqi Huatan Decoction (益气化痰方, YHD) on a model of depression in rats under different pathological conditions. Methods: Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8: normal, model, YHD, and maprotiline. The model group, YHD group and maprotiline group used separate feeding and rats were exposed to chronic and unpredictable stress to build the depression model. From day 2, the YHD group and maprotiline group were respectively given YHD (7 g/kg) and maprotiline (10 mg/kg) by gastrogavage once daily. The normal and model groups were given the same volume of drinking water. The medication duration were 21 days. At the end of the experiment, the serum levels of copper and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (COR) were detected by radioimmunoassay, and levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the hypothalamus were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography-eletricochemistry. Results: Compared with the content of copper and zinc in the serum of rats in the normal group, serum copper levels in model rats were significantly increased and zinc content was significantly reduced (both P<0.05). Plasma concentrations of ACTH and COR in the model group were significantly increased compared with those in the normal group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The contents of NE, DA, and 5-HT in the hypothalamus of rats in the model group were significantly reduced compared with those of the normal group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with those in the model group, the serum copper content and plasma concentrations of ACTH and COR were significantly decreased (all P<0.05); meanwhile, serum zinc content and hypothalamic contents of NE, DA, and 5-HT were significantly increased in rats of the YHD group (all P<0.05). The same effects were also shown in the maprotiline group except for 5-HT (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The pharmacological actions of YHD for depression might be related to improving trace-element anomalies, reversing endocrine dysfunction, and modulating the disorders of monoaminergic neurotransmitters.     

Effects of Kaixin Powder(开心散)on Melatonin Receptor Expression and ~(125)I-Mel Binding Affinity in A Rat Model of Depression

Objective:To explore the effects of Kaixin Powder(开心散,KXP) on melatonin receptor(MR)expression and ~(125)I-Mel binding affinity in a depression rat model.Methods:Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into six groups:a blank control group,model group,ramelteon group,KXP high-dosage group(HKXP),medium-dosage group(MKXP) and low-dosage group(LKXP).To establish the depression model,all groups except the blank control group were singly housed and exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress.Weight gain,sucrose consumption and the open-field test were used to evaluate induction of depression.KXP at 260,130 and 65 mg/(kg·d) was also respectively administered to the rats in the HKXP,MKXP and LKXP groups for 21 days.Ramelteon[0.83 mg/(kg·d)]was given to the positive drug control group.An equivalent volume of physiological saline was given to the blank and model groups.The liquid chip method was used to measure the concentration of plasma melatonin(MT).Mel1a(MT1) and Mel1b(MT2) expression levels were determined by Western blotting.In addition,a radioactive ligand-binding assay was used to analyze the specific binding properties and dynamic characteristics between MR and ~(125)I-Mel.Results:The results of weight gain,sucrose consumption and the open-field test showed that our model successfully produced depressive symptoms and depressive-like behavior.The concentration of plasma MT in the model group decreased significantly at night but increased in the MKXP group(P0.05).The HKXP group showed significantly increased expression of MT1(P0.05);however,the expression of MT2 in all groups exhibited no significant differences(P0.05).The maximum binding capacity(B_(max)) for specific binding between MR and ~(125)I-Mel in the MKXP group was significantly higher than that in the model group(P0.05),but no significant differences were found in the equilibrium dissociation constant(K_d) of each group(P0.05).Conclusions:KXP may have a similar effect as ramelteon.KXP improved depressive-like behavior by increasing the concentration of plasma MT and MT1 expression,thereby increasing three B_(max) of MR to achieve the desired antidepressant effect.     

Effects on the Tumor Specific Growth Factor and Tumor Necrosis Factor α in Rats' Precancerous Lesion of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Direct Moxibustion at Ganshu(BL 18) Acupoint

Objective: To investigate the effect of direct moxibustion at Ganshu(BL18) on the serum concentrations of tumor specific growth factor(TSGF) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) in a rat model with precancerous lesion of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), so as to explore the mechanism of moxibustion underlying improvement of HCC. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group(n=10), model group(n=20), prevention group 1(n=15) and prevention group 2(n=15). The normal rats were injected with physiological saline as blank control. At the same time, the rats of other three groups were injected with diethylnitrosamine to establish the HCC model. Direct moxibustion with grain-sized moxa was applied to bilateral Ganshu acupoint of the rats in the prevention group 1(1 treatment course, 20 days) and prevention group 2(2 treatment courses, 40 days), 5 doses for each acupoint, 0.5 mg/dose, once every other day. At each time point(before model establishment, the end of 1st course prevention, the end of 2nd course prevention and the end of model establishment), serum levels of TSGF and TNF-α were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Compared with the control group, there was a remarkably increase of serum TSGF and TNF-α contents in the model group at the end of the experiment(P0.05). At the end of the 1st course of direct moxibustion, the contents of serum TSGF and TNF-α of rats in the prevention group 1 were significantly increased compared with that of the model group(P0.05). At the end of the 2nd course of direct moxibustion, serum TSGF and TNF-α levels of rats in the model group were higher than the normal group with significantly difference(P0.05), and the levels of TSGF and TNF-α in the prevention group 2 were significantly reduced in comparison with the model group(P0.05). Conclusion: It was possible that direct moxibustion could inhibit precancerous lesion and postpone hepatocarcinogenesis, and the therapeutic effect of two courses were better than one course.     

慢性不可预见性应激大鼠主动回避行为与脑电图的相关性

目的 观察慢性不可预见性应激对大鼠认知功能和脑电生理活动的影响是否存在相关性及可能的神经电生理机制.方法 20只雄性SD大鼠随机分成对照组(n=10)和模型组(n=10).用慢性不可预见性应激刺激模型组大鼠,用主动回避行为实验检测两组大鼠脑功能,用脑电图检测大鼠脑电活动.结果 与对照组相比,模型组大鼠在主动回避行为测试的学习阶段学会躲避电击前的失败率明显减少[(42±36)%,982±30)%,P＜0.05],且脑电图频谱分析显示δ波(0.5～3Hz)的功率值增加[(47.09±22.86)μv2,(22.55±11.57) μv3,P＜0.05].模型组大鼠的主动回避行为学习阶段学会前的失败率与脑电δ波功率呈正相关(相关系数r=0.717,P＜0.05);结论慢性不可预见性应激导致大鼠的主动回避行为增强,同时脑电图δ波的功率值增加,脑认知功能与脑电活动之间存在正相关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate whether there is correlation exists in the effection of chronic unpredictable stress on active avoidance behavior and electroencephalogram ( EEG) of rat. Methods Twenty male SD rats (weight～200 g) were randomly divided into control group( n= 10) and model group( n- 10). Rats in model group were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress . Active avoidance response were observed with GeminiTM avoid system and EEG power spectrum was evaluated with Powerlab system. Results The failure rate in active avoidance test was correlation with delta wave power in EEG. Compared with control group, rats in model group had reduced failure rate in active avoidance task(42 ±36)% vs (82 ±30)% , P＜0.05). The EEG power spectrum of model group rats increased in delta band((47.09 ±22.86)μV2 vs (22. 55 ± 11. 57) μV2, P＜0. 05), which had the significant difference between the two group rats. The failure rate of active avoidance task in model group rats was positive correlation with EEG power spectrum of delta wave (r = 0. 717, P ＜ 0. 05) . Conclusion Chronic unpredictable stress facilitated active avoid behavior and changed spontaneous EEG, which suggested chronic unpredictable stress actived the neurotransmitter network system involved with active avoidance task in central nervous system. Brain cognitive function correlated positively with brain electrophysiology activity measured in chronic unpredictable stress induced rat model.     

慢性不可预见性应激大鼠主动回避行为与脑电图的相关性

Objective To investigate whether there is correlation exists in the effection of chronic unpredictable stress on active avoidance behavior and electroencephalogram ( EEG) of rat. Methods Twenty male SD rats (weight～200 g) were randomly divided into control group( n= 10) and model group( n- 10). Rats in model group were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress . Active avoidance response were observed with GeminiTM avoid system and EEG power spectrum was evaluated with Powerlab system. Results The failure rate in active avoidance test was correlation with delta wave power in EEG. Compared with control group, rats in model group had reduced failure rate in active avoidance task(42 ±36)% vs (82 ±30)% , P＜0.05). The EEG power spectrum of model group rats increased in delta band((47.09 ±22.86)μV2 vs (22. 55 ± 11. 57) μV2, P＜0. 05), which had the significant difference between the two group rats. The failure rate of active avoidance task in model group rats was positive correlation with EEG power spectrum of delta wave (r = 0. 717, P ＜ 0. 05) . Conclusion Chronic unpredictable stress facilitated active avoid behavior and changed spontaneous EEG, which suggested chronic unpredictable stress actived the neurotransmitter network system involved with active avoidance task in central nervous system. Brain cognitive function correlated positively with brain electrophysiology activity measured in chronic unpredictable stress induced rat model.     

Effect of Acupuncture on Ovary Morphology and Function in DHEA-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Model Rats

Objective To investigate the effects of acupuncture on ovary morphology and function in dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)-induced polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)model rats.Methods A total of 40 adult female Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups by a random number table,including control,model,metformin and acupuncture groups,10 rats in each group.PCOS rat model was developed by injecting with DHEA(6 mg/100 g body weight)in 0.2 mL of oil subcutaneously.Electrical stimulation(2 Hz,3 mA)was applied to Guanyuan(CV 4),Zigong(EX-CA1)and Qihai(CV 6)acupoints for 30 min daily in the acupuncture group,and metformin(200 mg/kg)was given to rats in the metformin group,both once per day for 21 consecutive days,and rats in the normal group was fed with normal saline and fed regularly.After 21 days of administration,the rat blood samples were collected for detecting the reproductive hormonal levels[luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),estradiol(E2),progesterone(P),testosterone(T)]and inflammatory factors(visfatin,IL-6)analysis.Ovary tissue was used for histopathological analysis.Results Compared with the model group,rats in the acupuncture and metformin groups were significantly lower in weight gain,FSH,LH and T levels,and E2 and P levels significantly increased(alll P<0.05).Meanwhile,LH and FSH levels were significantly decreased,and P,T and E2 levels significantly increased in the acupuncture group,compared with the metformin group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,IL-6 and visfatin levels were significantly decreased in the acupuncture and metformin groups(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in IL-6 and visfatin levels between the acupuncture and metformin groups(P>0.05).Ovarian diameter in the acupuncture and metformin groups were smaller than the model group(P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences in ovarian diameters between the acupuncture and metformin groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture might improve ovary morphology and its function in DHEA-induced PCOS model rats.     

噻萘普汀与碳酸锂对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马pCREB表达的影响

目的 研究噻萘普汀与碳酸锂对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马磷酸化Camp反应元件结合蛋白(Pcreb)表达的影响.方法 将大鼠随机排列法分为抑郁模型组、噻萘普汀组、碳酸锂组和对照组.模型组、噻萘普汀组和碳酸锂组给予21 d的应激刺激,此期间对照组正常饲养,刺激期间噻萘普汀组每天灌胃噻萘普汀(50mg/kg),碳酸锂组每天灌胄碳酸锂(60mg/kg),模型组和对照组每天灌胃等体积的生理盐水.行为学检测应用open-field法和液体消耗实验.采用Western-blotting法检测各组大鼠海马Pcreb的表达情况.结果 应激后模型组水平穿越格数[(23.2±23.0)格]、竖立次数[(8.1±7.2)次]、修饰次数[(3.6±3.5)次]、糖水消耗百分比[(55.4±11.7)%]均显著低于对照组[分别为(46.0±18.9)格、(20.3±11.3)次、(8.4±2.7)次、(68.5±8.2)%;均P＜0.01].应激后噻萘普汀组水平穿越格数[(28.1±23.0)格]、竖立次数[(12.1±9.4)次]和修饰次数[(5.5±3.2)次]低于对照组(P＜0.05),与模型组差异无显著性;糖水消耗百分比[(62.7±10.6)%]与对照组差异无显著性,但高于模型组(P＜0.05).应激后碳酸锂组水平穿越格数和糖水消耗百分比低于对照组(P＜0.05),竖立次数和修饰次数低于对照组(P＜0.01),各项数值均高于模型组,但差异无显著性(P＜0.05).在Western-blotting法检测中,模型组大鼠海马Pcreb的表达水平显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);噻萘普汀组大鼠海马Pcreb的表达水平与对照组差异无显著性(P＞0.05),但显著高于模型组(P＜0.01);碳酸锂组大鼠海马Pcreb的表达水平显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).高于模型组(P＜0.01).结论 噻萘普汀可以逆转慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马中Pcreb表达的降低;碳酸锂可以部分逆转慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马中Pcreb表达的降低.

Abstract：

Objective To research the effects of tianeptine and lithium on expression of pCREB in hippocampus of chronic stress depression rats. Methods All the experimental rats were divided by random into : Group of depression,Group of tianeptine,Group of lithium and Group of control. The rats of Group of depression, Group of tianeptine and Group of lithium were applied stress for 21 days,and meanwhile Group of control had no stress. The rats of Group of tianeptine were fed with tianeptine (50 mg/kg) , Group of lithium were fed with lithium (60 mg/kg) , while another groups were fed with normal sodium of the same volume. The ethology examination was performed by using method of open-field and experiment of fluid consumption. The expression of pCREB was detected by Western-blotting method. Results After the chronic stress,the horizontal crossing numbers,the erection times,the modification times and the percentage of sacchar-consumption of the rats of Group of depression were 23.2±23.0;8. 1 ±7.2; 3.6 ±3.5 and (55.4 ±11.7)% respectively, which were less than Group of control (46.0±18.9;20.3±11.3;8.4±2.7 and (68.5 ±8.2)% ; P＜0.01). The horizontal crossing numbers(28. 1 ±23.0) ,the erection times(12. 1 ± 9.4) and the modification times(5.5 ±3.2) of Group of tianeptine are less than those of Group of control (P ＜ 0. 05), but no significant difference compared with Group of depression; the percentage of sacchar-consumption(62.7 ± 10.6) % ,Group of tianeptine was more than Group of depression (P＜ 0.05 ) , but no obvious difference with Group of control. The horizontal crossing numbers, the erection times, the modification times and the percentage of sacchar-consumption of Group of lithium were less than those of Group of control (P ＜ 0.05), more than those of Group of depression but no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05). In Westernblotting method,the level of pCREB in the hippocampus of Group of depression was less than that of Group of control (P＜ 0.01); that of Group of tianeptine was more than that of Group of depression (P ＜ 0.01) but no obvious difference with Group of control; that of Group of lithium was less than that of Group of control (P＜0. 01) and more than Group of depression (P＜0.01). Conclusion Tianeptine could reverse the reduction of expression of pCREB in hippocampus of chronic stress depression rats and lithium partly did it.     

Effect of Lirukang Oral Liquid(利乳康口服液) on Neurotransmitters and Estrogen in Rats with Hyperplasia of Mammary Gland

Objective: To investigate the effects of Lirukang oral liquid (LRK, 利乳康口服液) on release of neurotransmitter in rats with hyperpiasia of mammary glands (HMG) and to explore its mechanism. Methods: Sixty rats were divided into six groups, the normal control group, the model control group, the large dosage (3.6g/kg) and the small dosage (1.8g/kg) LRK groups, the Ruzengning (乳增宁, RZN, 2.5g/kg) group and the tamoxifen (TAM, 5mg/kg) group, 10 in each group. Except those in the normal control group, all the animals were made into rat model of HMG by intraperitoneal injection of estradiol benzoate. Levels of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in hypothalamus and mammary gland in rats were detected by fluorescence luminosity assay, and level of prolactin (PRL) in serum was detected by radioimmunoassay.Results: In the model group, the level of DA reduced significantly (P＜0.01), and 5-HT and PRL increased obviously ( P＜0.01). Compared with the model group, the LRK groups of both dosages and the TAM group had their level of DA significantly increased (P ＜ 0. 01 ), and level of 5-HT significantly decreased ( P＜0.01). The serum PRL in both LRK groups was significantly decreased ( P＜0.01). No obvious changes in DA, 5-HT and PRL were found in the RZN group. Conclusion: LRK and TAM have similar effects in regulating the release of neurotransmitter in hypothalamus and mammary gland and serum content of estrogen in the animal models of HMG.     

Effects of Acupuncture at Baihui(GV 20) and Zusanli(ST 36) on Peripheral Serum Expression of MicroRNA 124,Laminin and Integrin β1 in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Objective:To explore the effects of acupuncture at Baihui(GV 20) and Zusanli(ST 36) on the peripheral serum expression of microRNA 124(miRNA 124),laminin and integrin β 1 in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury(CIRI).Methods:Seventy-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into a model group,an acupuncture group,and a sham-operated group using a random digits table,with 24 rats per group.Each group was further randomly divided into 1-,3-,5-,and 7-day subgroups based on the reperfusion time according to a random digits table,with 6 rats in each subgroup.In the model and acupuncture groups,CIRI was induced using the thread occlusion method.Electroacupuncture stimulation was applied daily to GV 20 and left ST 36 for 20 min at the indicated time points after successful operations.Serum was sampled for detecting laminin and integrin β1 protein via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and serum miRNA 124 was examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results:The serum level of miRNA 124 in the cerebral ischemia rats increased significantly,and the peak expression of miRNA 124 in both the model and acupuncture groups occurred at 3 days.The expression of miRNA 124 in the acupuncture group was higher than in the model group at the same time point(5.96 ±0.01 vs.3.11 ±0.04,P0.05).Laminin expression in serum from the cerebral ischemia group was higher than that in the sham-operated group.Compared with the model group,the level of laminin in the serum of the acupuncture group was significantly lower at each time point,especially at the 3-day,and 7-day time points(589.12±3.57 vs.793.05 ± 5.28,and 600.53 ±3.05 vs.899.06 ±5.74,P0.05).The level of integrin β 1 in the serum from the acupuncture group was lower than that in the model group particularly at the 3-day and 7-day time points(208.66 ±0.95 vs.280.83 ±1.77,and212.36 ±0.95 vs.316.77±2.42,P0.05).Additionally,the model group and the acupuncture group showed dual peaks of integrin β 1 and laminin expression at 3-day and 7-day.Conclusions:Acupuncture at GV 20 and ST 36 in rats alleviated CIRI and was associated with upregulated expression of miRNA 124 and with downregulated expression of integrin β 1 and laminin in peripheral serum.These changes may represent one of the mechanisms underlying acupuncture's attenuation of CIRI.     

围绝经期抑郁症模型大鼠空间学习记忆和海马超微结构的变化

目的 观察围绝经期抑郁症模型大鼠空间学习记忆及海马形态结构的变化.方法 雌性SD大鼠36只,分为正常组、应激组、去势组和模型组.正常组不给予任何处理,应激组给予孤养加2l d慢性不可预见性的温和应激(CUMS),去势组除卵巢切除术外不给予任何应激,模型组在卵巢切除术的基础上,给予孤养加2l d CUMS.采用Morris水迷宫测试大鼠的学习记忆力;光镜以及透射电镜观察大鼠海马组织结构.结果 2ld应激后,模型组大鼠前3d的逃避潜伏期分别为[(44.08±18.29)s;(38.80±19.07)s;(22.74±14.13)s],长于去势组大鼠[(43.68±10.37)s;(20.28±17.75)s;(21.22±11.91)s]和正常组大鼠[(34.50±11.08)s;(21.42±14.32)s;(13.94±9.76)s],且模型组大鼠搜索平台的策略多为边缘型和随机型.HE染色显示模型组大鼠海马锥体细胞层变薄,细胞间隙增大,排列紊乱,疏松,细胞结构不完整,甚至有大量细胞缺失;透射电镜下,模型组海马神经元细胞核呈现皱缩改变,核膜凹凸不整模糊不清,并有局部断裂;胞质内线粒体肿胀变性,嵴消失.结论 围绝经期抑郁症大鼠模型存在学习记忆力下降,这可能与应激造成的海马形态结构改变有关.     

γ-氨基丁酸和舍曲林对急性应激抑郁大鼠认知功能的作用

目的 探究γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和舍曲林对急性应激抑郁大鼠认知功能的影响.方法 对经Y-迷宫筛查出认知功能无差异的雄性SD大鼠进行强迫游泳,建立急性应激抑郁大鼠模型.观察未行应激的大鼠(对照组)、应激大鼠(模型组)、采用GABA预处理的应激大鼠(GABA组)及GABA+舍曲林预处理的应激大鼠(GABA+舍曲林组)在强迫游泳中的不动时间及其游泳后迷宫中的潜伏期.结果 随着GABA剂量的增加.在GABA≥0.5g/kg时大鼠游泳不动时间渐缩短[(432.33±187.64)s＞(332.50±217.23)s].与舍曲林(5mg/kg)+GABA(0.25 g/kg)作用[(316.67±353.83)s]相似,与模型组[(1404.33±129.46)s]比较差异有显著性(P＜0.01;P＜0.05),而大剂量GABA+舍曲林治疗组大鼠游泳不动时间[(1086.17±411.80)s]反而延长;模型组游泳后迷宫中潜伏期为[(179.17±8.54)s],高于对照组[(105.00±32.18)s],差异具有显著性(P＜0.05),10 mg/kg舍曲林及舍曲林+GABA联合治疗,大鼠游泳后迷宫中潜伏期分别为[(100.30±21.01)s]、[(69.83±16.89)s]、[(86.83±13.11)s],大鼠游泳后迷宫中潜伏期明显缩短,低于模型组,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05,0.01).结论 GABA有一定的抗抑郁作用;适量的GABA与舍曲林联合应用,不但可减少2种药物的使用剂量,较它们单独使用疗效更著;且可明显改善抑郁大鼠的学习记忆功能.     

睡眠剥夺对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马Bcl-xl表达的影响

目的 探讨睡眠剥夺通过影响海马区Bcl-xl含量及活性而产生的快速抗抑郁机制.方法 将40只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、抑郁模型组、睡眠剥夺组和水环境对照组.用改良多平台睡眠剥夺法(MMPM)对用慢性不可预见性应激抑郁模型方法建立的抑郁大鼠模型进行睡眠剥夺.用旷场实验测试其行为变化,以及用免疫组化法测试海马CAI、CA3、DG区Bcl-xl的平均光密度值.结果 (1)睡眠剥夺组大鼠与抑郁模型组相比旷场实验的水平得分[(35.30±18.77)分,(81.30±18.41)分,P＜0.01]与垂直得分[(20.50±4.84)分,(27.70±8.19)分,P＜0.05]均明显升高,潜伏期明显缩短[(4.60±1.35)s,(2.20±1.55)s,P＜0.01].(2)海马CAI、CA3、DG区Bcl-xl平均光密度值比较中,抑郁模型组均显著低于正常对照组(0.1356±0.0224,0.1389±0.0250,0.1457±0.0162;0.1725±0.0327,0.1734±0.0261,0.1768±0.0271;P＜0.01),睡眠剥夺组均显著高于抑郁模型组(0.1621±0.0128,0.1603±0.0137,0.1625±0.0192;0.1356±0.0224,0.1389±0.0250,0.1457±0.0162;P＜0.05).结论 睡眠剥夺可明显改善抑郁大鼠的抑郁样行为;海马部位Bcl-xl含量及活性的增高可能参与了睡眠剥夺的快速抗抑郁作用.     

MicroRNA-326通过靶向Klk7调控MAPK信号通路对抑郁模型大鼠的神经保护作用

目的探究MicroRNA-326通过靶向激肽释放酶7（Kallikrein 7,Klk7）调控有丝分裂原激活的蛋白激酶（ mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK）信号通路对抑郁模型大鼠的作用。 方法20只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组和慢性不可预测轻度应激（chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS）组,每组各10只。CUMS诱导制备抑郁症大鼠模型。蔗糖偏好实验、旷场实验和强迫游泳实验检测大鼠行为学变化;免疫组织化学检测Klk7表达,TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡;荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-326与Klk7之间的靶向结合作用; CCK-8检测海马神经元细胞活力;实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测miR-326表达和Klk7 mRNA表达;Western blot检测Klk7和MAPK信号通路相关基因蛋白表达。结果与空白对照组相比,CUMS组大鼠蔗糖偏爱值、穿越次数均显著下调（P＜0.05）,静止时间、Klk7表达和细胞凋亡均显著上调（P＜0.05）;Klk7为miR-326的靶基因;与阴性对照组（negative control,NC）相比,miR-326通过靶向抑制Klk7,从而抑制MAPK信号通路活化,促进CUMS大鼠海马神经元细胞增殖,抑制细胞凋亡（P＜0.05）;与miR-326 inhibitor组相比,同时下调miR-326和Klk7抑制MAPK信号通路活化,促进CUMS大鼠海马神经元细胞增殖,抑制细胞凋亡（P＜0.05）。 结论MicroRNA-326通过靶向Klk7调控MAPK信号通路对抑郁模型大鼠发挥神经保护作用。     

p-Tau蛋白在抑郁症大鼠海马组织中的表达

目的:观察抑郁症大鼠海马组织中磷酸化微管相关蛋白Tau(p-Tau)的表达水平,探讨p-Tau与抑郁症的关系。方法:40只大鼠随机分为对照组(n=20)和模型组(n=20),模型组大鼠采用慢性不可预见性温和应激(CUMS)建立大鼠抑郁症模型,对照组大鼠每天抓取1次。分别采用糖水偏好实验、旷场实验和Morris水迷宫实验检测对照组和模型组大鼠行为学表现;尼氏染色观察大鼠海马神经元形态学;对照组和模型组造模后1、7、14和28 d分批处死大鼠,采用Western blotting法检测大鼠海马组织中p-Tau蛋白表达水平。结果:糖水偏好实验,模型组大鼠糖水消耗量和糖水偏好百分比低于对照组(P<0.01);旷场实验,模型组大鼠行走总路程、中央活动时间、直立次数和修饰行为次数少于对照组(P<0.01);Morris水迷宫实验,模型组大鼠平均逃避潜伏期长于对照组(P<0.01);CUMS后1 d,模型组大鼠海马组织中p-Tau蛋白表达水平低于对照组(P<0.01),7 d后开始高于对照组(P<0.05),14 d时大鼠海马组织中p-Tau蛋白表达水平最高(P<0.01)。结论:抑郁模型大鼠海马组织中p-Tau蛋白表达水平先降低后增高,这可能影响微管的稳定性,破坏细胞骨架稳态,从而导致海马神经元的结构改变。     

D-半乳糖衰老模型大鼠学习记忆能力和特定脑区抗氧化酶活性的变化

目的 探讨D-半乳糖衰老模型大鼠学习记忆能力和特定脑区抗氧化酶活性的变化,以揭示学习记忆能力与特定脑区抗氧化酶活性的关系.方法 Wistar大鼠皮下注射D-半乳糖建立衰老模型,在MG-2型三等分辐射式迷宫中进行学习记忆能力的检测后,将大鼠立即断头处死,分别测定大脑皮层、小脑、纹状体、海马、下丘脑五个脑区SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性.结果 D-半乳糖衰老模型大鼠迷宫正确反应率为(58.9±5.4)%,比对照组的(66.8±8.9)%明显降低(P＜0.05).24h后达标次数显著高于对照组[衰老组(29.5±12.8)次,对照组(16.6±6.2)次,P＜0.01],24h正确反应率明显降低于对照组[衰老组(67.3±10.3)%,对照组(79.1±6.9)%,P＜0.01].与对照组比较:皮层、海马、纹状体SOD活性(衰老组:66.12±5.89、80.46±6.57、87.82±6.87;对照组:57.63±4.21、67.46±6.80、68.37±6.52)显著降低(P＜0.05和P＜0.01);CAT活性在皮层、海马、纹状体、下丘脑四个脑区(衰老组:6.45±0.55、5.86±0.35、6.93±0.63、8.89±0.38;对照组:5.32±0.56、4.76±0.38、4.37±0.43、6.11±0.37)均显著降低(P＜0.05和P＜0.01);各脑区GSH-Px活性差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 D-半乳糖衰老模型大鼠学习记忆能力降低.衰老过程中海马、皮层、纹状体、下丘脑的抗氧化酶活性变化与学习记忆密切相关.     

大鼠海马-隔核投射及隔核毁损对海马Ghrelin调控学习记忆的影响

目的 观察大鼠海马神经元向隔核投射,探讨大鼠隔核对海马Ghrelin调控学习记忆能力的影响.方法 采用荧光金(FG)逆行追踪方法,观察大鼠海马神经元向隔区投射;采用立体定向电极毁损大鼠隔核,海马CA1区微量注射Ghrelin,利用跳台实验及Morris水迷宫进行定位航行实验和空间搜索实验,探讨大鼠隔核毁损后海马Ghrelin对大鼠学习记忆的影响.结果 隔核注射FG,7d后可见海马CA1,CA2,CA3区均有大量标记FG的神经元;海马CA1区注射Ghrelin可明显增加大鼠学习记忆能力,表现为跳台实验中大鼠从安全台跳下的潜伏期明显延长[(3.2±0.9)s,(6.9±1.1)s,P＜0.05],5min内大鼠遭受电击次数明显减少[(1.8±0.4)次,(0.8±0.1)次,P＜0.05],Morris水迷宫实验中大鼠找到平台的潜伏期明显缩短[(19.5±3.2)s,(10.5 ±2.1)s,P＜0.05],但隔核毁损后,可明显减弱大鼠认知作用,表现为跳台实验中大鼠从安全台跳下的潜伏期明显缩短[(3.9±0.8)s,(1.8±0.5)s,P＜0.05],5min内大鼠遭受电击次数明显增加[(1.6±0.3)次,(4.0±0.7)次,P＜0.05],Morris水迷宫实验中大鼠找到平台的潜伏期明显延长[(18.0±2.5)s,(32.8±5.5)s,P＜0.05].结论 海马CA1区Ghrelin可提高大鼠学习记忆能力,而该作用可能与隔核-海马间神经通路有关.     

苯并芘对断乳大鼠学习记忆能力的影响及机制研究

目的 探讨不同剂量苯并(a)芘[B(a)P]对断乳大鼠学习记忆能力的影响及其机制.方法 将40只SD断乳大鼠(28d)随机分为5组,空白对照组、溶剂对照组、3个染毒组(浓度分别为5,10和20mg/kg体质量),隔日腹腔染毒30d.染毒结束后用Morris水迷宫试验观察,免疫组化法测定海马组织中N-甲基-D天门冬氨酸受体NR2B亚基(NMDAR2B)和脑源性生长因子(BDNF)含量.结果 Morris水迷宫试验结果显示,随B(a)P染毒剂量的增加,逃避潜伏期呈递减趋势,高剂量组[(62.78 ±47.25)s]与对照组[(40.60 4-38.79)s]相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);跨台次数随染毒剂量的增加逐渐减少,高剂量组[(4.33 ± 2.08)次]与对照组[(11.25 ± 2.63)次]相比.差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);随染毒剂量增加,海马区NMDAR2B灰度值呈递减趋势,高剂量组(150.38 ± 15.34)与对照组(162.23±6.56)相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);BDNF灰度值除低剂量组外呈递减趋势,高剂量组(141.83 ±13.37)与对照组(163.13±8.09)、低剂量组(164.56±9.10)相比均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 亚急性B(a)P暴露可降低断乳大鼠空间学习记忆能力,其机制可能与B(a)P影响海马NMDAR2B和BDNF的表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the changes and mechanism of learning and memory in rats by different doses of benzo (a) pyrene (B(a)P). Methods Forty weaned rats (28 days) were randomly divided into control group (NS), solvent group ( vegetable oil) and three B (a) P dosage groups (the doses were 5,10 and 20 mg / kg body weight respectively ). And all rats were administrated intraperitoneally every other day to one month. The capability of learning and memory in rats were measured by Morris water maze test, and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF) and NMDAR2B content in hippocampus were tested by immunohistochemistry. Results In training of Morris water maze,the average escape latency was extended gradually with increasing dose, and there was a statistically significant difference between high-dose group((62. 78 ±47. 25 )s) and the control group((40.60±38.79)s)(P＜ 0.01). Compared with the control group(11.25 ±2.63), the number of crossplatform of high-dose group(4.33 ±2.08) was statistically reduced (P＜0.05). B(a)P at 10 and 20 mg/kg decreased NMDAR2B and BDNF expression in hippocampus of rats in immunohistochemistry. The level of NMDAR2B was (162.23 ±6.56) in the high-dose group and (150.38 ± 15.34) in the control group(P＜0.05);the expression level of BDNF was (163. 13 ± 8.09) in the high-dose group and (141.83 ± 13.37) in the control group(P＜ 0.05). Conclusion Subacute B(a)P exposure can reduce spatial learning and memory in weaning rats, it may be related to decreased levels of NMDAR2B and BDNF in hippocampus.     

抗郁散对CUMS大鼠中枢递质5-HT和NE的影响

目的：观察抗郁散对慢性不可预见性轻度应激（CUMS）抑郁症模型大鼠行为学及脑内单胺神经递质去甲肾上腺素（NE）和5-羟色胺（5-HT）的影响。方法：将60只清洁级SD雄性大鼠,随机分为空白对照组、模型组、西药氟西汀组、抗郁散大、中、小剂量组,每组10只。其中50只大鼠采用CUMS制备抑郁模型;采用高效液相-电化学检测法（HPLC-ECD）检测脑内5-HT和NE含量的变化,进行统计分析比较。结果：与模型组比较,抗郁散中剂量组的大鼠体重明显增加（P〈0.05）,行为活动明显增多（P〈0.05）,对糖水的偏嗜明显增强（P〈0.05）,脑内单胺神经递质NE和5-HT的含量显著提高（P〈0.05）。结论：抗郁散具有改善CUMS抑郁模型大鼠行为学的特征,明显提高CUMS抑郁模型大鼠脑内单胺神经递质5-HT和NE的含量,提示抗郁散通过提高大鼠脑内单胺神经递质5-HT和NE的含量或活性,从而达到治疗抑郁症的目的。     

纳米氧化铝对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的 观察纳米氧化铝(Al2O3)对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响.方法 将SD大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组,纳米Al2O3低剂量组(1 mg/kg),中剂量组(10 mg/kg),高剂量组(50 mg/kg),每2 d腹腔注射1次,90 d后用Morris水迷宫方法测定大鼠的定位航行和空间探索能力.结果 在定位航行实验的4 d中,纳米Al2O3低、中、高各剂量组平均逃避潜伏期分别为:(9.90±0.57)s,(11.22±6.19)s,(12.50±2.91)s,明显长于对照组[(4.69±1.54)s],差异有显著性(P＜0.05).纳米Al2O3低、中、高各剂量组目标象限游程占总游程百分比分别为(23.05±2.46)%,(22.77±5.17)%,(24.39±5.38)%,显著低于对照组[(34.66±4.57)%,(P＜0.01)].结论 纳米Al2O3能够降低大鼠学习记忆能力.