贝那普利和氯沙坦联合治疗对自发性高血压大鼠左室重构的影响

目的探讨贝那普利和氯沙坦联合应用对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左心室重构的作用。方法48只55周龄SHR随机分组(n=12):空白对照组(SHRC)、贝那普利组(SHRB:10mg/kg·d)、氯沙坦组(SHRL:30mg/kg·d)、合用组(SHRB L:贝那普利10mg/kg·d 氯沙坦15mg/kg·d),另设WKY大鼠为对照组,检测尾动脉压(SBP)。12周后:(1)放射免疫法检测血浆肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、醛固酮(Ald)水平,化学法检测血浆一氧化氮(NO)水平;(2)免疫组化法检测心肌Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原纤维表达;(3)病理及超微结构检测。结果与SHR对照组比较,各药物组尾动脉压显著下降(P<0.01),但用药组间无显著差异(P>0.05);SHR各组间血浆PRA无显著性差异(P>0.05)。SHR对照组血浆AngⅡ低于WKY对照组(P<0.05～0.01),贝那普利组显著降低和氯沙坦组显著升高血浆AngⅡ水平,合用组介于两组之间。与贝那普利组[Ald:(393.9±17.6)pg/mL、NO:(15.2±2.1)μmol/L]、氯沙坦组[Ald:(332.0±17.8)pg/mL、NO:(12.3±1.8)μmol/L]比较,合用组[Ald:(302.4±15.5)pg/mL、NO:(16.5±2.4)μmol/L]更显著的降低血浆Ald和升高NO水平(P<0.01);与贝那普利组(Ⅰ型胶原:6.09±1.12%、Ⅲ型胶原:9.0%±1.2%)、氯沙坦组(Ⅰ型胶原:4.3%±0.7%、Ⅲ型胶原:8.0%±1.3%)比较,合用组(Ⅰ型胶原:2.8%±0.7%、Ⅲ型胶原:6.5%±1.0%)更显著的降低心肌Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原纤维的表达(P<0.01);组织病理及电镜显示,合用组更显著的改善SHR左心室重构。结论贝那普利和氯沙坦均能有效的改善高血压左室重构,二者合用时更为明显。     

贝那普利和氯沙坦联合治疗对自发性高血压大鼠左室重构的影响

目的探讨贝那普利和氯沙坦联合应用对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左心室重构的作用. 方法 48只55周龄SHR随机分组(n=12):空白对照组(SHR-C)、贝那普利组(SHR-B:10 mg/kg·d)、氯沙坦组(SHR-L:30 mg/kg·d)、合用组(SHR-B L:贝那普利10 mg/kg·d 氯沙坦15 mg/kg·d),另设WKY大鼠为对照组,检测尾动脉压(SBP).12周后:(1)放射免疫法检测血浆肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)、醛固酮(Ald)水平,化学法检测血浆一氧化氮(NO)水平;(2)免疫组化法检测心肌Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原纤维表达;(3)病理及超微结构检测.结果与SHR对照组比较,各药物组尾动脉压显著下降(P<0.01),但用药组间无显著差异(P>0.05);SHR各组间血浆PRA无显著性差异(P>0.05).SHR对照组血浆Ang Ⅱ低于WKY对照组(P<0.05～0.01),贝那普利组显著降低和氯沙坦组显著升高血浆Ang Ⅱ水平,合用组介于两组之间.与贝那普利组[Ald:(393.9±17.6)pg/mL、NO:(15.2±2.1)μmol/L]、氯沙坦组[Ald:(332.0±17.8)pg/mL、NO:(12.3±1.8)μmol/L]比较,合用组[Ald:(302.4±15.5)pg/mL、NO:(16.5±2.4)μmol/L]更显著的降低血浆Ald和升高NO水平(P<0.01);与贝那普利组(Ⅰ型胶原:6.09±1.12%、Ⅲ型胶原:9.0%±1.2%)、氯沙坦组(Ⅰ型胶原:4.3%±0.7%、Ⅲ型胶原:8.0%±1.3%)比较,合用组(Ⅰ型胶原:2.8%±0.7%、Ⅲ型胶原:6.5%±1.0%)更显著的降低心肌Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原纤维的表达(P<0.01);组织病理及电镜显示,合用组更显著的改善SHR左心室重构.结论贝那普利和氯沙坦均能有效的改善高血压左室重构,二者合用时更为明显.     

贝那普利阻断RAS系统对自发性高血压大鼠心肌JAK-STAT信号通路的影响

目的探讨贝那普利对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肌组织JAK-STAT信号转导通路及细胞凋亡的影响。方法30周龄WKY大鼠12只,同龄SHR24只,随机分为SHR组,贝那普利组10mg/(kg·d)。RT-PCR法检测AT1mRNA、AT2mRNA表达,免疫组化法检测心肌组织STAT1、STAT3表达及TUNEL末端标记法进行细胞凋亡检测。结果与SHR组比较,贝那普利组AT1mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.01),AT2mRNA表达水平显著增高(P<0.01)。与SHR组比较,贝那普利能降低STAT1表达(P<0.01),升高STAT3表达(P<0.01)。贝那普利组心肌细胞凋亡显著低于SHR组(P<0.01)。结论贝那普利能调节心肌组织JAK-STAT信号转导通路,抑制细胞凋亡,从而发挥其心脏保护作用。     

卡托普利与贝那普利对糖尿病大鼠心肌的保护作用

目的: 探讨卡托普利与贝那普利对糖尿病大鼠心肌的保护作用。方法: 雄性SD大鼠60只随机分为空白对照组(n=15)和糖尿病组(n=45)。糖尿病组用链脲佐菌素(STZ,50 mg/kg)ip建模后,再随机分为糖尿病对照组、卡托普利50 mg/(kg·d)治疗组和贝那普利10 mg/(kg·d)治疗组。灌胃治疗9周后,处死全部大鼠,取心肌组织,用SP免疫组化染色法检测Ⅰ,Ⅲ型胶原的含量及Fas/FasL蛋白的表达率。电镜下观察心肌纤维及胶原的变化。结果: 与空白对照组相比,糖尿病对照组及两个治疗组的心脏指数明显增大(P<0.05);Fas蛋白的表达率及Ⅰ,Ⅲ型胶原的表达增加(P<0.05);FasL蛋白的表达率差异不显著。卡托普利和贝那普利治疗组,上述指标较糖尿病对照组有显著改善;但与贝那普利治疗组相比,卡托普利组心脏指数及Ⅰ,Ⅲ型胶原的含量改善效果较差(P<0.05)。结论: 糖尿病大鼠心肌中,有心肌细胞调亡和心肌间质重构发生。卡托普利与贝那普利可通过降低Fas和Ⅰ,Ⅲ型胶原的表达,明显改善心脏功能,但二者的效果稍有差别。     

小剂量贝那普利联合螺内酯对自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化的干预作用及超声背向散射积分评价

目的观察小剂量贝那普利联合螺内酯对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左室心肌纤维化的影响,并应用超声背向散射积分(IBS)进行评价。方法21只雄性SHR随机分成模型对照组(SHR组)、贝那普利干预组[SHR-B组,贝那普利10mg/(kg·d)灌胃]及小剂量贝那普利联合螺内酯干预组[SHR-BS组,贝那普利5mg/(kg.d)+螺内酯10mg/(kg·d)灌胃],另外选择同周龄雄性Wistar大鼠设为正常对照组(WKY组),SHR组及WKY组蒸馏水灌胃2mL/d。12周后超声测量IBS参数[峰-峰强度(PPI);平均图像强度(AII)];对心肌组织进行羟脯氨酸含量(HPC)测定,Masson染色计算胶原容积分数(CVF)、血管周围胶原面积(PVCA)、冠状小动脉管壁厚/管外径比值(T/D),嗜银染色计算嗜银纤维容积分数(APFVF),对结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)蛋白表达的半定量分析进行免疫组织化学染色。结果与WKY组比较,SHR组的超声AII%明显增高,PPI减低,SHR组的纤维化指标(HPC、CVF、PVCA、T/D、APFVF、CTGF的表达)增高。干预后,与SHR组比较AII%减低,PPI增高,纤维化指标减轻...     

氯沙坦并贝那普利对高血压性心脏病患者心功能康复的疗效

目的:探讨氯沙坦并贝那普利对高血压性心脏病患者收缩功能康复的疗效。方法:91例高血压性心脏病伴收缩功能不全患者随机分为氯沙坦和贝那普利联合治疗组(联合组,61例),贝那普利对照组(30例)。联合组口服氯沙坦50～100 mg／d,贝那普利10 mg／d,地高辛0．125～0．25 mg／d等。贝那普利对照组用药除无氯沙坦外余同联合治疗组。6个月为一疗程。测超声心动图心收缩功能指标(LVEDV、LVESV、LVEF、CO)及左室内径(LVID)。结果:联合治疗3个月后,LVEDV、LVESV、LVEF、CO、LVID呈极显著改善(P<0．01),较对照组显著改善 (P<0．01)。对照组上述指标治疗3个月改变不明显(P>0．05)。联合组临床疗效总有效率95．08％,极显著优于对照组(66．67％),P<0．01。结论:氯沙坦并贝那普利可改善心脏重构,对心脏收缩功能的康复具有重要意义。     

miRNA-195、贝那普利与自发性高血压大鼠主动脉重构

目的　观察自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）的主动脉形态结构及其表达miRNA-195水平的变化,以及贝那普利干预对其影响。方法　8周龄雄性SHR及Wistar大鼠,随机分为SHR对照组、SHR贝那普利组（SHR干预组）、Wistar对照组、Wistar贝那普利组（Wistar干预组）,SHR干预组和Wistar干预组大鼠予贝那普利10　mg/（kg·d）干预,8周后,测定各组大鼠尾动脉血压,HE染色检测大鼠主动脉结构形态,实时荧光定量PCR检测大鼠主动脉miRNA-195表达,Western　blot检测大鼠主动脉转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）、Smad3蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原（COL-Ⅰ）和Ⅲ型胶原（COL-　Ⅲ）蛋白表达水平。结果　贝那普利干预8周后,SHR干预组大鼠尾动脉收缩压及舒张压均显著低于SHR对照组（P<0.01）,高于Wistar对照组（P<0.01）。SHR干预组大鼠主动脉miRNA-195表达高于SHR对照组、Wistar干预组及Wistar对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;SHR干预组大鼠主动脉TGF-β1和Smad3蛋白表达低于SHR对照组（P<0.05）,但高于Wistar干预组（P<0.01）;SHR干预组大鼠主动脉COL-Ⅰ和COL-Ⅲ表达低于SHR对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）,但高于Wistar干预组（P<0.01）;SHR干预组大鼠主动脉内中膜结构较SHR对照组改善,但未能恢复到Wistar对照组水平。结论　贝那普利干预可改善SHR主动脉重构,这一作用可能与miRNA-195抑制TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路有关。     

超声评价贝那普利与氯沙坦联合应用对自发性高血压大鼠心功能的影响

目的超声评价贝那普利或氯沙坦单用与合用对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心脏结构及功能的影响。方法选用55周龄WKY12只,同龄SHR48只,随机分为SHR对照组,贝那普利组(10mg·kg-1·d-1),氯沙坦组(30mg·kg-1·d-1),贝那普利(10mg·kg-1·d-1)+氯沙坦(15mg·kg-1·d-1)组。监测动脉收缩压及体重、心率等基础指标;超声心动图进行左室腔径各指标测量及二尖瓣血流频谱分析;比较各组大鼠的左心室质量指数(LVMI);光镜观察心肌组织结构改变。结果各药物干预组SHR的收缩压低于SHR对照组(P<0.01);各用药组能不同程度降低LVPW、IVS和升高LVEDD值(P<0.01),且能不同程度升高LVEF、E/A值(P<0.01),均以药物合用组更为显著(P<0.01);另外,各用药组均能改善心肌细胞的排列、肥大、凋亡及坏死,改善程度:药物合用组>氯沙坦组>贝那普利组。结论贝那普利和氯沙坦联合治疗SHR对其心脏结构和功能的改善作用优于单用。     

贝那普利与氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠的心肌保护作用

目的观察贝那普利与氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡、纤维化的干预效果,探讨两者对糖尿病大鼠心肌保护的作用机制。方法将40只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组(n=10)和糖尿病模型组(n=30),糖尿病模型组用链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射建模,成功后再随机分为糖尿病对照组(n=10)、贝那普利治疗组(n=10)和氯沙坦治疗组(n=10)。贝那普利治疗组给予贝那普利10 mg/(kg·d)灌胃,氯沙坦治疗组给予氯沙坦20 mg/(kg·d)灌胃,糖尿病对照组和空白对照组给予相同体积的生理盐水灌胃。给药9周后,观察各组心肌细胞凋亡、心肌组织Fas蛋白表达,Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型胶原含量,血清转化生长因子-β_1(TGF-β_1)、基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1(TIMP-1)蛋白表达的变化。结果与空白对照组比较,糖尿病对照组血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的含量明显增多(P0.05),Fas蛋白表达率、凋亡指数明显升高(P0.05),心肌细胞凋亡明显增多;Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量明显增多(P0.05),存在间质纤维化,同时TGF-β_1、TIMP-1蛋白表达增多(P0.05),MMP-1表达减少(P0.05)。与糖尿病对照组比较,贝那普利治疗组和氯沙坦治疗组Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型胶原含量明显减少(P0.05),TGF-β_1、TIMP-1蛋白表达减少(P0.05),MMP-1表达增多(P0.05);Fas蛋白表达率、凋亡指数明显降低(P0.05),贝那普利治疗组AngⅡ的含量明显减低(P0.05),氯沙坦治疗组AngⅡ的含量升高但差异无统计学意义。贝那普利治疗组与氯沙坦治疗组组间Fas蛋白表达率、凋亡指数及各项纤维化指标比较差异无统计学意义。结论糖尿病大鼠的心肌细胞凋亡明显增加,间质纤维化增加。贝那普利和氯沙坦均能抑制心肌细胞的凋亡和间质纤维化。     

慢性心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞凋亡与心功能的关系及福辛普利和氯沙坦的干预作用

目的:探讨心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞凋亡与心功能的关系及福辛普利和氯沙坦的干预作用。方法:雌性SD大鼠行左前降支结扎术致急性心肌梗死,术后4周行多普勒超声心动图检测,成功制作慢性心力衰竭(左心室射血分数≤0．45)大鼠36只,随机分成:福辛普利组(50 mg／kg·d,n=12);氯沙坦组(30 mg／kg·d,n=12);生理盐水组(1 mL／d,n=12)。另设假手术组(n=8)不结扎冠状动脉。治疗8周后,再次行超声心动图检测。原位末端标记法(TUNEL)和脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)梯形谱(DNA ladder)检测心肌细胞凋亡。结果:3组心力衰竭大鼠DNA电泳均显示凋亡特征性DNA ladder。与假手术组比较,生理盐水组各项心功能指标显著下降,凋亡指数显著升高(P<0．05)。与生理盐水组比较,福辛普利组和氯沙坦组各项心功能指标显著改善,福辛普利组(P<0．05)和氯沙坦组(P<0．05)凋亡指数显著降低。左心室射血分数与临近梗塞区心肌凋亡细胞数量之间呈负相关关系(r=-0．754,P<0．001)。结论:心肌细胞凋亡与心力衰竭时心功能不断恶化相关。福辛普利和氯沙坦能抑制心肌细胞凋亡并改善左心室收缩功能。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Pylorus preservation has been advocated to decrease the morbidity associated with the classical or standard pancreaticoduodenectomy. The proposed advantages are decreased incidence of peptic ulceration, dumping syndrome, and nutritional problems. However, after an initial period of enthusiasm for the procedure, it is now being found that marginal ulceration at the duodenojejunal anastomosis is encountered with increasing frequency. Delay in gastric emptying occurs frequently, with an overall incidence of 30%. With the availability of better pancreatic enzyme supplements, the current incidence of nutritional problems and weight loss after the standard Whipple procedure is unknown. Whether there is a difference in long-term survival after the two procedures performed for adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas is still debatable. A controlled trial is needed to answer many of these questions, and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy should be used cautiously until further data become available.