HIV-1 HXB2株蛋白酶的原核表达、纯化及其Gag蛋白CAP2NC的切割活性分析

目的:原核表达、纯化HIV-1型HXB2株蛋白酶(protease,PR),用于对HIV-1 Gag P2/NC蛋白酶切割位点序列随机突变的噬菌体展示文库的切割筛选及构建新的蛋白酶抑制剂(protease inhibitor,PI)类药物体外筛选模型.方法:根据HIV-1 HXB2株PR DNA序列设计引物,在PR序列上游添加自切割位点MGTVSFNF 8个氨基酸编码获得PR107 DNA编码序列,将PR107 DNA克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a,序列测定后转化大肠杆菌BL21 DE3进行诱导表达.表达产物经用Ni-NTA亲和柱纯化,经复性后,进行靶蛋白CAP2NC切割试验,SDS-PAGE检测切割结果.结果:成功合成了使用大肠杆菌偏好密码子的HIV-1 PR107的DNA编码序列,序列测定显示其编码氨基酸序列与原始序列完全一致;成功构建了HIV-1 PR原核表达质粒pET32a-PR107,转化大肠杆菌BL21 DE3经IPTG诱导后,表达出相对分子质量为30 000的HIV-1 PR融合蛋白,纯化的目的蛋白浓度为2.54 mg/ml;纯化蛋白经复性后具有对底物蛋白CAP2NC的切割活性,该作用能被PI药物抑制.结论:成功构建大肠杆菌偏好密码子带自切割位点的HIV-1 PR原核表达载体pET32a-PR107,在大肠杆菌中表达,经纯化复性获得了具有切割活性的HIV-1 PR融合蛋白.     

硫氧还蛋白-(His)6融合的瑞替普酶的表达、纯化和活性检测

目的:构建硫氧还蛋白-(His)6-瑞替普酶融合表达载体,提高瑞替普酶在大肠杆菌中的表达量,简化rPA的分离纯化.方法:将rPA基因克隆于原核表达载体pET32a硫氧还蛋白-(组氨酸)6标签下游,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中用乳糖进行诱导表达.采用一步稀释法对融合蛋白体外复性后,使用Ni2 亲和层析柱,对包涵体复性液进行初步纯化.采用体外溶圈法对复性后和纯化后的融合蛋白进行生物活性的测定.结果:得到分子量约为56 kDa的融合蛋白,表达量达到总蛋白的30%以上.比本实验室构建的非融合表达载体表达量提高了约50%.经过一步Ni2 亲和层析,融合蛋白纯度达到80%以上.体外溶圈法实验表明融合蛋白复性后和纯化后具有溶栓活性.结论:与非融合表达相比,融合表达的表达量明显提高.即使N端额外融合一段融合多肽,rPA仍然具有生物学活性.     

颗粒溶素的表达纯化及生物学活性分析

目的:采用原核表达系统对颗粒溶素(granulysin,GNLY)进行体外表达,纯化及活性鉴定.方法:以体外培养的人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)为模板,RT-PCR扩增编码GNLY的cDNA片段,插入pMD-18-T 载体,测序正确后再亚克隆到质粒pET28a( ) 中,构建重组表达质粒pET28a( )-GNLY,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3) plysS,IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白,包涵体经变复性后用Ni亲和层析纯化,CFU法测定蛋白活性.结果:成功地将GNLY cDNA片段插入载体pET28a( )中,构建了表达质粒pET28a( )-GNLY.经诱导在原核表达系统中以包涵体形式高效表达了相对分子质量为9 000的融合蛋白,变复性纯化后的GNLY蛋白经CFU法检测,发现其具有细胞毒活性且细胞毒作用具有剂量依赖性.结论:本实验利用原核表达系统成功地表达了具有生物学活性的GNLY,为研究其功能、作用机制及临床应用奠定了基础.     

人MMP-11原核表达载体pGEX-5X-3/MMP-11的构建及其融合蛋白的表达和纯化

目的构建表达人基质金属蛋白酶-11(MMP-11)N-端肽段的重组原核表达载体pGEX-5X-3/MMP-11,获得人源性MMP-11融合蛋白。方法应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)从正常人子宫内膜组织扩增目的基因片段,利用体外基因重组技术将目的基因片段连接到原核表达载体pGEX-5X-3上构成重组的原核表达载体pGEX-5X-3/MMP-11,并通过酶切和测序进行鉴定。将重组质粒转化入大肠杆菌DH5α后挑选阳性克隆,用异丙基硫代半乳糖苷诱导其融合蛋白的表达并进行纯化。结果RT-PCR获得预期大小的特异性DNA片段,经双酶切鉴定及测序证实已将人基质金属蛋白酶-11N-端肽段的cDNA片段正确插入原核表达载体中。融合表达产物经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定,证实相对分子量大小为4550。结论成功构建了表达人MMP-11N-端肽段的重组原核表达载体pGEX-5X-3/MMP-11,获得相对分子量为4550的GST-MMP-11融合蛋白,为进一步制备抗人MMP-11抗体及其在临床中进一步推广应用于恶性肿瘤的快速诊断及临床疗效的评价奠定了基础。     

人白细胞介素-17F基因克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的 克隆人白细胞介素-17F基因，并构建含有该目的基因的重组原核表达载体，获得高效表达hIL-17F的基因工程菌。方法 利用RT-PCR法，以PHA活化的人外周血单个核细胞的总RNA为模板，扩增出hIL-17FFeDNA的编码序列，并分别亚克隆至pUCm-T载体和原核表达载体pGEX．5X-3中，进行PCR、酶切鉴定和DNA序列测定。将重组原核表达载体转化感受态大肠杆菌B121后经IPTG诱导表达获得包涵体融合蛋白，且Western印迹鉴定。结果 PCR产物大小及其单酶切鉴定均证明所克隆的基因是hIL-17F，DNA序列测定进一步证实与GeneBank报道的序列完全一致。成功构建了重组原核表达载体pGEX-5X．3／hIL-17F，并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达，约占菌体总蛋白的55％，且Western印迹证实确为目的蛋白。结论 该基因系国内首次克隆，hIL-17F基因重组体的构建和在大肠杆菌BL21中的高效表达，为进一步探讨其生物学活性和应用奠定了基础。     

迁移侵袭抑制蛋白MIIP的GST融合蛋白表达及生物学活性鉴定

目的构建人MIIP蛋白与谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)重组的融合蛋白原核表达载体并进行表达及生物学活性鉴定。方法 RT-PCR扩增得到人MIIP基因全长编码序列,采用重组DNA技术将其克隆至原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1,构建获得重组原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1-MIIP,经酶切鉴定及测序验证完全正确后,将其转化至大肠杆菌BL21细胞中,用异丙基硫代-β-D半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达,经纯化获得目的蛋白,用Western blot鉴定所得融合蛋白。结果构建了pGEX-4T-1-MIIP原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌中表达获得了GST-MIIP融合蛋白,经Glutathione Agarose纯化和Western blot检测,证实所得GST-MIIP融合蛋白具有生物学活性。结论成功获得了有生物学活性的GST-MIIP融合蛋白。     

人可溶性CD83基因的克隆、原核表达和纯化

目的:构建人可溶性CD83基因原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中表达和纯化.方法:利用反转录PCR方法从正常人外周血单个核细胞中获得可溶性CD83基因,克隆到表达载体pET-32a载体,构成重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达6×His融合蛋白,并经SDS-PAGE及Western blot检测和鉴定.表达产物包涵体经Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化.结果:经酶切鉴定及测序证实可溶性CD83蛋白基因的原核表达载体构建正确.经SDS-PAGE及Western blot显示在M,约32 000处出现融合表达条带.融合蛋白的表达量约占菌体蛋白总量的45%.重组蛋白经Ni-NTA亲和层析进行纯化后,得到了高纯度的融合蛋白.结论:成功克隆人外周血单个核细胞来源的可溶性CD83基因片段,并在大肠杆菌B121(DE3)中高效表达,亲和层析纯化后获得高纯度融合蛋白.     

GST-hPBD融合蛋白的克隆、表达及活化Rac1蛋白的分析

目的:制备GST-hPBD融合蛋白,探讨活化的Rac1在血管内皮细胞中的表达. 方法:采用RT-PCR方法克隆与活化Rac1相结合的hPBD基因片段,构建pGEX-2T/hPBD原核表达载体,并纯化GST-hPBD融合蛋白;应用pull down测定血管内皮细胞中活化Rac1的蛋白表达. 结果:基因测序证实原核表达载体pGEX-2T/hPBD序列正确,并在大肠杆菌中高效表达,纯化得到纯度约75% GST-hPBD融合蛋白,其Mr为36 000;进一步分析证实血管内皮细胞可表达活化的Rac1蛋白. 结论:成功构建了人pGEX-2T/hPBD原核表达载体,纯化了GST-hPBD融合蛋白,并检测到血管内皮细胞中活化Rac1蛋白的表达.     

表皮生长因子受体蛋白酪氨酸激酶的表达、纯化及活性测定

目的:采用原核表达体系对表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)受体型酪氨酸激酶(recep-tor tyrosine kinase,RTK)进行体外表达、纯化及活性鉴定.方法:以包含EGFR cDNA的pRK5质粒为模板,PCR选择扩增编码EGFR-RTK的cDNA片段,插入pQE30质粒后转染大肠杆菌M15.IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白,包涵体蛋白经复性后亲和层析法纯化,ELISA方法测定蛋白活性.结果:成功地将933 bp的EGFR-RTK cDNA片段插入载体pQE30中,构建了表达载体pQE30-RTK.经诱导在原核表达系统中以包涵体形式高效表达了相对分子质量为37 000的EGFR-RTK融合蛋白,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的65.2%.复性、纯化后的EGFR-RTK蛋白经ELISA检测,结果发现随着加入蛋白量的增加,酶促反应产物磷酸化酪氨酸的量也逐渐增加,两者具有线性关系.结论:本实验成功地利用原核表达系统表达了具有生物学活性的EGFR-RTK,较传统的昆虫细胞表达系统更为简便、经济.     

巢蛋白样结构域蛋白的表达?纯化与鉴定

目的:重组构建原核表达载体以正确表达巢蛋白样结构域(nidogen domains,NIDO)蛋白,并进一步纯化与鉴定?方法:PCR法拼接NIDO基因,经T-A连接亚克隆至pMD19-T载体,测序鉴定?采用质粒抽提?纯化?酶切?连接?感受态细胞制备和转化等技术,构建并鉴定原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1-NIDO?药物诱导方式诱导NIDO-GST融合蛋白的表达?对表达产物进行分离,用SDS-PAGE检测上清与包涵体沉淀中目的蛋白的表达量?对包涵体进行变性和透析复性后,进行GST亲和层析纯化?采用SDS-PAGE和质谱分析,鉴定纯化的目的蛋白?结果:测序证实了NIDO基因的正确合成和pMD19-T-NIDO克隆载体的构建?原核表达系统pGEX-4T-1-NIDO构建成功,在大肠杆菌BL21中被诱导,获得高表达量的N-末端带有GST标签序列的重组融合表达蛋白(30%)?超声裂菌法分离的结果显示,目的蛋白在菌体沉淀中以包涵体形式居多?将包涵体变性?复性后用GST亲和层析纯化,纯化蛋白> 80%并经质谱鉴定证实?结论:成功构建原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1-NIDO,能正确表达NIDO-GST融合蛋白,GST亲和层析对于NIDO-GST融合蛋白有较好的纯化效果?     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.