心肌纤维化病理染色鉴定方法的综合评价

目的 观察比较苏木精-伊红染色法（hematoxylin and eosin staining,HE staining）、Masson染色法和苦味酸-天狼猩红染色法（picric sirius red staining,PSR staining）在评价心肌纤维化的各自特征及优缺点。方法 20只SD大鼠予以盐酸异丙肾上腺素（isoprenaline,ISO）制备心肌纤维化模型,以5mg/（kg·d）于同一时间段注射,持续3周。取大鼠心脏组织行HE染色、Masson染色以及PSR染色,置于显微镜下观察纤维化面积及胶原沉积特点,并比较Masson染色和PSR染色纤维化面积所占心肌总面积比重。结果 3种染色方法均可显示心肌纤维化面积,Masson染色和PSR染色所示纤维化面积差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;PSR染色后进一步行免疫荧光染色能够明确区分Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原纤维的表达,然而Masson染色和HE染色则不能区分。结论 PSR染色法结合免疫荧光技术较Masson染色法和HE染色法,能够更好的评价心肌纤维化程度及胶原纤维类型,对于心肌纤维化的治疗及预防具有重要意义。     

丹参对自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化的逆转作用及其机制研究

为探讨丹参对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）心肌纤维化的作用及其可能机制，以WKY大鼠为阴性对照，SHR大鼠为SHR阳性对照，观察丹参对SHR收缩压、胶原含量及心脏左心室醛固酮（ALD）、NO、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量影响。结果显示：丹参组除收缩压（SBP）明显高于WKY组与SHR组无明显区别外，左室Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原及ALD含量明显低于SHR组，而明显高于WKY组；NO、SOD含量则明显高于SHR组，但仍明显低于WKY组（P＜0.05)。结果提示：丹参具有预防和逆转自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化作用，其机制可能与抑制胶原合成，促进心脏局部胶原分解、抑制心肌局部醛固酮生成、改善心肌血液供应、调节氧自由基代谢等多方面的作用有关。     

丹参对自发性高血压大鼠心肌I和Ⅲ型胶原及局部醛固酮的影响

目的：了解丹参对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）心肌纤维化的阻遏作用及其可能机制一抑制心脏局部醛固酮的作用。方法：实验用WKY大鼠做阴性对照，SHR大鼠分为SHR对照组和丹参治疗组。药物组经灌胃12周后，观察左心室重量指数（LVMI）；采用免疫组织化学方法观察左室心肌中的Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的改变，用放免法测定心脏局部醛固酮含量。结果：SHR组LVMI、I型和Ⅲ型胶原含量及心脏局部醛固酮较WKY组显著升高（P＜0．05），而丹参治疗组各指标均较SHR对照组明显下降（P＜0．05）。结论：丹参具有预防和逆转自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化作用，其机制可能与抑制心脏局部醛固酮作用有关。     

自发性高血压大鼠TGFβ1/ Smad7通路与心室纤维化的关系

 [目的]探讨自发性高血压大鼠心室纤维化过程中TGFβ1和其下游分子smad7蛋白的表达规律。[方法]雄性自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）14只随机分为2组，SHR 22周龄组和SHR 14周龄组，另14只WKY大鼠也分为WKY大鼠22周龄组和WKY大鼠14周龄组。在实验动物14周龄和22周龄时，分别测定血压、心室质量指数；以氯胺T法测定心肌羟脯氨酸的含量，免疫组化测定Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原在心肌组织中的表达水平；RT-PCR和Western-blot测定心肌中TGFβ1和其下游分子smad7的表达。[结果]自发性高血压大鼠在14周龄和22周龄时收缩压都显著高于同龄的WKY大鼠（P<0.001），同时22周龄SHR的收缩压也比14周龄明显升高(P<0.001)。与SHR14周龄组相比，SHR22周龄组的心室质量指数、心肌羟脯氨酸的含量、Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原均明显增加（P<0.01）；在mRNA 水平或蛋白水平，心肌中的TGFβ1的表达上调，smad7的表达下调。[结论]在一定的时间窗内，自发性高血压大鼠血压的升高及心肌纤维化随着病程的进展而发展，同时伴随着TGFβ1的表达上调，smad7的表达下调。     

自发性高血压大鼠心肌Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的表达以及厄贝沙坦和咪哒普利的影响

目的：探讨自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）左心室肌Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的表达以及咪哒普利、厄贝沙坦的影响。方法：选用13周龄的SHR30只．随机分为3组，分别设SHR组、厄贝沙坦组和咪哒普利组。另选同源同系WKY大鼠10只．作为正常对照组。观察指标：血压、左室重量，体（LVW／BW）、左室厚度，体重；心肌Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白水平。结果：SHR组血压、LVW／BW与左室厚度，体重均增高．心肌Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的表达明显增加；咪哒普利组、厄贝沙坦组血压均比SHR组低，心肌Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的表达降低．咪哒普利组Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的表达降低更明显。结论：咪哒普利、厄贝沙坦可以良好地控制血压、降低LVW／BW、左室厚度，体重以及SHR左心室肌Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的表达；二者都有抗心肌纤维化作用，因而都可以逆转SHR心肌的左室肥厚：在抗心肌纤维化方面．咪哒普利的作用优于厄贝沙坦。     

贝那普利对年轻自发性高血压大鼠左室心肌胶原的影响

目的探讨贝那普利对年轻自发性高血压大鼠左室心肌间质及血管周围胶原影响及其机制。方法16只自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）投币法随机分为模型组（n=8）、贝那普利治疗组（n=8）。7只WKY大鼠为正常血压大鼠组。治疗组给予贝那普利［10mg/（kg&#183;d）］灌胃,1次/日,其余两组蒸馏水灌胃。治疗12周后,颈动脉插管,测颈动脉收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）;血清及左室心肌组织血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度（AngⅡ）,应用苦味酸-天狼猩红染色法,计算机图像分析软件分析左室心肌组织切片胶原容积分数（CVF）和心肌小动脉周围胶原面积与小动脉管腔面积比（PVCA/LA）,观察血管周围胶原;用偏光显微镜观察并分析Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ胶原,计算Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原比值,观察左室心肌间质胶原。结果治疗12周后,模型组颈动脉SBP、DBP、左室AngⅡ、CVF、PVCA/LA及Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原比值均显著高于正常血压大鼠（WKY）对照组（P〈0.01）;而贝那普利治疗组各指标与模型组比较,均显著性下降（P〈0.01）,有效降低SHR的SBP、DBP,CVF、PVCA、Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原,降低心肌局部AngⅡ表达,可预防SHR心肌纤维化。结论早期应用贝那普利治疗降低SHR心肌胶原,可预防心肌纤维化的形成,机制可能与降低心肌局部AngⅡ表达有关。     

牛磺酸对心肌肥厚纤维化大鼠Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原mRNA表达的影响

目的研究牛磺酸对异丙肾上腺素引起的大鼠心肌肥厚纤维化的治疗作用。方法实验分3组,（异丙肾上腺素）Iso组予以皮下注射异丙肾上腺素0.5 mg/（kg.d）,连续10天;牛磺酸组（Iso＋Tau组）予以牛磺酸灌胃300 mg/（kg.d）及异丙肾上腺素皮下注射（同Iso组）;正常对照组皮下注射等量生理盐水。于实验第10、30天处死大鼠取材,测定心重系数、左心室质量指数,RT-PCR对Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原mRNA进行半定量测定。结果小剂量异丙肾上腺素可致左心室重量增加,使得Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原mRNA表达升高,而牛磺酸可以减少其表达,并降低心重系数和左心室指数。结论牛磺酸可以缓解异丙肾上腺素引起的大鼠心肌肥厚和纤维化。     

去肾交感神经术对大鼠急性心肌梗死后心室重构的影响

目的 对急性心肌梗死（myocardial infarction,MI）大鼠进行双侧肾交感神经切除,探讨去肾交感神经术（renal sympathetic denervation,RDN）能否缓解MI后心室重构并进行可能的机制探讨。方法 结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支构建MI模型,实验分组为：MI组（n=10）、MI+RDN组（MI建模1周后进行RDN,n=10）和假手术组（n=10）。MI建模4周后对各组大鼠进行超声心动图检查测定心室重构程度和左心功能,对梗死边缘区心肌进行Masson染色观察心肌纤维化程度,免疫组化检测Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原和转化生长因子 β₁（transforming growth factor β₁,TGF-β₁）的表达。结果 与MI组相比,MI+RDN组的左室射血分数（ejection fraction,EF）和短轴缩短率（fractional shortening,FS）升高,左室收缩末期内径（left ventricular internal dimensions at end systole,LLüIDS）和左室舒张末期内径（left ventricular internal dimensions at end diastole,LLüIDD）减少（P均<0.05）。心肌Masson染色结果显示,MI+RDN组大鼠梗死边缘区的心肌纤维化程度较MI组减轻。免疫组化检测显示,与MI组相比,MI+RDN组大鼠梗死边缘区的Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原和TGF-β₁表达减少（P均<0.05）。结论 RDN可以改善MI大鼠心室重构,提高左心收缩功能,其机制可能与局部下调心肌TGF-β₁表达进而减少Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅲ型胶原沉积有关。     

放射性心脏“炎性-纤维化”损伤大鼠模型的建立与评估

目的 从炎性-纤维化病理损伤角度出发筛选优化造模条件,构建放射性心脏损伤（RIHD）动物模型。方法 通过X线单次全身照射大鼠获得最大耐受剂量,以该剂量为依据进行心脏局部性单次照射,筛选能引起大鼠心脏显著炎性-纤维化病理损伤的最小X线剂量。以筛选得到的X线剂量进行大鼠心脏局部单次照射,构建RIHD大鼠模型。于照射后1 d、1周、2周、4周、6周取材,检测大鼠心脏病理损伤评分、Masson染色心肌胶原容积分数（CVF）、血浆心肌酶水平、心肌组织炎性因子和纤维化因子的表达,评价动物模型。结果 大鼠全身照射耐受剂量低于16 Gy;大鼠心脏局部照射剂量不低于25 Gy时能引起显著的炎性-纤维化病理损伤,是RIHD大鼠模型的构建条件。以25 Gy心脏局部单次X线照射剂量构建大鼠RIHD模型,照射后大鼠心脏病理损伤评分、心肌CVF增高,血浆肌酸激酶同工酶MB（CK-MB）、心肌肌钙蛋白（cTn）水平增高;心肌组织核因子κB（NF-κB）p65、NF-κB p50和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）等炎性因子在X线照射后第1天开始出现高表达,并持续至第4周;心肌组织转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（ColⅠ）和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白（ColⅢ）等纤维化分子表达呈渐进性升高的趋势,第4周达峰值。结论 采用25 Gy X线心脏局部单次照射可构建稳定的炎性-纤维化RIHD模型。病理观察和CVF能动态反映RIHD模型大鼠早期炎性病理变化和随时间渐进性的纤维化病理进程,炎性因子NF-κB p65、NF-κB p50、TNF-α的早期持续高表达及纤维化因子TGF-β1、ColⅠ、Col Ⅲ的渐进性升高可评价RIHD动物模型的急性炎性损伤和纤维化迟发效应。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.