氯诺昔康注射液的HPLC测定

建立了HPLC法测定氯诺昔康注射液的含量和有关物质.色谱柱为Shimadzu VIP-ODS柱,流动相为0.05mol/L乙酸钠溶液(pH 6.0)-甲醇(45:55),检测波长379nm.线性范围为9.6～22.4μg/ml(r=0.9999).回收率100.1%～101.1%,检测限为8.13ng/ml.     

自动柱切换高效液相色谱法同时测定血浆中的SMZ和TMP

应用自制自动柱切换装置建立了同时测定SMZ及TMP血药浓度的HPLC方法.采用μBondapak C 18(50mm×4.6mm.37～50μm)为预处理柱,水为预处理流动相.分析柱为Hypersil BDS C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)柱,分析流动相为甲醇:磷酸缓冲液=35:65.检测波长230nm.SMZ和TMP分别在2.5～80μg/ml及0.125～4μg/ml范围内线性良好(r_1=0.999 7,r_2=0.9998).平均方法回收率分别为98.59%及95.71%;日内精密度分别为2.11%及2.67%,日间精密度分别为2.51%及2.89%;两者的最低血浆检测浓度可达SMZO.1μg/ml,TMPO.02μg/ml.方法迅速、简便、灵敏.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定注射用克林霉素磷酸酯的含量

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定注射用克林霉素磷酸酯的含量.色谱条件色谱柱为C18柱流动相为0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(用85%磷酸溶液调节pH值为5.0)-乙腈(8020);检测波长为210 nm;流量为1 ml/min.线形范围0.05～0.8 mg/ml,r=0.9999;平均加样回收率为100.1%,RSD为0.33%.该方法简便、准确、重复性良好.     

反相离子对高效液相色谱梯度洗脱测定复方硝酸益康唑乳膏含量

目的　建立复方硝酸益康唑乳膏含量测定的方法。方法　色谱柱为辛烷基硅烷键合硅胶柱(L i Chrospher C8柱 ,5 μm,4 .6 mm× 2 5 0 mm) ,检测波长 2 2 7nm,采用 A相 (85 %磷酸溶液 1ml,加无水己烷磺酸钠 0 .94 g,溶于 72 0 ml水中 ,加乙腈 14 0 ml,异丙醇 14 0 ml) - B相 (85 %磷酸溶液 1ml,加无水己烷磺酸钠0 .94 g,溶于 10 0 ml水中 ,加甲醇 90 0 ml)为流动相进行线性梯度洗脱 (A相起始比例为 10 0 % ,2 5 min内 B相上升为 10 0 % ,保持该比例至硝酸益康唑完全洗脱 ) ,流速为 1ml/ min,柱温为 4 0℃ ,进样量为 2 0 μl,内标物质为对羟基苯甲酸乙酯。结果　硝酸益康唑在 0 .3～ 0 .8mg/ ml,曲安奈德在 0 .3～ 0 .8mg/ ml,苯甲酸在 0 .0 6～0 .16 mg/ ml范围内 ,浓度与其峰面积均呈良好线性关系 (r=0 .9999,n=6 ) ,平均回收率分别为硝酸益康唑10 1.5 % ,曲安奈德 10 0 .3% ,苯甲酸 98.8%。结论　本法快速、准确 ,可同时测定复方硝酸益康唑乳膏中硝酸益康唑、曲安奈德、苯甲酸的含量。     

阿托伐他汀钙自微乳的HPLC测定

建立了HPLC法测定阿托伐他汀钙自微乳制剂含量.采用C18色谱柱,乙腈-0.05%乙酸(65:35)为流动相,检测波长248nm,流速1.0ml/min.检测限0.12μg/ml.线性范围1～100μg/ml(r=0.9998),回收率为98.9%～99.5%.     

HPLC法测定注射用阿奇霉素的含量

目的:建立了HPLC法测定注射用阿奇霉素的含量.方法:采用ODS柱,以0.06mol/L磷酸氢二钾溶液(10mol/ml氢氧化钾溶液调节pH至9.0)-乙腈(35:65)为流动相,柱温:40℃;流速为1.0ml/min,检测波长为215nm.结果:阿奇霉素的线性范围为10～50μg/ml,平均回收率为99.7%(RSD=0.28%).结论:本方法准确、快速、简便.     

RP-HPLC测定加替沙星滴眼液的含量

目的 建立测定加替沙星滴眼液含量的高效液相色谱法.方法 采用Hypersil ODS C18柱(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)为色谱柱,流动相为1%三乙胺溶液(磷酸调pH至4.5)-乙腈(86:14,v/v),流速为0.9 ml/min,检测波长325 nm,柱温50℃.结果 加替沙星线性范围为7.5-240 μg/ml,r=0.9999;平均回收率为99.7%,RSD=0.40%.结论 该方法简便、快速、灵敏,可作为该制剂含量测定.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定天麻胶囊中天麻素含量

本文采用反相高效液相色谱法测定天麻胶囊中天麻素的含量.色谱柱:岛津Shim-pack CLC-ODS柱,150mm×4.6mm.流动相:0.005mol/L磷酸二氢钠和磷酸氢二钾水溶液,流速1.0ml/min,检测波长220mm.结果表明天麻素在0.125mg/ml～2.5mg/ml范围内峰面积与浓度成良好线性关系,回收率为97.63%～102.73%,RSD为0.95%～2.33%(n=5).本法简便、准确,可用于该制剂的质量控制.     

RP-HPLC测定妇炎宁合剂中芍药苷的含量

目的建立了测定妇炎宁合剂中芍药苷含量的反相高效液相色谱法.方法色谱柱为Diamonsil-C18柱,甲醇-0.05 mol/L KH2PO4(30∶65)为流动相,流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长230 nm,柱温为室温.结果芍药苷在0.0234-0.234 mg/ml之间与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.4%,RSD=0.4%.方法精密度(RSD)为0.9%(n=5).结论方法操作简便,结果准确可靠,可用于妇炎宁合剂中芍药苷的含量测定.     

苯甲酸利扎曲普坦含量及有关物质的HPLC测定

建立了HPLC法测定苯甲酸利扎曲普坦含量及有关物质.采用ODS C18柱,流动相为0.1%三乙胺(用磷酸调至pH 7.0)-乙腈(90:10),流速1.2ml/min,柱温40℃,检测波长225nm.线性范围5～200μg/ml(r=0.9999),日内、日间RSD均小于2%.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.