呼吸重症加强治疗病房晚发性医院获得性肺炎病原学分布及危险因素分析

目的分析呼吸重症加强治疗病房(RICU)晚发性医院获得性肺炎(L-HAP)的病原学分布特征及危险因素。方法采用回顾性病例对照研究,收集2003年3月至2008年3月复旦大学附属中山医院RICU住院的L-HAP患者30例,同期RICU住院期间未发生HAP的患者30例作为对照,进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。根据L-HAP患者发病时间(入院第6～14d,第15～28d,第29d后)进行分层,进一步分析L-HAP的病原学分布特征。结果 L-HAP组与对照组在意识不清、误吸、有创机械通气、低白蛋白血症及质子泵抑制剂使用时间方面差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic多因素分析显示机械通气(OR=8.7)、低白蛋白血症(OR=20.4)是RICU内发生L-HAP的独立危险因素(P0.05)。L-HAP组患者住院时间、抗生素使用时间均较对照组显著延长,病死率亦明显升高(P0.05)。入院第6～14d发病的L-HAP需氧病原菌主要为鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌,住院第15～28d为铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌,住院29d后主要为铜绿假单胞菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌。结论机械通气、低白蛋白血症是RICU内发生L-HAP的独立危险因素。发生L-HAP显著增加患者病死率、增加住院天数及增加抗生素的使用。住院不同阶段L-HAP的病原谱发生改变。     

低钙血症对急性有机磷农药中毒患者的预后价值

目的探讨低钙血症对急性有机磷农药中毒（AOPP）患者的预后价值。方法45例入住ICU接受血液灌流的AOPP患者,根据入院时血清钙浓度分为低钙血症组和非低钙血症组。比较两组患者ICU住院时间和病死率,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析低钙血症对患者生存率的影响,logistic回归分析低钙血症与患者住院病死率的关系。结果与非低钙血症组比较,低钙血症组患者ICU病死率明显增高（67.9%比23.5%,P=0.01）,ICU住院时间明显延长[（8.8±5.3）d比（6.1±3.8）d,P=0.02]。logistic回归分析显示,呼吸衰竭和低钙血症显著增高AOPP患者住院死亡风险（OR=8.02、2.25,均P＜0.05）;Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示低钙血症组住院病死率显著增高（字2=5.38,P=0.02）。结论低钙血症是AOPP患者的重要预后指标之一。     

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌医院获得性肺炎老年患者的流行趋势及危险因素分析

目的 了解耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)医院获得性肺炎(HAP)老年患者的流行趋势、临床特点、相关危险因素及细菌耐药性.方法 采用病例对照研究的方法,60例MRSA HAP老年患者入选MRSA组,52例甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA) HAP老年患者入选MSSA组,通过回顾性分析患者的基本情况,分析发病的危险因素及临床特点,并对分离到的菌株进行药物敏感试验.结果 2009、2010、2011年的下呼吸道MRSA检出率有逐年上升的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).药物敏感试验结果示MRSA呈多重耐药.MRSA组的平均年龄、住院时间均显著高于MSSA组(P值均＜0.01).MRSA组的糖尿病、脑卒中和慢性肺部疾病的构成比均显著高于MSSA组(P值分别＜0.01、0.05).MRSA组住院期间应用静脉导管、使用≥2种抗生素及广谱抗生素使用时间＞14 d的构成比均显著高于MSSA组(P值分别＜0.01、0.05).结论 老年患者中,住院时间长、糖尿病、脑卒中、长期使用广谱抗生素可能是医院内MRSA感染的危险因素.     

重症监护病房鲍曼不动杆菌感染的耐药性及相关危险因素分析

目的探讨重症监护病房(ICU)鲍曼不动杆菌感染的耐药性及相关危险因素,为临床合理用药和院内感染管理提供依据。方法选取2011年1月至2014年9月海南医学院附属医院ICU鲍曼不动杆菌感染患者284例和未感染鲍曼不动杆菌者284例,进行病例对照研究。分析院内感染鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性,并通过多元Logistic回归分析发现独立危险因素。结果 ICU患者鲍曼不动杆菌感染以痰标本检出率最高为76.1%。单因素分析结果显示,昏迷GCS8分、住ICU时间7 d、机械通气时间7 d、低白蛋白水平25 g/L、气管插管、气管切开、使用抗菌药物2种、混合细菌感染、肺基础疾病是危险因素。进一步应用多元Logistic回归分析发现,昏迷GCS8分、机械通气时间7 d、低白蛋白水平25 g/L、气管插管、气管切开、使用抗菌药物2种、混合细菌感染是鲍曼不动杆菌院内感染的独立危险因素。其危险性(OR)及P值分别为混合细菌感染(OR=3.621,P=0.004)、气管插管(OR=3.218,P=0.020)、使用抗菌药物2种(OR=3.216,P=0.022)、机械通气时间7 d(OR=3.046,P=0.018)、低白蛋白水平25 g/L(OR=3.024,P=0.006)、气管切开(OR=3.014,P=0.038)、昏迷GCS8分(OR=2.965,P=0.014)。鲍曼不动杆菌对哌拉西林、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、阿米卡星、复方新诺明的耐药率均较高,其耐药率均在80.0%以上;对亚胺培南的耐药率相对较低,其耐药率为52.1%。结论鲍曼不动杆菌是ICU内检出率很高的条件致病菌,早期干预危险因素及合理使用抗菌药物,有助于减少ICU内鲍曼不动杆菌感染的发生率。     

碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染及死亡因素分析

目的分析碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)血流感染的危险因素,探讨急性生理学与慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、序贯性器官功能衰竭(SOFA)评分对患者28 d死亡的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2017年1月-2019年6月东方市人民医院ICU住院的96例肺炎克雷伯菌(KP)所致血流感染患者的临床资料,依据感染情况分为碳青霉烯类敏感肺炎克雷伯菌(CSKP)组和CRKP组,依据患者预后情况分为存活组和死亡组。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析筛选CRKP血流感染的危险因素,分析KP患者28 d死亡的危险因素;采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分对患者28 d死亡的预测价值。结果CRKP患者55例(57.3%),CSKP患者41例(42.7%)。感染前入住ICU(OR=2.489)、行机械通气(OR=1.315)、使用抗生素(OR=1.171)、使用碳青霉烯类药物(OR=1.818)均是CRKP血流感染的独立危险因素(P0.05)。感染时APACHEⅡ评分(OR=1.239)、SOFA评分(OR=1.473)及感染性休克(OR=1.799)是KP血流感染患者28 d死亡的独立危险因素(P0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分预测KP血流感染28 d死亡的曲线下面积分别为0.794(95%CI:0.704～0.884,P=0.003)、0.829(95%CI:0.749～0.909,P=0.005)。结论 CRKP血流感染患者病死率较高,感染前入住ICU、行机械通气、使用抗生素、使用碳青霉烯类药物是其独立危险因素,感染时APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分可作为KP患者28 d死亡的预测因子。     

慢性心力衰竭住院患者贫血患病率的临床分析

[目的]探讨慢性心衰(CHF)住院患者贫血患病率及其临床意义.[方法]回顾性分析中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院10年来符合人选条件的住院CHF患者相关资料,了解贫血(Hb＜ 120 g/L)的患病率,比较贫血与非贫血患者的临床、生化特征及住院期间病死率,多因素Logistic分析贫血的危险因素.[结果]共纳入666例患者,平均年龄65(S=14)岁,平均Hb128(S=20)g/L.贫血患病率为32.58％.与非贫血患者相比,贫血的CHF患者多见于女性、年龄大、体质量低、合并高血压、基础病为冠心病,下肢水肿、肺水肿和胸腔积液更常见,eGFR、血浆白蛋白(ALB)低于非贫血组,而SCr、BUN、平均LVEF高于非贫血组,同时贫血组住院时间延长.贫血组住院期间病死率明显高于非贫血组(9.7％vs 5.3％,P=0.037).多因素Logistic分析显示女性(OR=2.87,P＜0.001)、年龄增加(每5岁,OR=1.09,P=0.02)、NYHA分级升高(OR=1.27,P=0.029)以及SCr升高(每10 mol/L,OR=1.08,P＜ 0.001)是贫血的独立危险因素.[结论]CHF患者贫血的患病率较高,尤其在女性、高龄、心衰程度重以及肾功能下降患者,贫血增加CHF住院期间病死率.     

ICU严重腹腔感染患者早期预后危险因素分析

目的 探讨影响ICU严重腹腔感染患者早期预后的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月~2017年9月笔者医院重症医学科收治的135例严重腹腔感染患者的临床资料,按患者住院28天时的结局分为存活组(101例)和死亡组(34例),采用单因素分析和Logistic回归分析筛选和判定与ICU严重腹腔感染患者预后相关的危险因素。结果 单因素分析结果显示,两组间年龄.呼吸机支持.血肌酐.前白蛋白.APACHEⅡ评分.SOFA评分.腹腔病灶处理.合并脓毒性休克.肠内营养共9项指标间比较,差异有统计学意义;经Logistic回归分析表明,APACHEⅡ评分≥20(OR=8.147,P=0.015).SOFA评分≥9(OR=17.934,P=0.013).腹腔病灶处理不充分(OR=6.846,P=0.044).未进行肠内营养(OR=4.983,P=0.003)4个指标是影响腹腔感染患者早期预后的独立危险因素。结论 动态监测APACHEⅡ评分及SOFA评分.及时充分处理腹腔感染灶.尽早肠内营养可以改善ICU严重腹腔感染患者的早期预后。     

浙江嵊州地区急性心肌梗死患者医院感染的危险因素分析及预防对策

目的 分析浙江嵊州地区急性心肌梗死患者医院感染的危险因素,并制定预防策略,以降低医院感染率.方法 回顾性分析本地区于2006年1月～2012年5月治疗的578例急性心肌梗死患者的临床资料,对医院感染的各项危险因素进行单因素及多因素分析.结果 共发生医院感染92例,感染率15.9%;感染部位以呼吸系统感染率最高（56.7%）.单因素分析显示,医院感染的危险因素包括高龄（＞60岁）、有严重合并症、入住ICU、长期使用免疫抑制剂及广谱抗生素（≥20 d）、住院时间长（＞30 d）、侵入性操作,而多因素分析进一步显示长期使用广谱抗生素危险性最大（OR = 9.247）,其余依次为严重合并症（OR = 8.973）、住院时间长（OR = 8.047）、入住ICU（OR = 7.165）、高龄（OR = 5.428）、侵入性操作（OR = 4.177）、长期使用免疫抑制剂（OR = 3.809）.结论 浙江嵊州地区急性心肌梗死患者医院感染的危险因素较多,临床上应采取针对性预防对策,从而有效控制感染率.     

急性脑出血患者ICU室罹患院内获得性肺炎的危险因素分析

目的调查研究急性脑出血患者ICU室罹患院内获得性肺炎(HAP)的危险因素,为预防ICU院内感染提供参考依据。方法 2010年1月～2011年2月在广西钦州市灵山县人民医院ICU进行住院治疗的189例脑出血患者为研究对象,根据是否发生HAP分为病例组57例和对照组132例,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析分析急性脑出血患者ICU室罹患HAP相关危险因素。结果病例组患者在再出血率,病死率明显高于对照组,差异有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01),而BI评分明显低于对照组患者,差异有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素结果筛选出气管切开治疗;年龄≥60岁(OR=3.674;95%CI:0.757～14.745);吸烟(OR=76.775;95%CI:0.354～17.475);气管切开治疗(OR=26.464;95%CI:0.676～18.864);气管插管治疗(OR=25.346;95%CI:0.963～18.475);ICU住院时间(OR=5.772;95%CI:0.428～6.642);机械通气时间(OR=3.425;95%CI:0.208～6.277)是急性脑出血患者ICU室罹患HAP的危险因素。结论急性脑出血患者ICU室罹患HAP预后较差,应尽量减少侵袭性操作的次数,尽可能地及早拔管,避免长时间在ICU住院和机械通气。     

腹部创伤合并多器官功能障碍综合征患者病死危险因素分析

目的:探讨腹部创伤合并多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者的死亡危险因素.方法:回顾性分析178例腹部创伤合并MODS患者(死亡71例)的危险因素.应用SPSS13.0行单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析.结果:腹部创伤合开MODS患者的病死率为39.9%.年龄、休克持续时间、并发多发伤、腹内多脏器损伤、存在漏诊漏治、大量输血(＞2000mL)、手术类型、受伤至确定性手术时间、腹腔感染、存在致死性三联征、合并肺部感染、Marshall评分≥8分、MODS累及器官≥3个、血液净化、机械通气、住院时间等16个因素与腹部创伤合并MODS患者病死关系密切(P＜0.05);MODS累及器官≥3个(OR=12.188,P=0.035)、Marshall评分≥8分(OR=19.740,P=0.004)、休克持续时间(OR=18.480,P=0.006)、腹腔感染(OR=30.838,P=0.006)是主要的死亡危险因素;另外使用血液净化(OR=0.001,P=0.001),住院时间长(OR=0.025,P=0.034)是保护性因素.结论:及时救治休克,合理处理腹部及并发其他部位的损伤,积极控制感染和机体炎症反应,维持内环境稳定,可能是降低MODS病死率的关键.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.