小儿术后硬膜外镇痛

目的:评价0.1%罗哌卡因和0.1%布比卡因复合2μg/ml芬太尼对小儿术后自控镇痛的效果、运动阻滞恢复情况及其不良反应。方法:选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级腹部以下手术患儿60例,随机分成两组行术后硬膜外镇痛。R组用0.1%罗哌卡因复合2μg/ml芬太尼,B组用0.1%布比卡因复合2μg/ml芬太尼,镇痛泵容量100 ml,泵速0.1 ml/(kg.h),追加量0.1 ml/kg,锁时30 min。观察术后24 h内镇痛效果、运动神级阻滞、胃肠功能恢复及不良反应。结果:罗哌卡因与布比卡因镇痛相似,但罗哌卡因组运动阻滞及胃肠功能恢复较布比卡因组快(P<0.05),恶心、呕吐、下肢麻木、皮肤瘙痒,尿潴留发生率两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:0.1%罗哌卡因复合2μg/ml芬太尼用于小儿术后硬膜外镇痛与布比卡因有相同的镇痛效果且镇痛效果确切,罗哌卡因组运动神经阻带、胃肠功能恢复较快,两组不良反应相似。     

不同浓度罗哌卡因用于食管癌根治患者术后镇痛

目的 探讨不同浓度罗哌卡因复合芬太尼用于食管癌根治患者术后硬膜外镇痛效果.方法 60例食管癌术后患者,随机分为0.25%罗哌卡因组(Ⅰ组)、0.2%罗哌卡因组(Ⅱ组)和0.15%罗哌卡因组(Ⅲ组),复合芬太尼硬膜外自控镇痛,观察其视觉模拟(VAS)评分和Bromage评分情况.结果 术后6、12、24和48h VAS评分,Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组;Bromage评分Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组;均无明显不良反应.结论 0.2%罗哌卡因复合芬太尼对食管癌根治患者术后镇痛效果确切,无运动阻滞及并发症发生,适合临床应用.     

低浓度罗哌卡因复合芬太尼用于颈深丛阻滞的临床观察

目的评价低浓度罗哌卡因复合芬太尼颈深丛阻滞的利弊.方法60例甲状腺次全切除术患者随机分为3组,Ⅰ组0.125%罗哌卡因复合芬太尼,Ⅱ组0.25%罗哌卡因,Ⅲ组0.125%罗哌卡因;3组双侧颈浅丛阻滞均用罗哌卡因.观察麻醉效果及并发症.结果麻醉效果Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组优良率为100%,Ⅲ组为50%.Ⅱ组与Ⅰ、Ⅲ组相比声音嘶哑、呼吸困难有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论低浓度罗哌卡因复合芬太尼行双侧颈深丛阻滞,麻醉效果确切、不良反应少.     

曲马多复合罗哌卡因应用于子宫次全切除术后硬膜外镇痛的临床研究

目的 观察曲马多联合罗哌卡因用于子宫次全切除术后硬膜外镇痛的效果.方法 选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级经腹子宫次全切除术患者90例,随机平均分为3组.R组:0.18%罗哌卡因;F组:0.18%罗哌卡因+0.000 3%芬太尼;T组:0.18%罗哌卡因+0.5%曲马多.3组术毕均经硬膜外注入0.5%罗哌卡因6 ml,连接一次性微量泵进行硬膜外镇痛.监测术后不同时间的VAS疼痛评分、心率、平均动脉压,观察恶心、呕吐等不良反应和下肢运动阻滞情况以及肛门排气时间,镇痛总体满意度评分.结果 R组VAS评分明显高于F组和T组(P<0.05);F组和T组VAS评分无明显差异(P>0.05);F组恶心、呕吐发生率高于R组和T组(P<0.05);F组和T组镇痛总体满意度优良率明显高于R组(P<0.05).结论 曲马多、芬太尼分别与罗哌卡因合用均可达到有效的术后硬膜外镇痛效果,曲马多与罗哌卡因配伍不良反应发生率较低,是一种更为安全有效的硬膜外术后镇痛方法.     

不同浓度盐酸罗哌卡因用于宫颈癌根治患者术后镇痛疗效观察

目的:通过临床观察了解不同浓度盐酸罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛对宫颈癌患者术后疼痛和早期活动的影响。方法:选择择期行宫颈癌的病人60例,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级。随机分为0.125%盐酸罗哌卡因(Ⅰ组)、0.15%盐酸罗哌卡因(Ⅱ组)和0.20%盐酸罗哌卡因(Ⅲ组),均复合2μg/ml芬太尼,每组各20例。观察各组48h内的镇痛效果、排气时间、下床活动时间、术后不良反应。结果:术后VAS评分Ⅱ、Ⅲ组明显低于Ⅰ组,改良Bromage评分Ⅰ、Ⅱ组显著低于Ⅲ组,三组病人Ramsay评分,不良反应发生情况,排气时间,术后第一次下地时间等差异均无统计学意义。结论:三组均适合宫颈癌根治的术后镇痛,其中0.15%盐酸罗哌卡因术后镇痛效果好,而无明显运动阻滞,更适合推荐用于宫颈癌根治患者术后镇痛。     

不同浓度及容量罗哌卡因硬膜外术后镇痛效果的临床观察

目的:观察不同浓度、不同容量罗哌卡因在上腹部手术病人术后硬膜外腔的镇痛效果及不良反应.方法:120例上腹部手术后病人随机分为4组:Ⅰ组30例,0.05%罗哌卡因+芬太尼1 mg/L,8 mL/h;Ⅱ组30例,0.1%罗哌卡因+芬太尼2 mg/L,4 mL/h;Ⅲ组30例,0.2%罗哌卡因+芬太尼4 mg/L,2 ml,/h;Ⅳ组30例,0.1%布比卡因+芬太尼2 mg/L,4 mL/h.各组病人硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)每次2 mL,锁定时间15 min.各组负荷量为芬太尼50 μg+0.75%罗哌卡因或布比卡因(2 mL)+生理盐水至4 mL.观察病人静息和咳嗽疼痛评分及不良反应.结果:镇痛效果及术后4,12,32,48 h疼痛评分,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组之间无明显差异(P＞0.05),但明显优于Ⅲ组(P＜0.05),且48 h PCEA消耗量、总按压次数与有效按压次数之比(TPCA/EPCA)Ⅲ组明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组(P＜0.05).Ⅲ组术后当日还需辅助使用其他镇痛药.皮肤瘙痒、恶心、呕吐、镇静程度4组之间无明显差异(P＞0.05).Ⅳ组出现血压下降12例(40%),自觉咳嗽无力6例(20%),Ⅲ组自觉咳嗽无力4例(13.33%).结论:0.05%罗哌卡因+芬太尼1 mg/L、8 mL/h或0.1%罗哌卡因+芬太尼2 mg/L、4 mL/h对手术后病人不仅有良好的镇痛效果,而且对运动神经影响及循环影响轻微.     

舒芬太尼与芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于肛肠手术后硬膜外自控镇痛的临床观察

目的:观察舒芬太尼或芬太尼复合甲磺酸罗哌卡因用于肛肠手术后的临床镇痛效果和不良反应。方法:选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,在联合腰硬联合麻醉阻滞下行肛肠手术的患者100例,术后行硬膜外患者自控镇痛(PCEA)随机分为两组,甲磺酸罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼(s)组(100 ml 0.238%甲磺酸罗哌卡因注射液加1μg舒芬太尼);甲磺酸罗哌卡因复合芬太尼(100 ml 0.238%甲磺酸罗哌卡因注射液加4μg芬太尼)背景剂量2 ml,自控药量0.5ml/次,锁定时间15 min。观察患者术后镇痛效果,记录镇痛泵使用情况、不良反应。结果:舒芬太尼组在术后12 h、24 h和48 h的静息、咳嗽和活动时镇痛效果优于芬太尼组(P<0.05),两组镇痛泵使用情况以及其他不良反应如恶心、呕吐,下肢麻木,呼吸抑制等有差异。结论:舒芬太尼可安全有效地用于肛肠科手术后,镇痛效果优于芬太尼,不良反应少,程度较轻。     

芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛的临床观察

目的:比较吗啡与不同浓度芬太尼分别复合罗哌卡因用于剖宫产硬膜外镇痛的镇痛效果及相关不良反应。方法:选择行择期剖宫产的初产妇120例,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,随机分为对照组(M组),观察组(F1组,F2组,F3组),术后硬膜外镇痛分别使用吗啡0.1mg/ml,芬太尼(3μg/ml,4μg/ml,5μg/ml)复合0.178 8%罗哌卡因。镇痛泵固定持续输注速度2ml/h,于术后不同时点随访,评估静止、活动时切口的疼痛程度、下肢运动阻滞程度及相关不良反应。结果:F3及M组皆获得满意镇痛效果,但M组的不良反应发生情况明显高于其他组(P<0.05)。结论:5μg/ml芬太尼复合0.178 8%罗哌卡因镇痛效果确切,不良反应发生率低,值得临床推广。     

舒芬太尼蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉在剖宫产术后镇痛的临床效果

目的:探讨蛛网膜下注射舒芬太尼的镇痛机制,观察舒芬太尼复合盐酸罗哌卡因用于剖宫产术后镇痛的临床效果及不良反应。方法:将ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级120例行剖宫产的孕妇随机分为Ⅰ组(对照组)、Ⅱ组(蛛网膜下腔阻滞加枸橼酸舒芬太尼镇痛组)和Ⅲ组(蛛网膜下腔阻滞加硬膜外镇痛组),Ⅰ组采用蛛网膜下腔阻滞0.75%盐酸罗哌卡因2ml;Ⅱ组采用蛛网膜下腔阻滞0.75%盐酸罗哌卡因2 ml加枸橼酸舒芬太尼10μg;Ⅲ组采用蛛网膜下腔阻滞0.75%盐酸罗哌卡因2 ml加术后PCEA。用针对骨盆区域疼痛的简式McGill疼痛问卷(SF-MPQ)评价镇痛效果,同时比较各组术后镇痛中的不良反应。结果:三组各时点产妇SF-MPQ评分比较:Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组术后2 h、4 h、8 h、12 h三种疼痛评分与Ⅰ组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ⅱ组三种疼痛评分与Ⅲ组在术后2 h、4 h比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅱ组皮肤瘙痒与Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅲ组穿刺部疼痛与Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);恶心、呕吐、尿潴留、呼吸抑制三组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:蛛网膜下腔注射舒芬太尼应用于剖宫产术后镇痛,与传统硬膜外镇痛方法相比,其镇痛作用强、安全有效、操作简单、医疗费用低,是值得在临床上推广的一种镇痛方法。     

1%罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉用于子宫切除术的临床观察

目的比较1%罗哌卡因与0.75%罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉用于子宫切除术的优越性及安全性。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期行子宫切除术的病人60例,随机分为两组:Ⅰ组(n=30)硬膜外腔给予1%罗哌卡因10ml;Ⅱ组(n=30)硬膜外腔给予0.75%罗哌卡因10ml,术中连续监测心电图、心率、无创血压、血氧饱和度,观察感觉阻滞平面及范围,术中VAS评分,镇痛及肌松质量,运动阻滞时间,术期不良反应。结果Ⅰ组最高阻滞平面达T6,Ⅱ组最高阻滞平面达T7。感觉阻滞范围Ⅰ组平均为10个节段,Ⅱ组平均为8个节段(P<0.05);运动阻滞持续时间Ⅰ组(176.13±7.38)min,Ⅱ组(157.43±8.27)min(P<0.05);术中VAS评分,Ⅰ组在术中探查和子宫切除时的VAS评分低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组的肌松效果明显优于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率无显著差异。结论1%罗哌卡因用于子宫切除术麻醉安全有效,与0.75%罗哌卡因相比,具有镇痛作用强,阻滞范围宽,肌松效果更好且持续时间更长等优点。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.