髋臼假体螺钉固定安全位置的确定

人工全髋关节置换术（total hip replacernent,THR)是近年来治疗老年人髋关节疾患的首选方法，由于手术发展迅速，该手术逐渐走向成熟，随之而来的并发症日见突出，减少及避免全髋关节手术中的失误是减少术后并发症及提高手术效果的关键措施。髓臼假体螺钉固定致周围血管神经损伤报道渐渐增多。现就髋臼周围的解剖关系探讨人工全髋关节置换术髋臼假体螺钉固定安全区进行探讨，以下均以左侧为例。     

两种类型人工全髋关节置换术后体温变化的回顾性研究

[目的]研究骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术后与非骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术后患者体温变化规律,为临床观察及治疗提供参考.[方法]对84例骨水泥型人工全髋关节和非骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术患者术前3d、手术当天至术后12 d每日6:00、10:00、14:00、18:00、21:00、1:006个时间点的体温进行观察.[结果]骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术患者手术当天至术后7d的体温普遍高于非骨水泥型人工髋关节置换术患者.两种类型人工全髋关节置换术患者术后8～12d的平均体温、每日体温无明显差异.[结论]医务人员对骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术后与非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术后患者体温变化要区别对待,做好观察及时处理,防止并发症的发生.     

髂腰肌撞击——全髋关节置换术后并发症的诊治

目的分析全髋关节置换术后髂腰肌撞击假体引起疼痛原因及治疗措施。方法19例人工全髋关节置换术因髂腰肌撞击髋臼假体引起髋部疼痛患者，5例采用保守治疗无效后行髂腰肌肌腱切断术，12例行髂腰肌肌腱切断术，2例髋臼假体翻修。结果术后所有患者疼痛均明显减轻，Harris评分术前47～70（59±5．3）分，术后达83-95（92±1．7）分。双髋对比屈髋力量17例无明显下降，2例部分下降但并不影响髋关节功能。结论人工全髋关节置换术后因髂腰肌撞击髋臼假体引起髋部疼痛的患者，保守治疗常常效果不佳，而髂腰肌肌腱切断术效果较好。     

人工全髋关节置换术后继发臀部巨大囊肿一例

人工全髋关节置换术后继发臀部巨大囊肿一例梁雨田，张伯勋人工全髋关节置换术后继发臀部巨大滑液囊肿实属罕见，本院遇一例报告如下。患者男性，５７岁。因右侧扁平髋继发骨关节炎先后于１９８０年３月及１９８１年６月行髋关节双杯及单杯成形术。术后髋关节疼痛无明显缓...     

人工髋关节置换术患者护理体会

目的 使全髋关节置换术病人得到有效的护理。方法 对46例人工髋关节置换术患者给予护理干预。结果 术后均治愈出院。结论 通过人工髋关节置换术护理，能有效减少并发症的发生，术后病人能早期下床活动和早期康复出院。     

人工全髋关节置换术的护理体会

目的 探讨人工全髋关节置换术围手术期护理方法.方法 对95例人工全髋关节置换术患者的护理措施进行归纳总结.结果 经过手术治疗及精心护理,95例患者均痊愈出院.结论 对人工全髋关节置换术的患者实行适当的围手术期护理措施,对保证手术成功及患者康复具有重要意义.     

人工全髋关节翻修术治疗假体置换术后感染

目的：探讨全髋关节置换术后假体周围感染的治疗方法。方法：1998年1月～2002年6月共收治7例全髋关节置换术后感染患者。采用一期全髋关节翻修术3例，二期全髋关节翻修术4例，术后平均随访14个月。结果：患者髋关节评分平均提高37．6分(Harris评分)，经随访无一例感染患者复发。结论：人工全髋关节置换术后感染患者经过彻底清创和使用有效抗生素治疗后，可一期或二期进行全髋关节翻修术，治疗假体周围感染，改善患肢关节功能。     

人工髋关节置换术后顽固性疼痛的原因分析及治疗

目的：探讨人工髋关节置换术后顽固性疼痛的原因及治疗。方法：对17例人工髋关节置换术后产生疼痛的患者全部再次行全髋翻修术。结果：全部病例均于术后2周拆线出院，术后3周持双拐下床活动，3个月后均能负重行走，无1例再次出现疼痛。结论：（1）引起疼痛的原因多可概括为：术后感染、假体松动、软骨的磨损和假体颈的长短大小不适等。（2）再次行全髋关节翻修术是解决第一次髋关节术后疼痛的重要方法之一。     

人工髋关节置换术所致神经损伤

人工髋关节置换术所致神经损伤是一类少见但却较严重的并发症。本文共随访３２０例全髋置换术病例，有１６例术后发生神经损伤，发生率为５％，其中股神经１０例，坐骨神经２例，腓总神经２例，骶神经１例，股外侧皮神经１例。探讨了神经损伤与手术入路间的关系及可能的致伤因素，并且分析了它们的解剖基础。研究表明神经损伤的发生率与手术入路有明确的关系。前外侧入路和外侧入路易引起股神经损伤，而后外侧入路坐骨神经损伤发生率较高。此外神经损伤的发生率也与原发疾病及手术的难易程度和操作技能有明确的关系。     

全髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折临床观察

目的对比分析全髋关节置换术和双极人工股骨头置换术治疗股骨颈骨折的效果。方法随机将100例接受全髋关节置换术的股骨颈骨折患者分为2组,各50例。观察组实施全髋关节置换术,对照组行双极人工股骨头置换术,比较2组治疗效果。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量及术后引流量均明显少于对照组,Harris评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与双极人工股骨头置换术比较,全髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折,效果显著,安全性高。     

The use of motor-evoked potentials to monitor sciatic nerve status during revision total hip arthroplasty

Sciatic nerve palsy is an uncommon complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA) but can cause permanent functional impairment in the extremity. The goal of this study was to identify specific intraoperative maneuvers that may increase the risk of sciatic nerve injury during revision THA. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were used in combination with electromyography (EMG) monitoring during revision THA in 27 consecutive patients to identify intraoperative events that cause conduction abnormalities through the sciatic and peroneal nerves. MEP monitoring required general anesthesia and a neurophysiologist in the operating room throughout the procedure. Significant electrical events occurred, most commonly during acetabular reconstruction. Hip flexion should be avoided during posterior acetabular retraction when using the posterior approach with posterior dislocation. The position of the sciatic nerve should be clearly identified when complex structural acetabular augmentation with allograft is performed during revision THA. MEP monitoring was used as a research tool for this study. However, we do not use MEP monitoring in our revision THA clinical practice.     

Nerve injuries associated with total hip arthroplasty

Nerve injury is a relatively rare, yet potentially devastating complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Incidence of this ranges from 0.6 to 3.7%, and is highest in patients with developmental hip dysplasia and previous hip surgery. Apart from patient and surgeon dissatisfaction, this complication can have medico-legal consequences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the risk factors, etiology, diagnostic options, management strategies, prognosis, and prevention measures of nerve injuries associated with THA. We specifically evaluated the: 1) sciatic nerve; 2) femoral nerve; 3) obturator nerve; 4) superior gluteal nerve; and 5) the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.     

Iliopsoas cyst causing persistent pain after total hip arthroplasty

Persistent pain after total hip arthroplasty (THA) has many potential causes. The most common are aseptic loosening, infection, and heterotopic ossification. Irritation of the iliopsoas tendon due to the acetabular component is an underestimated cause of persistent groin pain and functional disability after THA with rare incidence. Pain specific to iliopsoas tendonitis includes activities such as hyperextension of the hip, forced flexion, and activities of daily living (eg, ascending stairs). This article presents a case of a 50-year old man with clinical and radiological signs of osteoarthritis of the right hip joint. A THA was performed. After a symptom-free interval of several weeks postoperatively, the patient reported pain projecting from the right groin and radiating ventromedially along the leg. Magnetic resonance imaging of the hip showed a fluid-filled cyst in anatomical proximity to the femoral nerve causing an iliopsoas tendonitis. The patient underwent surgical resection of the cyst was performed by an anterior approach; a conjunction to the hip joint was not present. The implanted components of the prosthesis showed good osseointegration with no signs of loosening. The cyst was removed and the iliopsoas tendon was released. A few weeks after the operation, the patient was pain free. At 17-month follow-up, no problems were reported. In cases such as this, finding the correct diagnosis may be difficult and misleading. Conservative and operative therapeutic options are discussed and compared with divergent findings in the literature.     

Total hip and total knee arthroplasty in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is indicated for patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) when marked joint destruction is present and pain or deformity compromises function despite optimal medical therapy. Relief of pain, reduction of the deformity, and dramatic improvement in functional status and quality of life can be achieved in most patients. Functional impairment and deformity rather than pain are usually the primary indications for THA or TKA. When there is both hip and knee involvement, hip arthroplasty should probably be done first. Regional anesthetic appears to be the anesthetic of choice. Careful preoperative planning and the availability of custom and minisized components are essential. Small bone size, osteoporosis, and severe soft tissue disease make the surgery technically demanding. Skeletal immaturity may not contraindicate surgery if the patient is otherwise bedridden with progressive deformity. In the hip trochanteric osteotomy is often necessary for adequate exposure, with the possible exception being a patient with juvenile ankylosing spondylitis who is subject to heterotopic bone formation. Although complete capsulectomy and psoas tenotomy may be necessary to relieve a hip flexion contracture, a soft tissue release that produces leg lengthening may lead to nerve palsy. In the hip component loosening has been less common in patients with JRA than in other young patients who have undergone THA, but it is still the most frequent cause of failure. In the knee preoperative and postoperative serial casts can aid in the correction of severe flexion contracture. Secondary patellar pain has been the most common cause of late failure. Patellar resurfacing should probably be performed at the time of the original knee arthroplasty in all patients with JRA.     

Sciatic nerve compression by an extrapelvic cyst secondary to wear debris after a cementless total hip arthroplasty: A case report and literature review

INTRODUCTIONPolyethylene (PE) wear debris after total hip arthroplasty (THA) may cause formation of a soft tissue mass due to inflammatory reaction. To the best of our knowledge we report the first case in whom the diagnosis was made after examination of the hip, pelvis and lumbar spine with detailed radiological methods and the plain radiographs showed no signs of loosening of the THA.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe report a 52 years-old woman who presented with a cyst causing sciatic irritation in her gluteal region due to wear debris after THA. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was useful in detecting the cyst. Resolution of the cyst occured after subtotal cystectomy and revision of the acetabular components.DISCUSSIONAlthough plain radiographs can show signs of the underlying pathology; such as osteolysis, loosening of the components and wear of the PE liner, they are unable to detect cystic lesions. Cystic lesions may be an early sign of wear debris.CONCLUSIONThis case shows us that sciatic neuropathy with no evidence of nerve root impingement on lumbar MRI in a patient with THA requires also examination of the hip and pelvis with detailed radiological methods, such as MRI, in addition to plain radiography. Removal of the source of debris via revision surgery following subtotal cystectomy leads to the resolution of the remaining portion of the cyst and also relief of the symptoms of sciatic nerve compression.     

Vascular injuries after total joint arthroplasty

Vascular injuries, although highly feared, can occur after total joint arthroplasty, often resulting in legal suits. This study evaluates the circumstances related to vascular injuries after joint arthroplasty. Using prospectively collected data on 13,517 patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty at our institution, 16 (0.1%) vascular injuries were identified. Eleven injuries occurred after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and 5 after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Indirect injury was the most common mechanism in TKA. In contrast, direct injury was most prevalent in THA. One patient died of complications related to vascular injury. Of 16 patients, 8 (50%) had launched a legal suit against the operating surgeon. There appears to be no further specific measure that can be taken to absolutely avoid this complication. Patient awareness regarding this real problem may play a role in defraying the high likelihood of legal suits associated with this complication.     

Rupture of the ilio-psoas tendon after a total hip arthroplasty: an unusual cause of radio-lucency of the lesser trochanter simulating a malignancy

Avulsion fracture or progressive radiolucency of lesser trochanter is considered a pathognomic finding in patients with malignancies. Although surgical release of the iliopsoas tendon may be required during a total hip arthroplasty (THA), there is no literature on spontaneous rupture of the ilio-psoas tendon after a THA causing significant functional impairment. We report here such a case, which developed progressive radiolucency of the lesser trochanter over six years after a THA, simulating a malignancy. The diagnosis was confirmed by MRI. Because of the chronic nature of the lesion, gross retraction of the tendon into the pelvis, and low demand of our patient, he was treated by physiotherapy and gait training. Injury to the ilio-psoas tendon can occur in various steps of the THA and extreme care should be taken to avoid this injury. Prevention during surgery is better, although there are no reports of repair in the THA setting. This condition should be considered in patients who present with progressive radioluceny of the lesser trochanter, especially in the setting of a hip/pelvic surgery. Awareness and earlier recognition of the signs and symptoms of this condition will aid in diagnosis and will direct appropriate management.     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人Crowe Ⅳ型先天性髋关节脱位的临床研究

目的探讨CroweⅣ型先天性髋关节脱位患者全髋关节置换术的手术方法及预防神经损伤的对策。方法35例（39髋）CroweⅣ型先天性髋关节脱位患者行全髋关节置换术,均为女性,年龄36～56岁,平均46岁。获得随访31例35髋,随访时间1年～8年,平均4年。手术采用后外侧切口。髋臼侧除1例2髋外,均在真臼水平安放臼杯并使用非骨水泥型假体,股骨侧5例5髋选用骨水泥型假体,其余均选用非骨水泥型假体。2例2髋以往曾行转子下截骨者先行转子下截骨矫正术,再植入非骨水泥型假体。采用髋关节功能评分（Harris评分）评定髋关节功能,术前平均43分。结果获得随访的31例（35髋）中,5例5髋发生术中骨折,其中小转子轻微襞裂骨折3例3髋,大转子不全骨折2例2髋,但股骨假体稳定,予钢丝固定或未作特殊处理。3髋发生异位骨化,均为BrookⅡ型。2例术后分别出现坐骨神经或股神经刺激症状,1个月后恢复正常。随访期间内无一例发生术后感染、术中术后髋关节脱位、假体松动及有明显临床表现的深静脉血栓形成等并发症。术后随访时Harris评分平均87分,术后肢体延长4～6cm,平均5cm,肢体短缩得到满意纠正。结论后外侧人路、真臼水平重建髋臼是CroweⅣ型先天性髋关节脱位全髋关节置换术安全、有效的手术方法。     

Results and experiences of conversion of hip arthrodesis

INTRODUCTION: With the predictably good outcome of total hip arthroplasty today (THA), hip arthrodesis currently has limited indications. Over the long term, however, most patients develop secondary degenerative arthritis in the spine, contralateral hip, and ipsilateral knee due to overloading. The deteriorating condition of these joints eventually causes the onset of pain, which often requires conversion of a fused hip to a THA. The results and experiences of conversions of a hip arthrodesis into a THA are reported. INTRODUCTION: Between 1 January 1985 and 31 December 2001 conversion of a previously performed arthrodesis of the hip to THA was carried out in a total of 45 patients; 34 patients could be followed up after the conversion to THA after a mean of 77.5 months (min.: 24, max.: 208). The primary indications for the conversion were low back pain (n=21) and ipsilateral knee pain (n=13). RESULTS: The mean age at the time of THA was 75.3 years (min.: 32, max.: 74). The mean time interval between the arthrodesis and the conversion to THA was 30.4 years (min.: 5, max.: 66). Of 34 hips, 29 (85%) were either pain free or had minimal pain. Complications included one persisting sciatic nerve palsy, two superficial infections, two periprosthetic fractures, and two heterotopic ossifications IV degrees with one recurrence of ankylosis and one marked reduction of motion. Revision arthroplasty was performed in four hips. Postoperatively 7 patients showed no limping, 11 showed a slight limp, and 17 a pronounced limp. Recurrent dislocations occurred in one patient. CONCLUSION: We conclude that this operation can lead to satisfactory results even after a long duration of the arthrodesis. There is a high rate of complications after conversion of a hip arthrodesis to a total hip arthroplasty. These issues must be carefully considered and discussed with the patient before any conversion procedure.     

Total hip arthroplasty for ankylosed hip secondary to heterotopic ossification

Heterotopic ossification (HO) secondary to traumatic brain injury occurs at various sites and most commonly at the elbow, shoulder, and hip. There are few published reports on the assessment and surgical resection techniques of HO. A complete preoperative physical examination and radiologic assessment with a computed tomographic scan are important for the thorough evaluation of a patient. We describe a patient with neurogenic HO of the hip secondary to traumatic brain injury who underwent a total hip arthroplasty (THA). In selected patients with hip HO, THA supplemented with postoperative radiotherapy and indomethacin prophylaxis can facilitate progressive functional movements of the hip. To our knowledge, there is no report in the English literature of a THA being preformed for HO.