社区卫生服务员工中职业紧张与倦怠的调查分析

目的弄清社区卫生服务员工职业紧张与职业倦怠的现状,探讨两者之间的关联。方法采用依据工作要求-自主模式与付出-回报失衡模式理论开发的简明职业紧张问卷和Maslach的职业倦怠问卷的修订版,对上海市的1397名社区卫生服务员工进行调查。运用多元Logistic回归分析不同职业紧张因子与职业倦怠的关联。结果有77.1%人被评定为职业紧张,有19.3%人呈现付出回报失衡,职业倦怠阳性率高达77.3%。职业倦怠均分为2.17±0.91,其3个维度情感耗竭均分为2.23±1.46,人格解体为1.04±1.15,个体成就感得分为3.78±1.36。高要求低自主是个体成就感降低的保护因子,以低D/C组为对照,中等与高组的OR值分别为0.54(95%CI=0.37~0.78)和0.42(95%CI=0.25~0.72)。社会支持是职业倦怠的保护因子,以低社会支持组为对照组,中、高社会支持组OR值分别为0.69(95%CI=0.47~1.00)和0.52(95%CI=0.35~0.77);付出回报失衡是职业倦怠的危险因子,以低付出回报失衡为对照,中等组的OR值为2.48(95%CI=1.33~4.62);高失衡组OR值为4.91(95%CI=1.78~13.6)。内在投入是情感耗竭和人格解体的危险因子。结论预防职业倦怠需要降低职业紧张程度,缓解付出回报失衡,同时增加社会支持。     

职业倦怠在工作压力与健康功能间的中介效应

目的研究城市男性职业人群工作压力对其身心健康功能的影响,并探讨职业倦怠在其间的中介效应。方法从某城市中心城区随机抽取30～65岁的1133名男性职工进行横断面调查,用哥本哈根社会心理问卷（COPSOQ）、哥本哈根倦怠问卷（CBI）、以及SF－8分别测试工作压力、职业倦怠、和健康功能,运用中介分析研究工作压力和职业倦怠对职工身心健康的影响。结果工作压力的增加与男性职业人群生理健康和心理健康的下降有显著性关联（P〈0．01）,并可见明显的剂量一反应关系;职业倦怠作为中介变量,对生理健康和心理健康的下降分别起到了15．08％和23．84％的间接效应。结论工作压力对男性职业人群的身心健康均造成了不利影响,职业倦怠部分中介了上述作用。     

小学教师的职业倦怠与职业压力

教师职业是一项高强度高压力的职业。职业生涯中的持续压力容易导致教师身心疲惫、沮丧,并最终形成职业倦怠。小学教师作为教师队伍中的一个特殊群体,其职业倦怠对儿童的成长和发展有巨大的消极影响。为了考察川渝两地小学教师的职业倦怠和职业压力状况,并探讨两者间的相关性,研究采用问卷调查的方法,以川、渝4所小学的210名教师为对象进行抽样调查。调查发现:(1)小学教师的职业倦怠呈现出高情绪衰竭、低去个性化、高成就感的趋势;(2)性别和学校类型是影响职业倦怠的重要因素;(3)小学教师的职业压力与职业倦怠相关显著,降低职业压力是降低职业倦怠的有效途径。     

COVID-19疫情背景下医务工作人员职业倦怠情况及其影响因素的分析

  目的  了解COVID-19疫情背景下定州市和青岛市两地医务工作人员发生职业倦怠情况及其影响因素。  方法  2021年7月―2021年8月对定州市和青岛市的医务工作者进行横断面调查。利用职业倦怠调查普适量表(maslach burnout inventory general survey, MBI-GS)评价职业倦怠水平,采用Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验和二分类logistic回归分析模型分析医务工作者职业倦怠水平的影响因素。  结果  982名被调查者中,发生职业倦怠的比例为91.1%,其中达到轻中度、重度的比例分别为71.5%和19.6%。多因素分析显示工作满意度感觉一般或者比较不满意(OR=3.108, 95% CI: 1.653~5.843)、应对方式为消极应对(OR=1.129, 95% CI: 1.071~1.191)人群发生重度职业倦怠者风险更高;同时睡眠时间缩短(OR=0.331, 95% CI: 0.166~0.662)的人群发生重度职业倦怠者风险更低。Spearman相关分析中,医务工作者的积极应对方式、消极应对方式与职业倦怠呈正相关(P < 0.001),社会支持情况、生活满意度情况与职业倦怠呈负相关(P < 0.001)。  结论  定州市和青岛市大部分的医务工作人员职业倦怠水平较高,需提高工作和生活满意度等关怀和社会支持力度,同时也要考虑适当增加防疫工作中的认同感和积极性以促进职业健康水平。     

艾滋病医护人员工作压力源、应对方式与工作倦怠的关系

目的 了解艾滋病医护人员工作倦怠与工作压力源和应对方式的关系.方法 采用中式工作倦怠量表(CMBI),简易应对方武问卷(SCSQ)以及自编工作压力源问卷对342名艾滋病医护人员进行调查.结果 ①工作倦怠3个维度与工作压力源和应对方式的多个因素有显著相关关系(P＜ 0.05和0.01).②管理问题和职业风险的压力对情感耗竭以及职业风险对人格解体的预测作用均极其显著(P＜0.01);消极应对对于情感耗竭和人格解体具有显著正向预测作用(P＜ 0.01和0.05),而积极应对对成就感降低具有显著反向预测作用(P＜0.01).③Amos路径分析表明,职业风险的压力和消极应对方式直接影响情感耗竭和人格解体,人际排斥的压力直接影响成就感降低,而积极应对反向作用于成就感降低;消极应对在压力源和工作倦怠中起着部分的中介作用.结论 应当重视艾滋病医护人员的工作压力问题,指导他们使用积极的应对方式,以降低其工作倦怠水平,提高工作生活质量.     

Reducing your risk of burnout

Burnout is a common phenomenon of today's workplace. Burnout is attributed to stress in the work environment. Today's health care environment with its rapidly changing requirements is an especially obvious example. Prevention of burnout, then, becomes particularly crucial. Certain personality types are resistant to burnout; unfortunately, other personality types are susceptible to burnout. However, managers and supervisors can use knowledge of personality types and their corresponding strengths and vulnerabilities to protect themselves and their subordinates from burnout. There are also general and type-specific coping efforts that people can use.     

区级精神卫生中心医护人员职业倦怠情况探讨

目的:探讨区级精神卫生中心医护人员的职业倦怠情况及相关因素.方法:采用马斯勒职业倦怠量表(Maslach Burnout Inventory,MBI)及一般情况问卷为评定工具,对114名区级精神卫生中心医护人员进行了调查,建立数据库并进行统计分析.结果:在倦怠的3个维度中,未婚医务人员低成就感维度分数显著高于已婚医务人员;不同职称之间低成就感维度差异具有显著性,其中,初级职称分数最高,倦怠程度最强;不同工作年限医护人员之间情绪衰竭维度中差异具有显著性,其中工作年限为5～9年及20～29年组别分数最高,倦怠程度最强.结论:区级精神卫生中心医护人员在职业倦怠项目上存在不同维度的职业倦怠,应建立健全相关管理体制,使医护人员有良好的心境投入工作,提高医疗质量.     

The relationship between work-related psychosocial factors and burnout among Iranian nurses: Job Demand-Control-Support model

Background:Nursing work environment consists of a number of work-related psychosocial risk factors such as excessive workloads, lack of social support, emotional demands, job insecurity and confronting with challenging situations all of which may induce burnout. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between work-related psychosocial factors and burnout among Iranian nurses.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among 522 nurses. The data related to work-related psychosocial factors and burnout was gathered using Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationship between work-related psychosocial factors and burnout.Results:Mean scores of the dimensions of burnout for emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment were 13.6 (SD=8.6), 18.42 (SD=7.1), and 28.45 (SD= 9.15), respectively. Psychological and physical job demands were positively correlated with different dimensions of burnout while social support and job control showed negative correlation with them.Conclusion:Appropriate interventions on reducing job demands both psychologically and physically and increasing social support and job control are suggested in prevention of burnout among the studied nurses.Key words: Burnout, psychosocial factors, nurses, job demands, job control, social support     

Burnout among nurses working in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia,a multicenter study

Background: Burnout is a common psychosocial phenomenon among nursing. It has been attributed to prolonged exposure to stress in the work place. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of burnout among nurses in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 nurses by using a self-administered questionnaire. Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) was used to measure burnout. Results: Most participants were females (73.0%) and aged ≤35 years (52.0%). About 39% had high emotional exhaustion, 38% had high depersonalization and 85.5% had low personal accomplishment. About 89% (178) scored high at least on one subscale of burnout. Burnout was associated with age, educational level and sources of stress in the workplace. Conclusion: Level of burnout among nurses was high and was associated mainly with stressors in the workplace. Improving work environment and management of stress in the workplace should be a priority to minimize burnout among nurses.     

高校医护人员职业倦怠调查情况分析

目的 调查重庆市高校医护人员职业倦怠现状，为高校管理者采取有效措施预防和降低医护人员职业倦怠以及提高医疗质量提供参考。方法 采用问卷调查的方式对重庆市672名高校医护人员进行调查，数据用spss12．0统计软件进行统计。结果医护人员在职业倦怠3个维度情感耗竭、情感疏远、个人成就感降低得分分别为（15．43±7．13）分，（15．80±8．21）分，（35．59±9．39）分，职业、性别、职称、工作年限在职业倦怠3个维度的差异均无统计学意义（p〉0．05）。结论 重庆市高校医护人员职业倦怠程度轻，职业、性别、职称、工作年限对职业倦怠无影响。     

广州市1 545名医务人员职业紧张、职业倦怠和抑郁症状的关系研究

  目的  探讨医务人员职业紧张、职业倦怠和抑郁症状的关系,为促进医务人员身心健康提供理论指导。
  方法  采用整群随机抽样方法,选取广州市三家医院的1 545名医务人员为研究对象,应用付出-回报失衡问卷、职业倦怠通用量表和病人健康问卷抑郁量表对其职业紧张、职业倦怠和抑郁症状水平进行自填式问卷调查。采用逐步回归方法,以职业紧张为自变量,职业倦怠为中介,抑郁症状为因变量构建多元线性模型,分析医务人员职业紧张、职业倦怠和抑郁症状的关系。
  结果  1 545名医务人员平均年龄（34.2 ±8.8）岁,平均岗位工作时间（7.6 ±6.8）年。其职业紧张付出、回报、内在投入维度平均得分分别为（3.0 ±0.8）分、（3.9 ±0.6）分、（2.5 ±0.8）分,付出-回报失衡指数平均得分为0.8 ±0.4,检出付出-回报失衡模式高职业紧张308人,检出率为19.9%;职业倦怠得分为（1.8 ±1.1）分,情绪耗竭、人格解体、工作成就感各维度得分分别为（2.2 ±1.6）分、（1.5 ±1.4）分、（4.4 ±1.5）分,检出有职业倦怠感133人,检出率为8.6%;抑郁症状得分为（7.8 ±4.5）分,检出有抑郁症状者391人,检出率为25.3%。Pearson相关分析显示,医务人员职业倦怠得分与职业紧张的付出、内在投入维度以及抑郁症状得分均呈正相关（r_s=0.412、0.542、0.667,P < 0.01）;抑郁症状得分与职业紧张的付出、内在投入维度得分均呈正相关（r_s=0.436、0.542,P < 0.01）,与职业紧张的回报维度得分呈负相关（r_s=-0.514,P < 0.01）。多元分层回归分析显示,职业紧张、职业倦怠对抑郁症状的预测作用均有统计学意义（P < 0.01）,职业紧张和职业倦怠对抑郁症状变化解释量分别为33.2%和13.9%。
  结论  广州市医务人员的职业紧张对其抑郁症状具有直接作用;职业倦怠作为职业紧张的负面结果,在职业紧张影响抑郁症状中发挥部分中介作用;减轻医务人员职业倦怠,有助于改善抑郁症状。
     

Burnout as a clinical entity--its importance in health care workers

Burnout, viewed as the exhaustion of physical or emotional strengthas a result of prolonged stress or frustration, was added tothe mental health lexicon in the 1970s, and has been detectedin a wide variety of health care providers. A study of 600 Americanworkers indicated that burnout resulted in lowered production,and increases in absenteeism, health care costs, and personnelturnover. Many employees are vulnerable, particularly as theAmerican job scene changes through industrial downsizing, corporatebuyouts and mergers, and lengthened work time, Burnout producesboth physical and behavioural changes, in some instances leadingto chemical abuse. The health professionals at risk includephysicians, nurses, social workers, dentists, care providersin oncology and AIDS-patient care personnel, emergency servicestaff members, mental health workers, and speech and languagepathologists, among others. Early identification of this emotionalslippage is needed to prevent the depersonalization of the provider-patientrelationship. Prevention and treatment are essentially parallelefforts, including greater job control by the individual worker,group meetings, better up-and-down communication, more recognitionof individual worth, job redesign, flexible work hours, fullorientation to job requirements, available employee assistanceprogrammes, and adjuvant activity. Burnout is a health careprofessional's occupational disease which must be recognizedearly and treated.     

A Comparison of the Effect of Work Stress on Burnout and Quality of Life Between Female Nurses and Female Doctors

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of work stress on job burnout and quality of life between female nurses and doctors in China. The participants were 947 female nurses and 685 female doctors selected from Fujian provinces by using stratified cluster sampling method. The Chinese version of Short Form-36 Health Survey was used to measure quality of life; the Occupation Stress Inventory—Revised Edition was applied for occupational stress; and the Maslach Burnout Inventory—General Survey was used to assess job burnout. Occupational stress (indicated by different stressors) played an important role in job burnout and quality of life among female nurses and female doctors when taking into account other potential influencing factors simultaneously. These results show that it is important to adopt different preventive measures to prevent burnout and improve quality of life among the 2 populations according to the different stressors.     

广西18所监狱警察工作压力与职业倦怠的关系: 心理资本的中介作用

摘要:目的　考察监狱警察工作压力与心理资本、职业倦怠之间的关系。方法　采用监狱警察压力问卷（Prison Police's Job Stress Scale）、职业倦怠问卷（Maslach Burnout Inventory General Surrey）、心理资本问卷（Psychological Capital Questionnaire）对广西18所监狱450名警察进行调查。结果　职位为科员、副科的监狱警察工作压力显著高于正科监狱警察（P＜0.05）,其他人口学变量在各量表的得分差异均无统计学意义。工作压力与职业倦怠呈显著正相关（r＝0.588,P＜0.001）,与心理资本及自我效能、希望、韧性、乐观维度呈显著负相关（r＝-0.277～-0.434,均P＜0.001）;心理资本及自我效能、希望、韧性、乐观维度与职业倦怠呈显著负相关（r＝-0.512～-0.656,均P＜0.001）。心理资本在监狱警察工作压力与职业倦怠间存在部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比例为36.46%。结论　监狱警察的工作压力越大其职业倦怠水平越高,且心理资本在两者之间起到部分中介作用。     

护理人员的人格特征和应对方式与职业倦怠的关系研究

目的探讨护理人员人格特征和应对方式与其职业倦怠之间的关系。方法于2014年3-11月,应用中国版职业倦怠问卷、艾森克成人简式人格问卷以及简式应对方式量表对辽宁省6所公立医院720名护理人员进行问卷调查。对数据结果进行描述性统计分析、Pearson相关分析、分层回归分析及路径分析。结果720名护理人员职业倦怠的检出率为73.8%,其中轻度职业倦怠率为35.7%,中度职业倦怠率为32.3%,高度职业倦怠率为5.8%。性格内向、神经质的护理人员更易情感耗竭;精神质、神经质程度高,不选择积极应对方式、经常选择消极应对方式的护理人员更易人格解体;性格内向、不采用积极应对方式、选择消极应对方式的护理人员更容易感到成就感降低。结论护理人员人格特征和应对方式是护理人员职业倦怠的影响因素。护理人员应对方式在护理人员人格特征和职业倦怠之间起着中介作用。     

公司职员职业紧张与工作倦怠的关系

[目的]探讨公司职员职业紧张与工作倦怠的关系,以期为采取合适的干预措施提供科学依据。[方法]抽取静安区11座商务楼,问卷调查1033名职员,采用工作内容问卷（job content questionnaire,JCQ）和Maslach工作倦怠量表,调查职员一般情况、职员的职业紧张和工作倦怠情况。资料采用方差分析、等级相关和logistic回归方法进行统计分析。[结果]方差分析结果表明,JCQ各维度得分和工作倦怠量表各维度得分,在不同个体特征和不同职业特征之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;等级相关结果显示,职业紧张与工作倦怠的Spearman等级相关系数为0．321（P〈0．0001）;社会支持与职业紧张和工作倦怠的Spearman等级相关系数分别为-0．250和-0．252（P〈0．0001）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,不同职业紧张水平与工作倦怠风险有相关关系;而社会支持对工作倦怠的风险有缓冲效应OR=0．308（P〈0．01）。[结论]职业紧张受个体特征因素影响和职业相关因素影响;高职业紧张是发生工作倦怠危险的影响因素,尤其是发生潜在工作倦怠危险的重要影响因素。应当在个人层面和组织机构层面采取措施,降低职业紧张水平,从而降低工作倦怠的风险,达到提高职员健康水平的目的。     

Burnout and personality in intensive care: an empirical study

Previous research into the causes of burnout has mainly been concerned with external triggers, such as onerous work criteria or organizational or social influences. Factors such as individual reactions and personality have largely been ignored as a possible etiology of burnout. In preparation for a long-term study, this general cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between burnout and personality variables. Different personality variables that have a possible impact on burnout were determined in a number of prestudies. The data were gathered from 119 people working in intensive care units. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used as well as certain subscales of the following personality questionnaires: Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), Inventory of Aggressivity (IA), Trier Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), Scales of Control (SC), Locus of Control (LC), and the Logo-test (LOGO). The scales of mental health, respectively Psychoprotection, external locus of control, and neuroticism, were confirmed as being statistically relevant concerning burnout. The application and significance of this study for future burnout research are discussed.     

自我效能感在社区医护人员职业倦怠和主观幸福感之间的中介作用

目的 探讨社区医护人员职业倦怠、自我效能感与主观幸福感的关系以及自我效能感的中介作用。方法 2021年10月—2022年1月,采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,选取山东省潍坊市384名社区医护人员为研究对象,使用职业倦怠量表（MBI）、自我效能感量表、主观幸福感量表进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 21.0进行独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析及相关性分析。结果 社区医护人员职业倦怠、自我效能感和主观幸福感总分分别为:（45.86±18.12）、（27.07±6.43）、（13.44±3.04）;职业倦怠与自我效能、主观幸福感呈负相关（r = - 0.29,P＜0.05）（r = - 0.30,P＜0.05）。自我效能感与主观幸福感呈正相关（r = 0.93,P＜0.05）;中介作用结果显示,社区医护人员自我效能感在职业倦怠和主观幸福感之间起完全中介作用,中介总效应值为 - 0.313。结论 在自我效能感作用下,社区医护人员职业倦怠对主观幸福感的直接作用不显著,但职业倦怠可以通过自我效能感的中介作用,间接影响社区医护人员的主观幸福感。自我效能感在社区医护人员职业倦怠和主观幸福感之间起完全中介作用。