体外震波碎石治疗儿童上尿路结石300例分析

目的 探讨体外震波碎石(ESWL)治疗儿童上尿路结石的安全性和疗效.方法 采用ESWL治疗儿童上尿路结石300例,患儿年龄7个月～10岁,其中肾结石202例,输尿管结石98例.首次ESWL治疗后1周～3个月检查发现尿路梗阻或结石未排尽者再行ESWL治疗.首次 ESWL治疗后3个月评定患者治疗效果.结果 202例肾结石患儿1次ESWL治愈169例(83.66%),2次ESWL治愈32例(15.84%),1例改行经皮肾镜碎石术治疗.98例输尿管结石患儿1次ESWL治愈84例(85.71%),2次ESWL治愈13例(13.27%),1例改行输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗.首次 ESWL治疗后3个月肾、输尿管结石治愈率分别为94.55%和98.98%,所有患儿均无严重并发症发生.结论 ESWL是治疗儿童上尿路结石安全、有效的方法.     

体外震波碎石治疗儿童上尿路结石300例分析

目的探讨体外震波碎石(ESWL)治疗儿童上尿路结石的安全性和疗效。方法采用ESWL治疗儿童上尿路结石300例,患儿年龄7个月～10岁,其中肾结石202例,输尿管结石98例。首次ESWL治疗后1周～3个月检查发现尿路梗阻或结石未排尽者再行ESWL治疗。首次ESWL治疗后3个月评定患者治疗效果。结果 202例肾结石患儿1次ESWL治愈169例(83.66%),2次ESWL治愈32例(15.84%),1例改行经皮肾镜碎石术治疗。98例输尿管结石患儿1次ESWL治愈84例(85.71%),2次ESWL治愈13例(13.27%),1例改行输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗。首次ESWL治疗后3个月肾、输尿管结石治愈率分别为94.55%和98.98%,所有患儿均无严重并发症发生。结论 ESWL是治疗儿童上尿路结石安全、有效的方法。     

体外震波碎石术的配合及护理

体外震波碎石术(ESWL)是利用高能聚焦震波在体外非接触性裂解粉碎结石的无创伤性治疗新技术,它是尿路结石治疗上划时代的创举。这种治疗可使患者避免手术的痛苦,具有适应症广、治愈率高、可反复使用的优点。我院自1988年6月至1989年1月采用JT——ESWL——Ⅱ型肾结石粉碎机治疗泌尿系结石684例,其中包括肾结石437例、输尿管结石238例、膀胱结石9例。     

体外震波碎石与输尿管镜弹道碎石术治疗下尿路结石的疗效比较

目的:比较体外震波碎石(ESWL)与输尿管镜弹道碎石术(URSL)治疗下尿路结石的疗效。方法:对264例下尿路结石的患者分别实施ESWL和URSL,其中126例采用ESWL治疗,138例采用URSL治疗。结果:ESWL组有效率为76.4%,URSL组有效率为89.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);URSL组并发症(发热、血尿、恶心、呕吐、肾绞痛)发生率均低于ESWL组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:输尿管镜弹道碎石术治疗下尿路结石有效率高,术后并发症发生率低,治疗效果优于体外震波碎石。     

新一代体外震波碎石机治疗上尿路结石

目的　总结分析新一代体外震波碎石机对上尿路结石的治疗效果。方法　回顾性地分析了接受体外震波碎石 (ESWL)的 116例上尿路结石患者。结果　 116例共接受了 14 4次碎石治疗 ,平均每例 1.2 4次 ,总成功率为 85 .3%。结论　体外震波碎石最好用于治疗肾上盏结石、肾中盏结石、肾盂结石、输尿管上、中段结石及直径小于 2 0mm的结石。下盏结石及直径大于 2 0mm的结石需要较多的治疗次数 (P <0 .0 1)。肾下盏结石、输尿管下段结石及直径大于 2 0mm的结石其碎石成功率低 (P <0 .0 5 )     

输尿管镜配合体外震波碎石治疗输尿管结石36例临床分析

目的探讨经尿道输尿管镜下输尿管气压弹道碎石术并配合体外震波碎石(ESWL)治疗输尿管结石的疗效。方法 36例输尿管中上段结石患者接受输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术,留置双J管内引流,对于返回肾内的结石辅以ESWL治疗。结果术后1～8周复查腹部平片或者B超,结石均已排出,未发生急性梗阻或石街形成。结论输尿管镜配合体外震波碎石治疗上尿路结石可明显提高治疗的成功率,具有创伤小、并发症少、患者痛苦少等优点。     

低能量体外震波碎石治疗尿路结石268例报告

目的：探讨低能量体外震波碎石的治疗效果及其副作用以及X线、B超双定位技术在的ESWL中的优势。方法：应用HB-V型低能量体外震波碎石机治疗尿路结石268例。结果：268例均获成功，结石粉碎率100％，排净率100％，所有患者术后都出现了轻微血尿，肾结石者12小时内消失，输尿管结石者1～2次后消失。7例形成输尿管石街，经再次ESWL治疗后消失。6例局部皮肤出现红斑。结论：低能量体外震波碎石率高，血尿时间短，副作用小，无严重并发症。X线、B超双定位技术、低能量ESWL是一种较理想的尿路结治疗方法。     

体外震波碎石治疗尿路结石：附189例报告

体外震波碎石术(ESWL)是80年代兴起的治疗尿路结石新技术,国内郭氏1986年首先应用.我院于1988年10月始应用KDE-1型体外震波碎石机(中科院电工所研制),至1989年5月已治疗尿路结石400余例.现将随访3个月以上、资料齐全的189例报告如下.(一)临床资料1.一般情况:对1988年10月～1989年3月经KUB、IVP证实的尿路含钙结石、结     

体外震波碎石治疗尿路结石患者的护理体会

尿路结石又称尿石症是泌尿外科最常见疾病之一.尿路结石包括肾结石、输尿管结石、膀胱结石及尿道结石.体外震波碎石(ESWL)是治疗尿路结石的首选方法之一.利用高压放电产生冲击波聚焦后击碎体内的结石,使之随尿液排出体外,并具有高效、安全、微创、方便等特点,在门诊也可以接受治疗.现对2008年1月～2010年6月收治的尿石症患者进行体外震波碎石治疗的护理体会如下:     

体外冲击波治疗尿路结石854例探讨

报告国产JT—ESWL—Ⅱ型碎石机治疗尿路结石854例。其中结石直径<1.0 cm者186例,1～3 cm者588例,>3 cm者80例,最大一例为3.5 cm×7.5 cm。结石排空率为97.8％,其中一次震波治疗后结石排空率为84％。排空时间:10天内353例(42.3％),6个月内482例(57.7％)。残石率为2.2％。未出现严重并发症,效果满意。以神经安定镇痛术代替麻醉术。着重对复杂肾结石和膀胱、后尿道结石的震波治疗以及并发症的防治进行了讨论。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.