Sternberg双重任务作业绩效与情绪稳定性及心率变异性的关系

目的: 通过难度递增式Sternberg双重任务作业诱导被试的情绪反应,考查不同难度测验中个体作业绩效与情绪稳定性和心率变异性(HRV)的关系,探讨情绪情境诱导方式. 方法: 89名飞行学员分别完成3个不同难度等级的Sternberg双重任务作业,同时记录心电信号,分析时域及频域HRV. Sternberg双重任务作业主任务为跟踪作业,副任务为选择反应时作业. 根据选择反应的难度,副任务分为3个等级. 在被试者进行飞行训练时,由飞行教员用"飞行学员情绪稳定性效标评价量表"对其情绪稳定性进行评价. 此外,用招飞基本能力成绩作为飞行基本能力. 分析Sternberg双重任务作业成绩、飞行基本能力、情绪稳定性以及HRV的关系. 结果: Sternberg双重任务作业成绩好组与作业成绩差组基本能力无显著性差别. 无论是何种难度水平,作业成绩好组较作业成绩差组在效标评定得分上均较小,在难度3水平上,两组效标达到统计学显著水平(P<0.05). 在3种难度等级上,作业成绩好组均表现为较小的HRV 低频功率、高频功率、RR间期标准差、RR间期差值均方根、低高频功率比及心率,指标的变化趋势有着较好的一致性. 结论: 作业成绩与个体情绪稳定性间有着某种内在联系,个体情绪的稳定程度影响着认知作业的成绩,且具有一定的生理依据. 通过难度等级不同的行为作业可以作为情绪的诱导情境.     

经颅直流电刺激联合认知训练对工作记忆的影响

目的 探究认知训练不同时点联合经颅直流电刺激对健康年轻人工作记忆的影响。方法 105名健康大学生按区组随机分为训练后刺激组（n=35）、同时进行组（n=35）和刺激后训练组（n=35）,每组认知训练和经颅直流电刺激仅干预1次。采用数字广度任务（顺背和倒背）、字母数字广度、简易视觉空间记忆测验-修订版、韦氏记忆量表-第三版： 空间广度测验（顺行和逆行）、数字n-back任务于基线和干预后即刻对3组被试进行工作记忆评估。结果 除训练后刺激组和同时进行组空间广度测验（逆行）得分外,3组干预后数字广度（顺背和倒背）、字母数字广度、简易视觉空间记忆测验-修订版、空间广度测验（顺行）评估得分和数字n-back任务正确率均显著高于基线,数字n-back任务反应时显著低于基线,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;但3组干预后所有任务评估得分的增/减分率（只有数字n-back任务反应时计算减分率）差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 单次认知训练和经颅直流电刺激在3个不同时点联合均可显著提高健康人的工作记忆,但不同时点的联合刺激顺序对效果影响不显著。     

情绪调节差异对正常中老年人基本认知能力的影响

目的:初步探讨情绪调节差异对正常中老年人基本认知能力的影响。方法:采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)选出总体认知功能正常(MoCA得分≥26分)的中老年人(46~65岁),使用艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck personality questionnaire,EPQ)将总体认知功能正常的中老年人分为情绪稳定型和情绪不稳定型,按照性别、年龄、文化程度进行1:1匹配,分为情绪稳定组与情绪不稳定组,每组33人。借助基本认知能力测试软件检测两组受试者知觉速度、心算效率、空间表象、工作记忆和记忆再认5个方面的基本认知能力。结果:情绪不稳定组总分明显低于情绪稳定组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);情绪不稳定组受试者的知觉速度明显低于情绪稳定组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);工作记忆方面,两组可能存在差异(P=0.051);两组受试者在心算效率、空间表象、记忆再认方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:长期的情绪调节不良会加速正常中老年人基本认知能力的衰退进程,可使其提前进入轻度认知功能障碍的状态。     

不同色彩背景对选择反应和运算能力的影响研究

目的: 对不同色彩背景下认知操作的任务完成绩效进行比较研究. 方法: 95名青年男性,完成不同色彩背景下的连续相加和字母选择认知测验. 结果: 认知任务均受到了色彩背景的影响,并且不同的色彩背景之间统计学上存在差异. ①在操作时限为2 min的简单选择任务中,彩色背景下测试成绩之间无统计学差异,而非彩色之间以及非彩色与彩色背景之间有统计学差异(F=2.257,P＜0.05);②在连续相加任务中,操作时限为9 min,非彩色与彩色背景之间均有统计学差异(F=2.115, P＜0.05). 结论: 在视屏操作过程中,不同的背景色会影响到操作功能的反应速度和准确性,并且与任务难度及操作时间有关.     

情感性精神病任务转换特点的研究

目的采用任务转换范式探究情感性精神病患者认知灵活性的差异。方法对31例躁狂患者、30例抑郁患者及29例性别构成、年龄及受教育年限相匹配的正常对照组进行数字广度和言语流畅性等神经心理学背景测试,再对所有被试使用任务转换之线索提示范式进行测试。比较躁狂组、抑郁组与正常对照组的转换代价、混合代价。结果3组被试数字广度和言语流畅性测查结果差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;3组转换代价差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,对照组小于躁狂组、抑郁组（均P＜0.05）,躁狂组和抑郁组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;3组混合代价差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;躁狂组、抑郁组的受教育年数、病程与神经心理学背景测试得分有相关性,额叶言语流畅性与转换任务反应时有显著相关（P＜0.05或0.01）。结论情感性精神病转换代价明显高于正常对照组,认知灵活性存在问题。     

飞行人员正常眼暗适应曲线

目的:检测飞行人员正常眼的暗适应阈值,以建立该项指标的正常值曲线范围,为制定相关体格标准提供数据。方法:对58名现役海军航空兵健康飞行人员以单眼及双眼组分别进行了G/W暗适应阈值测定(1～3min时限内)。结果:(1)单眼组绝对阈值(?)=1.83㏒,双眼组(?)=1.89㏒,两组间无显著性差异(t=—0.5,P>0.05),两组各时限阈值((?))间亦无显著性差异(t=-0.12～1.13,P>0.05)。(2)绝对阈值无左、右眼别差异(t=0.17,P>0.05),但有年龄差异。结论:58例飞行人员正常眼暗适应绝对阈值(?)=1.86㏒,正常值范围为1.46～2.26㏒,正常暗适应曲线值可供飞行人员体检及医务鉴定参考之用。     

情绪调节差异对正常中老年人基本认知能力的影响

目的:初步探讨情绪调节差异对正常中老年人基本认知能力的影响。国内外研究发现,年龄、性别、文化程度、遗传、高血压、糖尿病、脑卒中、社会心理等因素都会导致中老年人认知能力下降,而且不同因素之间还有相互作用,但是关于情绪方面的研究尚存不足。本课题组前期动物实验研究发现,负性情绪(发怒、郁怒等)使中枢神经系统生理唤醒水平增高,长期负性情绪应激导致学习记忆能力下降。那么情绪调节不良是否会加速中老年人认知能力下降进程,使其提前进入认知功能障碍状态。方法:本次研究方法采用量表和软件检测正常中老年人认知能力和情绪特质。(1)采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(montreal cognitive assessment,Mo CA),在郑州市多个社区筛选出总体认知功能正常(Mo CA得分≥26分)的中老年人(46~65岁)。(2)使用艾森克个性问卷(eysenck personality questionnaire,EPQ)评估被试情绪特质,并根据其神经质(N)维度得分进行分组,N维度得分>(x+s)=56.7为情绪不稳定组、分值<(x-s)=43.3为情绪稳定组,选出符合标准的被试按照性别、年龄、文化程度进行1︰1匹配。(3)借助《基本认知能力测验》软件检测其反应速度、心算效率、空间表象、工作记忆和记忆再认五个方面的基本认知能力水平,反应速度测验被试的感觉运动速度,是加工速度的最基本的层次,心算效率反映被试的思维速度,空间表象反映心理旋转效率,工作记忆反映工作记忆的能力,而字图再认反映再认记忆能力。结果:情绪不稳定组较情绪稳定组整体认知能力差(总得分P<0.05),分测试方面,情绪不稳定组在反应速度低于情绪稳定组(P<0.05);工作记忆低于情绪不稳定组,差异有边缘显著性(P=0.051),心算效率、空间表象、字图记忆方面统计结果无差异。结论:长期情绪调节不良虽无明显病变,但易引发焦虑、抑郁、冲动状态,使人的生活适应能力降低,这类个体的高度焦虑状态和易受干扰信息影响的特质对其任务表现造成了不利影响,严重影响人类的身心健康,加速机体正常衰老进程,并引发学习记忆障碍、痴呆、抑郁症、免疫力低下等多系统疾患。本次研究中主要表现为动作迟缓,不能胜任需要快速反应的工作,在解决复杂问题时比较吃力。长期情绪调节不良会加速正常中老年人基本认知能力的衰退进程,甚至可能使其提前进入认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)状态。     

正常中老年人负性情绪积累对认知能力的影响

目的:观察正常中老年人负性情绪积累对认知能力的影响。方法:以社区正常中老年人为调查对象,进行艾森克个性问卷调查,并以此为基准将受试者分为情绪稳定组与不稳定组。采用基本认知能力测验软件对两组受试者进行认知能力测验。结果:情绪不稳定组与情绪稳定组受试者在基本认知能力测试总分、知觉速度、空间能力、工作记忆及记忆方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但情绪不稳定组受试者心算能力、数字快速拷贝平均反应和心算效率方面低于情绪稳定组,差别有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:中老年人的情绪状态会对自身基本认知能力产生影响,长期负性情绪积累会引起认知能力下降。     

精细化健康体检管理模式在体检中心中的应用研究

目的 分析精细化健康体检管理模式在体检中心中的应用.方法 将160例体检人群根据数字随机表法分两组,各80例.常规组采用传统体检引导,精细化组则实施精细化健康体检管理模式.比较两组体检护理满意度;体检中心人员服务态度、操作技术评分、环境评分;尿常规检查等候时间、抽血等候时间;干预前后体检人群SAS评分、SDS评分.结果 精细化组体检护理满意度高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);精细化组体检中心人员服务态度、操作技术评分、环境评分高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);精细化组体检人群尿常规检查等候时间、抽血等候时间短于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预前两组SAS评分、SDS评分相近,差异无统计学意义;出院时精细化组SAS评分、SDS评分优于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 精细化健康体检管理模式在体检中心中的应用效果确切,可营造良好环境,提升服务水平和操作技术,有效减轻体检者不良情绪,缩短其体检等候时间,提高其护理满意度,值得推广.     

二炮某部军人情绪调节方式的特点研究

目的 研究二炮某部军人情绪调节方式的特点,为制定情绪调节方案提供依据.方法 采用情绪调节方式量表(emotion regulation questionnaire,ERQ)对二炮某部1 420名军人进行团体测试,进行年龄、学历层次、人员类别以及适应状况上的组间比较.结果 ①不同年龄段的二炮军人在认知重评和表达抑制分上差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),认知重评分随着年龄增长具有增加的发展趋势,而表达抑制分随着年龄增长具有下降的趋势;②不同职别的二炮军人在认知重评上差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),在表达抑制上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),军官的表达抑制分最低,并与士兵、士官比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);③不同文化层次的二炮军人在认知重评和表达抑制分上差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).本科及以上学历的军人认知重评分最高,表达抑制分最低;④不同适应状况的二炮军人在认知重评分上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而在表达抑制上差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).很适应部队生活的军人认知重评分最高,并与其余组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 二炮军人的情绪调节方式具有年龄、职别、文化层次及适应状况上的特征,在二炮部队开展军人情绪调节训练,制定有效的情绪调节方案应该考虑这些因素分层进行.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.