鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术入路及显微手术技巧

目的：探讨显微手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术入路选择和显微外科技巧。方法回顾性分析46例鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,46例均应用显微外科技术切除,其中额下入路19例,翼点入路14例,额下-翼点联合入路7例,眶上锁孔入路6例。结果46例中,肿瘤全切除（SimpsonⅠ、Ⅱ级）42例,次全切除（SimpsonⅢ级）4例。手术后视力改善39例,无改变5例,视力减退2例。结论适宜的手术入路和精细的显微外科技巧,可显著提高鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术疗效。     

鞍上巨大脑膜瘤的手术入路和显微切除技术

目的 探讨鞍上巨大脑膜瘤的手术入路和显微外科技术。方法 总结17例鞍上巨大脑膜瘤的临床资料,共采用4种手术入路显微技术治疗,其中双侧额下入路5例,低位额下入路5例,纵裂入3例,额颞入路4例。结果 肿瘤全切除13例（76．5％）,部分切除4例（23．5％）;17例患者术后头痛症状全部消失;15例有视力障碍者,视力10例改善,3例无变化,2例恶化;出现轻度尿崩2例,3周后恢复正常。结论 合理选择手术入路并熟练应用外科技术,是手术成功的关键。     

鞍区及鞍旁脑膜瘤35例显微外科治疗体会

目的：总结鞍区及鞍旁脑膜瘤的影像学特点、手术入路及手术效果，以提高其治疗效果。方法：回顾分析1997年至今收治的35例鞍区及鞍旁脑膜瘤，瘤体最大径为3—6．7cm，平均5．36cm，其中单侧额下经纵裂或不经纵裂入路切除18例，采用翼点或扩大翼点入路切除17例。结果：肿瘤全切除(Simpson I、II)31例，近全切除4例，无手术死亡。术后颅高压症状均有缓解，18例有视力视野障碍者，改善11例，无改变5例，变差2例。结论：对于鞍上向前方、上方生长以及鞍内脑膜瘤甚至向蝶窦内生长者，可以采用单侧额下经纵裂入路；而对于向侧方或后方生长的鞍区脑膜瘤，可采用翼点入路或扩大翼点入路，两者均能获得良好的肿瘤暴露，全切除率较高。     

鞍区脑膜瘤手术显露程度分级与评估

经不同手术入路应用显微外科技术切除鞍区脑膜瘤３５例。按术中是否需要脑牵拉与脑组织的直观反应，将手术显露程度分四级。Ⅰ级：肿瘤自然显露，毋须脑牵拉便将肿瘤切除１２例，占３４．３％；Ⅱ级：对脑间断性略加牵拉，去牵拉后，局部外观与未牵拉部无异１７例，占４８．６％；Ⅲ级：牵拉处脑组织有伤痕３例，占８．６％；Ⅳ好：脑损伤较明显或呈不同程度的肿胀３例，占８．６％。全组Ⅱ～Ⅰ级显露２９例，占８２．９％，以经眶颧额颞下入路切除鞍旁脑膜瘤时最多见。本显露程度分级可作为衡量颅底肿瘤手术方法是否合理的一项指标。     

鞍区脑膜瘤手术入路的选择与评价

以四级分类法评价经不同的手术入路切除鞍区不同部位脑膜瘤３８例所获显露程度。结果表明，经眶颧额颁下入路对鞍旁脑膜瘤显露最佳，应作为其首选入路。经翼点入路则对鞍上脑膜瘤显露良好，可作为其首选入路。     

眶上翼点入路处理大型蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤和鞍结节脑膜瘤

目: 结近5年来采用眶上翼点入路和显微外科手术治疗17例大型蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤和鞍结节脑膜瘤的经验和体会。方法：采用眶上翼点入路和显微外科手术治疗大型鞍结节脑膜瘤9例和大型蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤8例。结果：大型鞍结节脑膜瘤手术全切除8例，次全切除1例。大型蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤全切除7例，次全切除1例。全组无手术死亡。术前视力明显减退的11例患，术后4例明显好转，2例改善，4例无变化，1例较术前恶化。结论：眶上翼点入路在大型蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤和鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术处理中是一种较好的手术入路。     

鞍区脑膜瘤的临床特征及手术治疗策略

目的:探讨鞍区脑膜瘤的临床特征及手术治疗策略。方法:回顾性分析我院经手术治疗鞍区脑膜瘤49例临床资料,比较鞍上型与鞍旁型脑膜瘤的临床特征,对比单侧额下入路与翼点入路的差异,总结鞍区脑膜瘤手术治疗策略。结果:鞍上型21例,鞍旁型28例,鞍上型脑膜瘤对视力、视野的影响及对垂体、视神经压迫较鞍旁型更常见(P<0.05)。49例鞍区脑膜瘤,全切33例(SimpsonⅠ级、Ⅱ级),次全切14例(SimpsonⅢ级),部分切除(SimpsonⅣ级)2例,全切率为67.3%。单侧额下入路与翼点入路相比,术中出血量、手术时间及术后住院时间均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:鞍上型与鞍旁型脑膜瘤的临床特点具有差异,前者对视力、视野的影响及对垂体、视神经压迫更常见。在保留患者神经功能及生活质量的基础上,最大程度切除肿瘤是主要目的,单侧额下入路及翼点入路均能使鞍区肿瘤获得良好暴露,对比术中出血量、手术时间及住院时间无明显差异。     

鞍区脑膜瘤手术入路的选择与评价

以四级分类法评价经不同的手术入路切除鞍区不同部位脑膜瘤３８例所获得显露程度，结果表明，经眶颧额颞下入路对鞍旁脑膜瘤显露最佳，应作为其首选入路。经翼点入路则对鞍上脑膜瘤显露良好，可作为其首选入路。     

经眶颧额颞下联合入路显微外科技术切除鞍旁脑膜瘤

经眶颧额颞下联合入路，显微外科技术切除鞍旁脑膜瘤１８例。肿瘤全切除１４例（７８％），４例因肿瘤包裹颈内动脉或和入侵海绵窦，仅行次全切除；无死亡，全组术后Ｋａｒｎｏｆｓｋｙ记分均恢复正常或显著改善。作者认为，本入路便于广泛切除颅底受浸润骨质，毋须牵拉脑组织或牵拉甚微，便可对海绵窦侧壁与其邻近区域提供极好显露，对切除鞍旁脑膜瘤十分有利。     

鞍区脑膜瘤供血分型

连续施行鞍上、鞍旁脑膜瘤显微外科切除术３４例，发现颈内动脉（ＩＣＡ）系为肿瘤的主要供血来源。除岩斜坡－蝶区脑膜瘤２例外，按手术显微镜下对肿瘤供血动脉的直接观察与电凝脑膜中动脉（ＭＭＡ）后肿瘤的血运状况，将其供血分四型：颈外动脉（ＥＣＡ）为主型２例（６．３％）；ＥＣＡ－ＩＣＡ供血相当型５例（１５．６％）；ＩＣＡ为主型１８例（５６．１％）；ＩＣＡ单独供血型７例（２１％）。肿瘤发生部愈近中线，ＩＣＡ供血趋势愈明显；ＥＣＡ主要供血者仅见于鞍旁型脑膜瘤。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.