瑞芬太尼对人肝细胞缺氧复氧损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨瑞芬太尼对人肝细胞缺氧复氧损伤的保护作用.方法 人肝细胞株HL-7702,建立培养肝细胞缺氧复氧损伤模型.将培养的肝细胞分为7组,每组6个样本,缺氧培养15h,复氧5h,然后分别取上清液和肝细胞线粒体,测定ALT、AST、MDA的含量和SOD的活性.结果 与正常对照组相比较,损伤对照组的ALT、AST、MDA明显升高,而SOD活性明显下降(P＜0.05).低浓度的瑞芬太尼(5、10、20ng/ml)能使细胞内ALT、AST、MDA明显降低(P＜0.05)及SOD活性明显升高(P＜0.05).而瑞芬太尼浓度＞30ng/ml时,其结果与损伤对照组比较差异无统计学意义.结论 低浓度瑞芬太尼对缺氧复氧的肝细胞损伤具有保护作用.     

瑞芬太尼对缺氧复氧损伤人肝L02细胞的保护作用

目的探讨瑞芬太尼（remifentanil,REM）对缺氧复氧损伤人肝L02细胞的作用及机制。方法将培养的人肝L02细胞分为正常对照组（c组）、单纯缺氧复氧组（0组）及瑞芬太尼处理组（R组）;其中R组又根据药物浓度不同分为7个亚组。C组正常培养,0、R两组缺糖缺氧处理5h后恢复正常条件培养12h,分别使用MTT比色法测定细胞活力、流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况、比色法测定细胞培养液LDH活力,激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞内钙浓度动态变化。结果5～40ng／ml的瑞芬太尼处理使缺氧复氧损伤L02细胞活力上升、细胞凋亡比例下降,5～30ng/ml的瑞芬太尼处理使培养液中LDH活力降低（P〈0．05）;40ng／ml瑞芬太尼处理后L02细胞内钙浓度上升时间延迟（P〈0．05）。结论5—40ng／ml的瑞芬太尼处理对缺氧复氧损伤肝细胞具有保护作用,可能与瑞芬太尼抑制细胞凋亡和减轻钙超载有关。     

缺氧预处理对 L02肝细胞Bcl-2、Bax、Fas及FasL表达的影响

目的:研究缺氧预处理对正常肝细胞株L02缺血再灌注损伤的抗凋亡机制.方法:将体外培养的L02细胞分为3组:正常对照组(A组)、缺氧复氧损伤组(B组)、缺氧预处理组(C组).各组细胞缺氧复氧处理1、6、1 2、18、24 h后,使用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,各组细胞分别缺氧复氧、缺氧预处理后12 h检测细胞Bcl 2、Bax、Fas及FasL蛋白表达,同时对细胞结构进行电镜观察.结果:C组和B组比较,细胞凋亡率明显降低(P＜0.05),细胞Bcl-2蛋白表达明显升高(P＜0.05),Bax、Fas及FasL蛋白表达量显著降低(P＜0.05),透射电镜观察到缺氧预处理组细胞结构基本正常.结论:缺氧预处理明显减轻了缺氧复氧所导致的L02肝细胞损伤,降低了细胞凋亡率,缺氧预处理保护机制和Bcl-2、Bax、Fas及FasL蛋白表达有关.     

二氮嗪预处理对培养H9C2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨线粒体KATP(Mito-KATP)通道特异性开放剂二氮嗪预处理在H9C2心肌细胞缺氧、复氧损伤中的作用及其机制.方法 将培养的H9C2心肌细胞随机分为5组,即(Ⅰ)对照组;(Ⅱ)缺氧/复氧组;(Ⅲ) 二氮嗪(DZ)预处理组;(Ⅳ) 二氮嗪加ROS清除剂2-巯基丙酰氨基乙酸(MPG)预处理加缺氧/复氧组;(Ⅴ) 二氮嗪加PKC的特异性抑制剂氯化白屈菜赤碱(CH)预处理加缺氧/复氧组.对照组常规培养;缺氧/复氧组缺氧培养100min,复氧30min;其余各组则加入相应的药物预处理10min,DZ、MPG和CH的终浓度分别为200、400mmol/L和2mmol/L,更换无血清培养基培养20 min,然后再缺氧100min,复氧30 min.采用Hoechst33258染色、JC-1荧光标记和Western blotting等方法分别检测H9C2心肌细胞的凋亡率、线粒体膜电位变化和细胞色素C的释放量.结果 二氮嗪预处理能减少缺氧/复氧损伤后H9C2心肌细胞的凋亡率(P＜0.01);阻止线粒体膜电位的下降(P＜0.01);减少线粒体释放细胞色素C(P＜0.01);预处理过程中加入MPG、CH在一定程度上可抑制二氮嗪预处理的心肌保护效应.结论 缺氧/复氧损伤可通过降低H9C2心肌细胞线粒体膜电位,引发线粒体释放细胞色素C,从而诱导心肌细胞的凋亡.开放Mito-KATP通道能减轻H9C2心肌细胞的缺氧/复氧损伤,其机制可能与开放Mito-KATP通道、释放信号分子ROS和激活PKC有关.     

利多卡因对缺氧/复氧后肝细胞钙超载和细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨利多卡因预处理对L02肝细胞缺氧/复氧后肝细胞内钙离子变化和细胞凋亡的影响.方法:选用L02肝细胞缺氧/复氧损伤模型,随机分为缺氧/复氧组(Ⅰ 组)、利多卡因预处理组(Ⅱ组)和正常对照组(Ⅲ组);检测肝细胞缺氧4 h,复氧后10 h 细胞培养基中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)浓度、谷草转氨酶(AST)浓度、肝细胞内钙离子浓度、肝细胞凋亡率以及细胞形态结构变化.结果:缺氧/复氧后肝细胞内钙离子浓度升高,且与细胞凋亡率呈正相关(P＜0.05);Ⅰ,Ⅱ组细胞复氧10 h后肝细胞培养液中ALT浓度、AST 浓度、肝细胞内钙离子浓度、细胞凋亡率较Ⅲ组均升高(P＜0.05),倒置显微镜和电子显微镜示肝细胞损伤,可见凋亡细胞;Ⅱ组细胞复氧10 h后肝细胞培养液中ALT浓度、AST浓度、肝细胞内钙离子浓度、细胞凋亡率均低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),倒置显微镜和电子显微镜结果也显示Ⅲ组肝细胞比Ⅰ组损伤轻微.结论:利多卡因预处理可以缓解缺氧/复氧损伤后肝细胞内钙超载,降低细胞凋亡率.     

异氟烷预处理激活Nrf2-ARE通路保护H9c2心肌细胞缺氧-复氧损伤

目的 研究异氟烷预处理对大鼠胚胎心肌细胞(H9c2)缺氧-复氧损伤及Nrf2-ARE信号通路的影响.方法 用大鼠H9c2细胞低氧模拟缺血性损伤,并将细胞分为空白对照组、缺氧-复氧组、异氟烷预处理组、转染Nrf2 siRNA组、转染非特异性siRNA组(Scramble组)、异氟烷预处理的Scramble组和异氟烷预处理的siRNA组.采用MTT法检测H9c2细胞存活率,TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡,分别使用硫代巴比妥酸法(TBA)和分光光度法测定MDA和GSH水平,qRT-PCR及Western blot检测Nrf2、HO-1和NQO1基因的表达.结果 与空白对照组比较,缺氧-复氧组细胞活力降低,凋亡细胞数上升,MDA水平升高,GSH水平降低,同时H9c2细胞中Nrf2、HO-1和NQO1的mRNA和蛋白表达降低,差异均具有统计学意义(JP＜0.01).与缺氧-复氧组比较,异氟烷可提高H9c2细胞活力,降低凋亡细胞数,并降低MDA水平,升高GSH水平,上调Nrf2、HO-1和NQO1的表达(P＜0.05).siRNA转染组Nrf2的mRNA和蛋白表达与缺氧-复氧组和Scramble组相比均降低(P＜0.05),2％异氟烷对siRNA转染组Nrf2 mRNA和蛋白表达均无影响(P＞0.05);经2％异氟烷处理的siRNA转染组H9c2细胞存活率与空白对照组、2％异氟烷处理组和2％异氟烷处理的Scramble组相比降低,凋亡细胞数增多,MDA水平升高,GSH水平降低(P＜0.05).结论 异氟烷预处理对H9c2细胞缺氧-复氧损伤具有保护作用,这种保护作用与激活Nrf2-ARE信号通路有关.     

异丙酚对大鼠肾小管上皮细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨异丙酚不同给药时机对肾小管上皮细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用及机制研究.方法 噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测异丙酚不同给药时机对肾小管上皮细胞缺氧/复氧损伤后细胞活力的影响,流式细胞仪分析细胞凋亡的状况.RT-PCR法检测细胞中bcl-2mRNA表达.结果 ①缺氧/复氧组细胞死亡率和凋亡率与对照组相比明显增高,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).异丙酚预先和即时给药组明显降低细胞死亡率和凋亡率,差异有显著性(P＜0.01),而异丙酚延迟给药组此作用不明显,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).②缺氧/复氧后bcl-2mRNA的表达明显减少(P＜0.05),异丙酚预先和即时给药组上调bcl-2mRNA的表达,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),而异丙酚延迟给药组此作用不明显,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 异丙酚预先和即时给药明显降低细胞死亡率和凋亡率,而异丙酚延迟给药此作用不明显.异丙酚预先和即时给药能上调bcl-2mRNA的表达,而异丙酚延迟给药此作用不明显.     

依达拉奉对原代海马神经元缺氧复氧损伤的保护作用

目的:研究依达拉奉对原代培养海马神经元缺氧复氧损伤的保护机制.方法:建立离体海马神经元缺氧复氧的细胞损伤模型,实验分组为正常对照组、缺氧复氧组、依达拉奉干预组,其中依达拉奉干预浓度分为1、10、100和300 μmol/L.观察海马细胞四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)代谢率、丙二醛(MDA)含量及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的变化,流式细胞仪观察细胞凋亡.结果:与缺氧复氧组相比,依达拉奉100μmol/L组和300 μmol/L组的MTT代谢率显著增高(P＜0.01),MDA含量降低(P＜0.05),NOS活性降低(P＜0.05),细胞凋亡率降低(P＜0.01).结论:依达拉奉能够有效地抑制脂质过氧化作用,降低MDA及NOS活性,减少细胞凋亡率,对缺氧损伤的神经元具有显著的神经保护作用.     

PKCε信号通路介导甘青铁线莲活性成分APG抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的机制研究

目的研究不同浓度甘青铁线莲活性成分APG对H9C2大鼠心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其可能的机制。方法体外培养H9C2大鼠心肌细胞,经2μM/L和4μM/L的APG预处理24 h后,建立缺氧复氧损伤模型(I/R)(缺氧45 min,复氧3 h)。采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,检测细胞培养液乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的释放量、丙二醛(MDA)的释放量和细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力;采用Western Blot法检测细胞内蛋白激酶Cε(PKCε)、Caspase-3、Bax和Bcl-2表达情况,使用特异性PKCε抑制剂CHE观察PKCε信号通路在此过程中的作用。结果 I/R处理可抑制H9C2细胞活性,细胞培养基中LDH、MDA含量升高,SOD活力降低(与Control组比较,P0.05)。抑制PKCε表达,上调Caspase-3表达,下调Bcl-2/Bax比例(与Control组比较,P0.05)。2μM/L和4μM/L的APG预处理均可发挥细胞保护作用,降低LDH与MDA释放量,提高SOD活力(与I/R组比较,P0.05)。此外,APG处理对抗了I/R损伤引起的PKCε表达下调,抑制Caspase-3表达,提高了Bcl-2/Bax比例(与I/R组比较,P0.05)。CHE处理后细胞活力下降,Caspase-3表达上调,Bcl-2/Bax比例下降,凋亡增加(与APG+I/R组比较,P0.05)。结论甘青铁线莲中活性成分APG可减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤,其机制可能是激活PKCε相关信号通路,最终抑制心肌细胞凋亡。     

Akt信号途径参与二氮嗪预处理抑制缺氧复氧损伤大鼠海马神经元的凋亡

目的 探讨二氮嗪(DZ)预处理能否通过上调Akt信号增强Bcl-2表达、抑制Bax表达发挥抗凋亡作用.方法 离体培养9～10 d SD大鼠海马神经元分为正常对照组(A组)、缺氧组(B组)、缺氧+DZ 100 μmol/L组(c组)、缺氧+DZ 100 μmol/L+5-羟癸酸100 μmol/L组(D组)、缺氧+DZ 100 μmol/L+LY294002 50 μmol/L组(E组),自缺氧前2 d开始,神经元接受DZ预处理,每天1次,每次1 h.每次实验,每组16孔或2皿细胞,实验重复3次.比较缺氧4 h复氧48 h各组海马神经元的活力、凋亡率、Akt、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达程度.结果 缺氧复氧后C组吸光度值较B、D、E组显著增高(P＜0.05);其他缺氧各组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).C组凋亡率较B、D、E组显著减低(P＜0.05).C组Akt、Bcl-2表达较B、D、E组强烈(P＜0.05),Bax表达则减弱(P＜0.05).B、D、E组问比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 DZ可经Akt信号通路上调Bcl-2/Bax蛋白比值而抑制缺氧复氧损伤大鼠海马神经元的凋亡.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.