0.75%罗哌卡因和0.5%布比卡因用于硬膜外阻滞剖宫产手术的比较

目的 比较０．７５％罗哌卡因和０．５％布比卡因对剖宫产手术硬膜外麻醉的临床效果。为罗哌卡因临床应用提供客观依据。方法 ２０例剖宫产术患者（ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级）随机分为二组，Ｉ组：０．７５％罗派卡因（ｎ＝１０例），ＩＩ组：０．５％布比卡因（ｎ＝１０例）取Ｌ２－３行硬膜外穿刺，向上置管３ｃｍ，注入１．０％利多卡因５ｍｌ试验量，５分钟后注入首次剂量罗哌卡因或布比卡因８～１５ｍｌ总量不超过２０ｍｌ，结果：两组     

0.75%罗比卡因与0.75%布比卡因腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉应用于剖宫产手术的评价

目的 比较 ０．７５％罗哌卡因与 ０．７５％布比卡因腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉用于剖宫产手术的可行性。方法 ＡＳＡ－Ⅰ～Ⅱ级初产妇４０例于腰硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产手术,随机、双盲分两组：Ｒ组（ｎ＝２０）腰麻用药为０．７５％罗哌卡因１．２～１．４ｍｌ（９－１０．５ｍｇ）出组（ｎ＝２０）腰麻用药为０．７５％布比卡因,剂量同Ｒ组。术中两组麻醉效应不足时经硬膜外导管补充１．６％利多卡因。术中连续监测呼吸和循环状况,评估麻醉效应,并观察围术期不良反应的发生及新生儿情况。结果 两组最高阻滞平面及达到时间相似（Ｐ＞０．０５）,但Ｒ组感觉和运动神经阻滞起效慢,维持时间短（Ｐ＜０．０５）;下肢运动阻滞程度Ｒ组显著低于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;术中Ｒ组有４例（２０％）发生心动过缓,Ｂ组５例（２５％）出现主观气促感;新生儿 Ａｐｇａｒ评分及脐动脉血气值在正常范围内．两组比较无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论 ０．７５％罗哌卡因用于硬腰联合麻醉剖腹产手术安全有效,与０．７５％布比卡因相比,下肢运动阻滞弱且恢复迅速。     

微量输液泵持续硬膜外腔注入术后镇痛

硬膜外麻醉下妇产科术后病人５０例（下称微泵组）,年龄２１～５９岁。术后硬膜外导管连接微量输液泵,用０２５％～０３％布比卡因５０～７０ｍｌ,内加芬太尼０１５～０２ｍｇ配成的混合液,以１５～２５ｍｌ／ｈ速度注入,持续２４～３６ｈ。另取同期同麻...     

布比卡因分别复合芬太尼、咪唑安定或曲马多用于术后硬膜外自控镇痛的比较

目的：比较布比卡因分别复合芬太尼,咪唑安定,曲马多行术后硬膜外自控镇痛（ＰＣＥＡ）的临床效果。方法：６０例在腰麻加硬膜外麻醉下行择期妇科手术的病人分为四组。Ａ组：０．１２５％布比卡因：Ｂ组：０．１２５％布比卡因＋芬太尼,Ｃ组０．１２５％布比卡因＋咪唑安定,Ｄ组：０．１２５％布比卡因＋曲马多ＰＣＥＡ参数设置,负荷剂量６ｍｌ,单次剂量３ｍｌ,锁定时间３０分钟,持续剂量２ｍｌ／ｈ。术后分别记录２４小时用     

罂粟碱加酚妥拉明与前列腺素E1对于阴茎勃起障碍的比较性研究

罂粟碱加酚妥拉明与前列腺素Ｅ１对于阴茎勃起障碍的比较性研究［ＢｅｃｈａｒａＡ，ｅｔａｌ．ＪＵｒｏｌ，１９９７，１５７∶２１３１］作者比较了１ｍｌ（３０ｍｇ／ｍｌ）罂粟碱加０５ｍｇ／ｍｌ酚妥拉明与１ｍｌ（３０μｇ／ｍｌ）前列腺素Ｅ１的疗效及短期副作用...     

布比卡因加强硬膜外吗啡术后镇痛作用的观察

ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级妇科盆腔手术病人４０例,随机分为Ａ、Ｂ两组,每组２０例。两组术前均给安定１０ｍｇ肌注。硬膜外选Ｌ２～３间隙侧入法穿刺,向尾部注药０－７５％布比卡因４ｍｌ,向头方向置管４ｃｍ,用１－５％利多卡因＋０－２５％丁卡因＋１∶２０万肾上腺素混合液维持麻醉。Ａ组在关腹前２０分钟左右由硬膜外导管注入０－７５％布比卡因４ｍｌ,Ｂ组关腹前不给药。关腹后两组均给由专人配的吗啡混合液（吗啡１－６ｍｇ＋氟哌啶１－６ｍｇ＋麻黄碱１０ｍｇ用０－９％氯化钠稀释至６ｍｌ）,术毕拔除硬膜外导管。术后专人随访７２小时…     

脑脊液容量对0.5%布比卡因脊麻的影响

为探索脑脊液容量对脊麻平面的影响，２４例拟行下腹部以下手术病人随机分为三组：Ⅰ组（ｎ＝８）为ＣＳＦ自由滴出２～３滴；Ⅱ组（ｎ＝７）抽出ＣＳＦ３ｍｌ；Ⅲ组（ｎ＝９）抽出ＣＳＦ５ｍｌ。所有病人均接受１０ｍｇ０．５％布比卡因，推注速度０．５ｍｌ／ｓ。结果表明，最高头向感觉阻滞平面分别为Ｔ１０．６±１．６７，Ｔ８．６±２．２２和Ｔ４．２±１．１６，Ⅲ组组显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示人为减少ＣＳＦ容量有助于脊麻头向扩散。     

硬膜外阻滞加全麻在高龄剖胸手术病人的应用

ＡＳＡⅡ～Ⅲ高龄剖胸手术病人４０例，年龄７０～８２岁，随机平分为两组，麻醉过程如下：１．Ｃａｒｄｉｃｏａｐ监护仪持续监测并记录血压，心率及心律的变化，２．且Ｉ经Ｔ６～７或Ｔ５～６硬膜外穿刺置管并注芬太尼１．５μｇ／ｋｇ，全麻诱导：安定０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，２．５％硫喷妥钠４ｍｇ／ｋｇ，芬太尼２μｇ／ｋｇ，潘库溴胺０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，手术开始后硬质外注０．２％布比卡因６ｍｌ。术中麻这浅时注芬太尼及经回路内     

普鲁卡因静脉复合麻醉对左心功能的影响

作者曾对异氟酸和芬太尼对左心功能影响进行研究，发现大剂量芬太尼（４０μｇ／ｋｇ）抑制作用大于异氟醚。本文对普普卡因静脉复合麻醉对左心功能的影响进行研究，并与异氟醚吸入麻醉对照比较。资料与方法健康杂种犬旧只，体重１２．９±１．９ｋｇ。随机分为二组：对照组为异氟醚吸入麻醉（简称１组），犬８只，吸入１．５～１．６％（１．２ＭＡＣ）异氟醚。实验组为普鲁卡因静脉复合麻醉（简称Ｐ组），大１０只，静滴２％普鲁卡因复合液（１０％葡萄糖２００ｍｌ，１０％普鲁卡因５０ｍｌ，芬太尼０．２ｍｇ和琥珀胆碱２００ｍｇ），按…     

布吡卡因抗心律失学作用的实验研究

布吡卡因０．５，１．０，１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ静注能明显对抗乌头碱和氯化钡诱发大鼠的心律失常，预防氯仿诱发小鼠的室颤，增加哇巴因引起豚鼠心律失学及死亡而耐受量，与生理盐水对照组比较有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。布吡卡因１．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ抗心律失学作用与利多卡因４．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ效应相似。实验结果提示布吡卡因能影响细胞膜上多种离子通道，具有广谱抗心律失常作用。     

深圳市某两所小学流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学分析

目的：通过对深圳市某两所小学发生的流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学特点及差异性进行分析,为制定科学、高效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法2013年5～7月深圳市大鹏新区某两所小学爆发流行性腮腺炎,以学校为整体研究对象,分别标记为学校A（24个班,学生1210例）和学校B（27个班,学生1274例）,对比两所小学的疫情流行病学差异性。结果分析发现,学校A流行性腮腺炎发病率为4.30%,发病班级所占比54.17%,均较学校B1.73%和29.63%高,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;分析显示学校A学生出现疫病平均年龄为（11.2±1.1）岁,较学校B（9.34±1.0）岁,对比差异明显（P＜0.05）;且两组疫病患儿在接种疫苗率对比上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但疫情发生时,学校B疫苗紧急接种率明显高于学校A,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论小学作为流行性腮腺炎爆发的主要场所之一,疫病爆发高峰季节前,针对易感染人群给予相应的疫苗接种等预防控制措施,同时加强流行性腮腺炎的监测,对于降低感染人群数量,减轻、遏制疫情有着积极的意义,值得相关防控部门重视。     

不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效分析

目的：探讨不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效。方法：2008年3月-2013年2月收治指尖离断患者80例,38例吻合指侧方静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1或1：2或2：2,平均1：2;22例吻合指腹静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1;20例未吻合静脉,术中仅吻合1条动脉,行侧切口或甲床放血。观察各组治疗效果。结果：吻合指侧方静脉组手指全部成活,无一例发生回流障碍;吻合指腹静脉组19例发生静脉危象,其中4例手指坏死;未吻合静脉组20例均发生回流障碍,其中6例手指坏死。58例获随访,随访时间6~28个月。吻合指侧方静脉组32例,指尖外形佳、指腹饱满;吻合指腹静脉组14例,指体轻度萎缩,指甲生长不平整;未吻合静脉组12例,指体萎缩明显。吻合指侧方静脉组指甲生长近平整,长度长于其他两组[（14.4±3.2）mm比（12.5±2.3）mm和（12.2±2.2）mm],远侧指间关节活动度大于其他两组[（63±5）°比（48±3）°和（45±7）°],两点分辨觉小于其他两组[（4.6±0.4）mm比（7.1±1.2）mm和（7.3±0.6）mm],感觉级别高于其他两组[S（3.45±0.39）级比S（2.57±0.42）级和S（2.55±0.49）级],差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。吻合指腹静脉组和未吻合静脉组在指甲长度、运动和感觉方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：吻合指侧方静脉能有效解决指尖再植静脉回流问题,可避免回流障碍,成活率高,促进指甲生长,可恢复 DIPJ 活动度及感觉。     

Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine

Summary A survey of all members of the Swiss Medical Association of Manual Medicine was undertaken for the year 1989. Informative data were given by 425 respondents on the frequency of complications of manipulation as related to the spine. The number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations during 1989 (225 working days) was 805 for each respondent, and the number manipulations of the cervical spine 354. Thus, the total number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations was 342 125, and the total number of cervical manipulations was 150 450. The overall incidence of side-effects of transient complications due to cervical spine manipulation such as disturbance of consciousness or radicular signs was 1: 16716. Seventeen patients (ratio 1: 20 125) after manipulation of the lumbar spine presented, in addition to increased pain, a transient sensorimotor deficit with precise radicular distribution. Nine of the 17 patients (ratio 1: 38013) developed a progressive radicular syndrome with sensorimotor defict and radiologically verified disc herniation and had to be referred for surgery. Side effects and complications of cervical and lumbar spine manipulation are rare. Taking in to account the yearly number of manipulations performed by a single physician in Switzerland and the rate of complications, it can be calculated that a physician practicing manual medicine will encoutner one complication due to manipulation of the cervical spine in 47 years and one complication due to lumbar spine manipulation in 38 years of practice. However, it is important that a careful clinical assessment is carried out to avoid complications due to manipulation carried out on the basis of inappropriate indications. Furthermore, the decision as to which technique is indicated for any particular functional disorder of the spine should be made on the basis of rational criteria resting on a knowledge of clinical biomechanics, functional anatomy and neurophysiology. The authors recommend a prospective morbidity study to be carried out among physicians, chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists, taking into account the different indications and therapeutic techniques in relation to complications.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7–, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20–, MUC2–). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

静脉皮瓣成活过程的实验研究

我们以兔为实验动物，通过微循环观察及血管内灌注填充剂，研究静脉皮瓣的成活过程。这一过程可分为２个阶段。第一阶段（术后７２小时内）为静脉血营养期：静脉血由静脉干通过小静脉吻合支、微静脉干间吻合支及终末微静脉吻合支回流至另一静脉。术后４８小时内毛细血管内无血液运动。第二阶段（术后７２小时～６周）为动脉血营养及血管改造期：术后７２小时新生血管开始向皮瓣内生长。术后７２无皮瓣动脉同主要来自皮瓣周围正常组织内的新生血管吻合使动脉血分布于整个皮瓣，这是静脉皮瓣成活的关键     

Management of sequelae of septic arthritis of hip

A nine years old boy, who had suffered septic arthritis at the age of two years and presented now with a limp, hip instability, leg length discrepancy. The patient was treated by adductor tenotomy and upper tibial pin traction. When head remnant reached the level of the acetabulum, open reduction and Pemberton osteotomy was done to achieve cover of the femoral head. The purpose of this report is to highlight the six years followup of reconstruction of sequale of septic arthritis of hip joint.     

Catamnestic study of childless patients of the Department of Andrology of Hamburg-Eppendorf University Hosptal

By means of a questionnaire, we carried out a catamnestic study of 1419 patients with a complaint of infertility. 27 per cent of the replying patients reported about the birth of children. 343 patients (38%) reported about one or more conceptions. Compared with previous studies, this investigation shows better results of therapies. We interprete this to be caused in better possibilities of therapy, esp. the Kallikrein therapy.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂局部病理改变及其合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术方法。方法　 3 6例主动脉窦瘤破裂 (RASV)合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 15例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 2 6例。补片修补 3 5例 ,其中合并VSD的均以一片法修补 ,合并AI的主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) 6例 ,主动脉瓣成形 4例。手术取材作病理检查 5例。结果　本组 3 6例中手术死亡 2例 ( 5 .6% )。存活的 3 4例病人均经门诊复查或通信随访 0 .3～ 18年 ,其中 2例死亡。病理检查见RASV合并VSD的瘤壁为纤维素样坏死或玻璃样变性。结论　主动脉窦壁纤维素样或玻璃样变性可能是其形成的病理基础。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时应探查其病变程度 ,酌情一期矫正 ,瓣膜损伤明显时宜行主动脉瓣置换 ,对主动脉瓣环细小的病例 ,可借修补VSD和RASV的补片扩大主动脉瓣环。     

骨盆骨折的治疗进展

对于骨盆骨折的治疗 ,传统方法以卧硬板床 ,股骨髁上持续骨牵引 ,骨盆兜等保守治疗为主 ,常常引起下肢不等长 ,骶髋痛 ,步态失常等而严重影响生活质量 ,同时长期卧床易引发肺部感染、褥疮、应激性溃疡、泌尿系统结石等并发症而危及生命。下面就骨盆骨折的治疗进展作一综述。1     

Oddi括约肌肌电活动实验模型的建立

目的建立研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动的动物模型和实验方法。方法将双极金属钩状电极通过浆膜层置入Oddi括约肌，记录不同条件干预下家兔的Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号，调整电生理实验参数并经放大、滤波及计算机处理后，对其大小、波形、幅度进行分析。结果不同条件干预下的家兔Oddi括约肌的肌电活动在波形、频率、幅度等方面均有明显的不同，具有明显的规律性。重复实验可得到相似的结果。结论使用双极金属钩状电极配以合理的电生理实验参数调整可以稳定地采集到在体的家兔Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号。这为今后广泛、深入地研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动搭建了一个技术平台。