Appleby手术治疗恶性胰体尾肿瘤六例报告

目的探讨胰体尾肿瘤整块切除联合腹腔干切除(Appleby手术)的安全性及可行性。方法对6例接受Appleby手术的侵犯腹腔干的胰腺肿瘤患者的临床资料进行分析。结果6例患者中。5例为原发性胰体尾癌,1例为胰体尾转移瘤(腹膜后神经鞘瘤术后),行胰体尾肿瘤整块切除联合腹腔干切除术,均未行血管重建。6例手术均获得成功。手术时间4～6 h,术中出血400～1200 ml,术后肝功能一过性升高,经保肝治疗,2周内全部恢复正常,肝脏和胆囊均有正常动脉血供,无手术死亡,无严重并发症发生。结论胰体尾肿瘤整块切除联合腹腔干切除手术是安全可行的,它可以提高肿瘤的切除率并可缓解疼痛。     

联合腹腔干、肝总动脉切除的胰体尾癌扩大根治术一例报道及文献复习

目的探讨联合腹腔干切除的胰体尾癌扩大根治术（改良Appleby手术）的可行性及优越性。方法回顾性分析我院开展联合腹腔干、肝总动脉切除的胰体尾癌扩大根治术1例患者的临床资料,并进行相关文献复习。结果手术时间250min,术中出血量200ml,患者术后恢复良好,无出血、胰瘘、肝功能改变等手术并发症。结论联合腹腔干切除的胰体尾癌扩大根治术安全可行,有利于提高胰腺癌的手术切除率,一定程度上提高术后生活质量,延长生存时间。     

联合腹腔干切除的机器人胰体尾癌扩大根治术

<正>胰腺体尾部导管腺癌难以早期发现,易较早出现局部浸润与远处转移,手术切除率不足10%[1]。难以行根治性切除的主要原因是肿瘤侵犯肝总动脉、腹腔干[2]。1953年,Appleby[3]报道了一例根治性胃癌切除术中联合切除腹腔干的手术,后将其命名为Appleby手术,术后肝脏可通过肠系膜上动脉-胰十二指肠动脉-胃十二指肠动脉形成的侧枝循环获得足够的动脉血供[4]。1987年,Hishinuma等[5]行保留胃的联合腹腔干切除的胰体尾切除术(改良Appleby术)。     

改良式Appleby手术治疗晚期胰体尾癌

目的: 介绍一种治疗胰体尾癌侵袭肝总动脉、脾动脉及腹腔干的改良式Appleby手术方法 。方法: 腹腔干自起始部接扎切断,将肿瘤及侵袭的动脉整块切除。术中注意保留网膜右和胃右动脉,以维持胃的血供。夹闭肝总动脉后,注意肝固有动脉的搏动情况 。结果: 术后,上腹部及腰背部疼痛消失,七个月后患者死于肝脏及肝门部转移,经影像学检查未见切除部位肿瘤复发 。结论: 该术式可提高胰体尾癌的手术切除率与根治程度,可改善病人术后的生存质量。     

联合腹腔干切除的胰体尾癌根治术后缺血并发症的防治

胰体尾癌早期诊断困难,手术切除率低,远隔脏器转移及周围重要血管侵犯是影响其切除的主要原因。联合腹腔干切除能提高R0切除率,为部分胰体尾癌患者提供了手术治愈的可能,但该术式切除范围广,风险大,切除腹腔干所导致的术后潜在缺血并发症是影响患者预后的主要因素之一。本文综合分析国内外研究进展,阐述联合腹腔干切除的胰体尾癌根治术（DP-CAR）术后常见缺血并发症的类型、发病机制和预防处理策略,以期进一步优化胰体尾癌患者的整体疗效。     

动脉入路在胰体尾癌根治术中的应用研究

探讨肠系膜上动脉(SMA)入路在胰体尾癌根治术中的应用价值,评估手术效果。2013年10月—2015年10月对19例胰体尾癌患者施行了动脉入路胰体尾癌根治术,回顾其临床资料,对手术方法、疗效及安全性进行评估。19例手术均顺利完成,其中单纯胰体尾联合脾脏切除11例,联合部分门静脉切除4例,联合腹腔干切除2例,联合脾区结肠切除1例,联合左侧肾上腺切除1例,无围手术期死亡。平均手术时间(3.6±1.2)h,术中出血量(535±201)m L,术后住院时间7~34 d。腹痛或腰背部疼痛均较术前明显好转。术后转氨酶一过性升高2例,均为联合腹腔干切除患者;轻度腹泻2例,胰瘘5例,均经保守治疗7~10 d好转。无腹腔出血、感染、胆囊坏死、肝衰竭、缺血性胃病等发生。随访3~30个月,2例分别于术后3、7个月死于肝转移;4例局部复发,1例13个月死于腹腔广泛转移,12例现随访中。胰体尾癌根治术中优先探查SMA,以SMA-腹腔干为轴,以左侧Gerota筋膜为后腹膜切缘,整块切除肿瘤,可提高R0切除率,减少术中出血,降低肿瘤残留,手术安全可行。     

胰腺癌行腹腔镜下Appleby联合门静脉切除及自体腹膜代血管修补成形术1例报告

正胰腺颈体部癌侵犯腹腔干(celiacartery,CA),须行联合CA切除的胰体尾切除术(Appleby手术),同时行门静脉(portal vein,PV)切除重建因存在血栓风险,一旦发生会导致肝功能衰竭,是手术相对禁忌证。自体腹膜替代PV具有理论优势,腹腔镜下腹膜-PV重建是技术挑战。     

Appleby手术的抉择

Appleby术式原本目的是对胃癌施行彻底的淋巴结廓清,特别是腹腔干周围淋巴结的廓清,具体操作是:于根部切断腹腔干,将胃连同胰腺体尾部、脾以及周围淋巴结一起整块摘除,Appleby手术常被视为晚期胃癌的根治性手术[2]。1953年加拿大外科医师Lyon H.Appleby等在给进展期胃癌的患者施行胃癌根治术时,为了更彻底的切除肿瘤和淋巴     

Appleby手术——拓展胰腺体尾部肿瘤根治切除的标准术式一例报道

通过回顾北京大学第一医院外科1例胰腺体部肿瘤的诊治经过,评价联合腹腔动脉干及部分肝总动脉切除(Appleby手术)应用于胰腺体尾部肿瘤根治切除的可行性及安全性,探讨该术式作为胰腺体尾部肿瘤标准化术式的可能性.     

联合腹腔干切除在胰体尾癌扩大根治术中的应用

目的 探讨胰体尾联合腹腔干切除在胰体尾癌扩大根治术中的应用及其效果。方法 回顾分析2003-2007年上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院普外科10例胰体尾联合腹腔干切除的临床资料。 结果 胰体尾肿块直径平均（5.0±1.3）cm,中位手术时间320（225～420） min,术中中位出血量900 （500～1500） mL;其中3例行肝总动脉重建。术后4例发生胰漏、乳糜漏、腹腔积液、感染等并发症;其中1例死于术后相关并发症。5例术后出现肝功能异常。9例术后住院时间平均（28.8±13.6）d,术后中位存活时间15个月。术后10例均有轻度腹泻（<5次/d）,多于术后2～6个月自行好转。6例术前有腰背痛、腹痛,其中5例术后疼痛明显缓解。结论 联合腹腔干切除的胰体尾癌扩大根治术是可行、安全的,能够提高胰体尾癌的手术切除率,一定程度延长病人术后生存时间,改善生存质量。     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.