胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床诊治

目的：提高对胰腺囊性肿瘤诊断和治疗的认识、减少这种少见肿瘤的误诊误治。方法：对１９５８年４月￣１９９５年７月经病理证实的１５例胰腺囊性肿瘤病人进行回顾性分析，结果：１５例胰腺囊性肿瘤中，浆液性囊腺瘤６例，粘液性囊性肿瘤９例。肿瘤位于胰头部４例，体尾部１０例，全胰１例。１５例病人全部进行手术治疗，其中１２例获手术切除，切除率为８０％，术前明确诊断为胰腺囊性肿瘤者仅６例，其余９例术前被误诊为胰腺假性囊     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断与治疗方法.方法 对我院1985年1月至2006年12月间收治的11例胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组11例中,仅6例术前确诊为胰腺囊性肿瘤,术前误诊为胰腺假性囊肿4例,误诊为胆总管囊肿1例,误诊率为45.4%.行胰头部囊性肿瘤切除术2例,胰体尾部切除和脾切除术3例,囊性肿瘤局部切除术2例.囊肿空肠Roux-Y吻合术3例,囊肿活检,囊腔内置管引流术1例.内引流术后并发胰性腹水1例,全组无手术死亡.结论 提高对本病的警惕性,常规行胰腺B超和CT检查是早期发现本病的有效方法,避免误诊和积极手术切除,可获得较好疗效.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的诊断和治疗。方法：回顾性分析近6年收治的均经手术和病理检查证实的30例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果：胰腺囊性肿瘤好发于中青年女性,临床表现多为病程较长的上腹部肿物和胀痛。B超、CT及ERCP等能协助诊断。全组手术切除率为80.0%（良性肿瘤100%，恶性肿瘤70.0%）。肿瘤位于头颈部者7例中行胰十二指肠切除3例、保留十二指肠及少量胰头的胰腺近全切除1例、胰腺节段切除2例、胰颈肿瘤摘除1例;位于胰体尾者17例中行肿物摘除1例、胰体切除4例、胰体尾切除及脾切除11例、胰节段切除及胰空肠Roux-en-y吻合1例;6例广泛转移者仅行活检及姑息手术。术后主要并发症为胰瘘( 20%) ，均治愈。无手术死亡。结论：胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌无特征性临床表现，主要依据上腹部肿物及影像学检查(超声、CT) 来发现。其手术切除率较高，预后较好，应采取积极的外科治疗，首选手术方式为包括部分胰腺组织的全肿瘤切除。     

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目的　探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断和治疗。方法　对 1978年以来 19例胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　肿瘤位于胰头部 4例 ,胰体尾部 15例。行不同术式的肿瘤切除 13例 ,外引流 1例 ,内引流 2例 ,剖腹探查、肿瘤活检 3例。无手术死亡。随访囊腺瘤 3例 ,分别随访 6个月、16年和 2 1年仍生存 ;囊腺癌 9例 ,生存时间 <6个月 3例 ,6个月至 2年 4例 ,3年 4个月 1例 ,最长 1例 8年仍生存。结论　B超和CT是诊断胰腺囊性肿瘤的有效方法 ,二者结合使用可提高诊断率。该病切除率高 ,预后较好。应首选手术治疗。     

微创手术在胰腺囊性肿瘤治疗中的应用(附236例报告)

目的:探讨微创手术在胰腺囊性肿瘤治疗中的可行性及安全性,并总结其适应证及优势。方法:回顾性分析我院自2005年9月至2015年7月期间接受微创手术236例胰腺囊性肿瘤病人的病例资料。根据手术方式分为机器人组(n=198)和腹腔镜组(n=38)。结果:机器人组包括:黏液性囊性肿瘤28例,导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤46例,浆液性囊性肿瘤88例,实性假乳头状肿瘤36例,手术方式为胰十二指肠切除术61例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术10例,胰体尾切除术85例,肿瘤剜除术12例,胰中段切除术30例。腹腔镜组包括:黏液性囊性肿瘤13例,导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤3例,浆液性囊性肿瘤16例,实性假乳头状肿瘤6例,手术方式为胰十二指肠切除术2例,胰体尾切除术36例。3例中转开腹(1例机器人胰十二指肠切除手术,2例腹腔镜胰体尾切除手术),3例因术中操作困难行手助式腹腔镜手术,其余病人手术均在全腔镜下完成。术后并发腹腔出血3例,内疝1例,胰漏80例(A级33例,B级38例,C级9例),经处理后无围手术期死亡。随访至今,无复发和并发症发生。结论:微创手术治疗胰腺囊性肿瘤安全、可行,术后创伤小、恢复快。机器人手术在胰腺囊性肿瘤治疗中有一定优势,在手术方式上提供了更多的选择。     

胰腺乳头样囊实性肿瘤的诊治

目的为评价胰腺乳头样囊实性肿瘤的诊断和治疗。方法分析１９８０～１９９６年收治的，均经手术和病理检查证实为胰腺乳头样囊实性肿瘤５例的临床资料。结果该病好发于青年女性，常见的临床表现为中上腹包块。钡餐，Ｂ超，ＣＴ，ＭＲ以及ＥＲＣＰ对本病有诊断价值。本组５例中１例行胰十二指肠切除，４例行胰体尾加脾脏切除，手术切除率为１００％，术后疗效满意。结论作者认为胰腺乳头样囊实性肿瘤属良性或低度恶性肿瘤，治疗的首选是手术切除。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治98例报告

目的探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的常见类型、诊断及合理手术方式的选择。方法对2000年1月至2008年12月期间收治98例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本病无特征性的临床表现,B超、CT和Mill等影像学检查也能发现胰腺囊肿病灶但不能确定具体类型。本组胰腺囊腺瘤57例（浆液性囊腺瘤32例,黏液性囊腺瘤25例）,黏液性囊腺癌13例,实性假乳头状瘤19例,导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤9例。所有患者均手术治疗,胰十二指肠切除26例,保留十二指肠胰头切除28例,胰腺节段切除术7例,胰体尾切除加脾脏切除25例,肿瘤摘除术12例。术后均进行随访,3例胰腺囊腺癌患者于术后6个月到4年期间死于癌转移或其他疾病,1例囊腺癌患者术后9个月肿瘤复发,再次手术后现仍生存,其他均存活。结论B超,CT和MRI等影像学技术是胰腺囊性肿瘤的主要诊断方法。手术切除为治疗该肿瘤的最有效手段。正确的诊断和合理手术方式的选择是提高其临床治愈率的关键。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤诊治中的常见问题(附25例报告)

目的：分析和解决胰腺囊性肿瘤诊治中的常见问题。方法：回顾分析了1984-2002年中25例胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治资料。结果：既往曾被误诊为假性囊肿而作囊肠或胃吻合11例，误诊率44.0%；手术切除率68.0%；除3例浆液性囊腺瘤外，其余22例中恶性占68.2%；随访22例，半数以上病人生存3年多，其中8例仍健在。结论：提高对胰腺囊性肿瘤的认识，减少误诊和积极的手术切除是改善其预后的主要措施。     

紧邻主胰管的胰腺囊性肿瘤局部切除的初步经验：附4例报告

背景与目的:胰腺囊性肿瘤手术方案多有争议,紧邻主胰管的胰腺囊性肿瘤的手术病例报道较少,临床仍在积累经验。本文总结近年来笔者科室在治疗紧邻主胰管的胰腺囊性肿瘤的经验教训,探讨紧邻主胰管的胰腺囊性肿瘤行胰腺局部切除的手术效果及治疗经验。方法:回顾性分析收治的4例紧邻主胰管的胰腺囊性肿瘤行胰腺局部切除术患者的临床资料,总结运用胰腺局部切除治疗紧邻主胰管的胰腺囊性肿瘤的经验教训。结果:2例患者术后快速出院,均在术前放置胰管内支撑管;另外2例患者出现了主胰管损伤伴B级胰瘘,术前均未放置胰管内支撑管,其中1例患者术后放置胰管内支撑管后胰瘘量明显减少,此2例患者均长期带管后胰瘘自行愈合。结论:对于紧邻主胰管的胰腺囊性肿瘤,尤其是良性及低度恶性的囊性肿瘤,施行胰腺局部切除是安全有效的;术前放置胰管内支撑管对于术中辨认主胰管、减少主胰管损伤、预防胰瘘发生有积极作用;发生主胰管损伤后,胰瘘给予长期带管引流,有自行修复机会,部分患者可避免二次手术。     

胰腺巨大囊性实质性肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨胰腺巨大囊性实质性肿瘤术前有效的诊断和外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性总结分析巨大胰腺囊性实质性肿瘤（直径〉8cm）的术前诊断方法和手术治疗结果。结果 复旦大学华山医院外科自1999年至今收治15例直径〉8cm的胰腺囊性实质性肿瘤，均行根治性手术切除。病理诊断：实性假乳头状瘤9例，囊腺瘤4例，囊腺癌2例。结论 胰腺巨大囊性实质性肿瘤的诊治较为困难，螺旋CT、DSA结合肿瘤标记物检测有助于肿瘤的诊断和可切除性判断，手术切除仍是目前主要的治疗手段。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤六例报告

目的 探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析2008年8月至2010年4月间手术治疗6例的临床资料.结果 本组6例均获完整切除和病理诊断.其中,行胰十二指肠切除术2例,胰体尾切除术2例,胰体尾切除术加脾切除术1例,腹腔镜胰体尾切除术加脾切除术1例.术后发生胰漏1例,继发Ⅰ型糖尿病1例.术后随访1～16个月,...     

Lymphoepithelial Cyst of the Pancreas: Report of a Case

An extremely rare case of a lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC) of the pancreas is described herein. A pancreatic cystic tumor was initially detected in a 50-year-old man at a medical checkup. On admission, his serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 level was 8 100 U/ml and a computed tomography scan revealed a well-circumscribed multilocular cystic tumor in the pancreatic head and body. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed no communication between the pancreatic ducts and the tumor. A distal pancreatectomy with lymph node dissection was performed because the lesion was suspected to be a mucinous cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. However, histological examination revealed that the cyst was lined by stratified squamous epithelium and surrounded by lymphoid tissue, thereby confirming the diagnosis of LEC of the pancreas. The superficial layer of squamous epithelium and the cystic contents were found to be immunohistologically positive for CA19-9. Establishing a preoperative diagnosis of LEC is quite difficult because it resembles other cystic neoplasms of the pancreas in radiographic features and is frequently associated with an elevation of serum tumor markers such as CA19-9. Received: June 21, 1999 / Accepted: March 24, 2000     

Cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas: a multiinstitutional retrospective study of 398 cases. French Surgical Association.

OBJECTIVE: To review the features of patients with benign and malignant cystadenomas of the pancreas, focusing on preoperative diagnostic accuracy and long-term outcome, especially for nonoperated serous cystadenomas and resected cystadenocarcinomas. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Serous cystadenomas (SCAs) are benign tumors. Mucinous cystic neoplasms should be resected because of the risk of malignant progression. A correct preoperative diagnosis of tumor type is based on morphologic criteria. Despite the high quality of recent imaging procedures, the diagnosis frequently remains uncertain. Invasive investigations such as endosonography and diagnostic aspiration of cystic fluid may be helpful, but their assessment is limited to small series. The management of typical SCA may require resection or observation. Survival after pancreatic resection seems better for cystadenocarcinomas (MCACs) than for ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas. METHODS: Three hundred ninety-eight cases of cystadenomas of the pancreas were collected between 1984 and 1996 in 73 institutions of the French Surgical Association. Clinical presentation, radiologic evaluation, and surgical procedures were analyzed for 144 operated SCAs, 150 mucinous cystadenomas (MCAs), and 78 MCACs. The outcome of 372 operated patients and 26 nonoperated patients with SCA was analyzed. RESULTS: Cystadenomas represented 76% of all primary pancreatic cystic tumors (398/522). An asymptomatic tumor was discovered in 32% of patients with SCA, 26% of those with MCA, and 13% of those with MCAC. The tumor was located in the head or uncinate process of the pancreas in 38% of those with SCA, 27% of those with MCA, and 49% of those with MCAC. A communication between the cyst and pancreatic duct was discovered in 0.6% of those with SCA, 6% of those with MCA, and 10% of those with MCAC. The main investigations were ultrasonography and computed tomography (94% for SCA, MCA, and MCAC), endosonography (34%, 28%, and 22% for SCA, MCA, and MCAC respectively), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (16%, 14%, 22%), and cyst fluid analysis (22%, 31%, 35%). An accurate preoperative diagnosis of tumor type was proposed for 20% of those with SCA (144 cases), 30% of those with MCA, and 29% of those with MCAC. An atypical unilocular macrocyst was observed in 10% of SCA cases. The most common misdiagnosis for mucinous cystic tumors was pseudocyst (9% of MCAs, 15% of MCACs). Intraoperative frozen sections (126 cases) allowed a diagnosis according to definitive histologic examination in 50% of those with SCA and MCA and 62% of those with MCAC. For management, 93% of patients underwent surgery. Nonoperated patients (7%) had exclusively typical SCA. A complete cyst excision was performed in 94% of benign cystadenomas, with an operative mortality rate of 2% for SCA and 1.4% for MCA. Resection was possible in 74% of cases of MCAC. Mean follow-up of 26 patients with nonresected SCAs was 38 months, and no patients required surgery. For resected MCACs, the actuarial 5-year survival rate was 63%. CONCLUSIONS: Spiral computed tomography is the examination of choice for a correct prediction of tumor type. Endosonography may be useful to detect the morphologic criteria of small tumors. Diagnostic aspiration of the cyst allows differentiation of the macrocystic form of SCA (10% of cases) and the unilocular type of mucinous cystic neoplasm from a pseudocyst. Surgical resection should be performed for symptomatic SCAs, all mucinous cystic neoplasms, and cystic tumors that are not clearly defined. Conservative management is wholly justified for a well-documented SCA with no symptoms. An extensive resection is warranted for MCAC because the 5-year survival rate may exceed 60%.     

MRI-cholangiopancreatography characteristics of cystic pancreatic tumors

STUDY AIM: The purpose was to assess the value of MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) to evaluate the diagnosis and surgical resectability of pancreatic cystic tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: For MRCP, thick RARE and thin HASTE heavily T2-weighted sequences were performed with a 1.5 Tesla MR unit in 42 patients. Diffusion-weighted echo-planar sequences were performed in 16 patients. Surgical and histopathological correlation was obtained in 15 patients. RESULTS: MRCP detected all cystic lesions of the pancreas: 15 intraductal papillary mucinous tumors, 10 serous cystadenomas, 2 benign mucinous cystadenomas, 1 solid pseudopapillary tumor and 14 small cystic lesions (less than 2 cm) with no clinical signs. MRCP provided complete visualization of the pancreatic duct, showed excrescences within the dilated main or branch pancreatic ducts, identified microlacunar mixed and macrolacunar patterns, as well as septa, communications and stenosis, without contrast agent. MRCP did not characterize serous or mucinous cystic lesions. Specific diagnostic criteria of the various types of intraductal papillary mucinous tumors were noted (main duct, branch duct and combined types) and illustrated with the imaging findings necessary for accurate differential diagnosis. CONCLUSION: MRCP is a useful noninvasive and essential method in preoperative staging of cystic tumors of the pancreas; it is a reasonable alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endosonography, as it provides the necessary information for treatment: surgical decision and/or follow-up.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤临床诊治分析

目的探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治方法。方法回顾性分析29例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的临床资料,包括一般资料、临床表现、辅助检查、手术方法、病理结果、术后并发症和随访结果。结果 8例(28%)浆液性囊性肿瘤(SCN),12例(41%)黏液性囊性肿瘤(MCN),3例(10%)导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤(IPMN),6例(21%)实性假乳头状肿瘤(SPT)。8例SCN、7例MCN、1例IPMN和5例SPT均是良性肿瘤。76%(22/29)患者是女性,年龄(49±17)岁(15～78岁)。29例中行手术治疗23例,其中切除肿瘤22例,探查活检1例,围手术期无死亡病例;另外6例未手术者中4例SCN者行随访观察处理,2例IPMN者拒绝手术治疗。29例患者中获随访21例,随访时间为(2.7±2.3)年(6个月～8年),失访8例。16例肿瘤切除者随访期内肿瘤无复发,1例探查活检者术后1年死亡;4例未手术的SCN患者随访期内肿瘤无明显增大。结论胰腺囊性肿瘤中最常见的是黏液性肿瘤和浆液性肿瘤,多见于女性;浆液性肿瘤均为良性,42%的黏液性肿瘤是恶性;误诊将延误治疗,增加死亡率。胰腺囊性肿瘤手术切除率高,根治性切除后预后好。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治研究

目的 初步探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治策略.方法 回顾性分析我院近十年来收治的21例胰腺囊性肿瘤的病例资料.结果 21例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者中胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤11例,黏液性囊腺瘤6例,胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤2例,胰腺实性假乳头状瘤2例;其中仅7例患者伴有相应的症状和体征,其他均为健康体检时所发现.所有患者均经手术治疗,其中8例行胰十二指肠切除术、5例行胰体尾切除术、1例行腹腔镜下胰尾切除术、2例行胰腺肿瘤摘除术、4例行胰腺节段切除术;1例囊腺癌患者仅可行姑息手术,其余20例患者随访11～96个月,均未出现肿瘤复发或转移.结论 任何影像学检查都不能准确判断胰腺囊性肿瘤的具体病理类型;及时手术探查是防止肿瘤癌变的重要手段,除了已经获得明确诊断、肿瘤较小且无明显症状的浆液性囊腺瘤之外,都应该积极手术治疗.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的：探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗方法。方法：对28例胰腺囊性肿瘤病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：胰腺囊性肿瘤多无特征性临床表现,影像学检查及确诊率：B超71.4%、CT82.1%和MRI80%。全组手术切除率89.3%。手术后发生胰瘘12例和腹腔感染4例,2例（黏液性囊腺癌和导管内乳头状黏液腺癌各1例）术后2年内死亡。结论：胰腺B超和CT检查是早期发现胰腺囊性肿瘤的最有效方法,积极手术治疗,多数患者可获得较好治疗效果。     

Value of 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Management of Patients With Cystic Tumors of the Pancreas

OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18-FDG PET) in distinguishing benign from malignant cystic lesions of the pancreas. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The preoperative differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the pancreas remains difficult: the most important point is to identify malignant or premalignant cysts that require resection. 18-FDG PET is a new imaging procedure based on the increased glucose metabolism by tumor cells and has been proposed for the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: During a 4-year period, 56 patients with a suspected cystic tumor of the pancreas underwent 18-FDG PET in addition to computed tomography scanning, serum CA 19-9 assay, and in some instances magnetic resonance imaging or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The 18-FDG PET was analyzed visually and semiquantitatively using the standard uptake value. The accuracy of 18-FDG PET and computed tomography was determined for preoperative diagnosis of a malignant cyst. RESULTS: Seventeen patients had malignant tumors. Sixteen patients (94%) showed 18-FDG uptake with a standard uptake value of 2.6 to 12.0. Twelve patients (70%) were correctly identified as having malignancy by computed tomography, CA 19-9 assay, or both. Thirty-nine patients had benign tumors: only one mucinous cystadenoma showed increased 18-FDG uptake (standard uptake value 2.6). Five patients with benign cysts showed computed tomography findings of malignancy. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for 18-FDG PET and computed tomography scanning in detecting malignant tumors were 94%, 97%, 94%, and 97% and 65%, 87%, 69%, and 85%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: 18-FDG PET is more accurate than computed tomography in identifying malignant pancreatic cystic lesions and should be used, in combination with computed tomography and tumor markers assay, in the preoperative evaluation of patients with pancreatic cystic lesions. A positive result on 18-FDG PET strongly suggests malignancy and, therefore, a need for resection; a negative result shows a benign tumor that may be treated with limited resection or, in selected high-risk patients, with biopsy, follow-up, or both.