改良Bacon术39例术后并发症分析

目的探讨改良Bacon手术的术后常见并发症及其处理。方法选取2012年6月至2017年2月于华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院行改良Bacon术39例病人,其中直肠癌23例,肿瘤下缘距齿状线1~3 cm;间质瘤2例,神经内分泌瘤2例,肿瘤下缘距肛缘1~3 cm;腺瘤12例,病变下缘距齿状线0.5~3 cm;分析病人发生的所有并发症。结果盆腔脓肿3例;需手术治疗的连接部狭窄1例;控便功能下降2例;外置肠管坏死3例;外置结肠前壁穿孔2例,上述病人均获痊愈。直肠阴道瘘2例,其中1例造瘘修补后痊愈;1例造瘘,放弃修补手术。1例病人因直肠狭窄自行扩肛意外致直肠穿孔,腹腔感染死亡。结论改良Bacon术很少发生吻合口瘘和盆腔感染,无需预防性造口。对于早期直肠癌及部分良性疾病,可作为一种术式选择。     

直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术后吻合口漏的危险因素分析

目的 探讨直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)后吻合口漏的危险因素.方法 对498例直肠癌全直肠系膜切除(TME)术患者的资料进行回顾性分析,应用SPSS软件对数据进行统计处理,采用x2检验.结果 36例(7.2%,36/498)术后出现吻合口漏.发生吻合口漏与患者的性别、肿瘤距肛缘距离、术前放疗密切相关(P＜0.05或0.01),而与年龄、糖尿病、高血压病、预防造瘘、脉管癌栓、吻合方式等无明显关系.37例手术同时即行预防性造瘘的患者,仍有3例发生吻合口漏,未经特殊处理后自愈.另外33例吻合口漏的患者中10例经保守治疗痊愈,23例行近端肠造瘘粪便转流术,吻合口漏愈合后二期还纳治愈.结论 直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术(TME)后吻合口漏的发生与性别、肿瘤距肛缘距离、术前放疗密切相关;控制好围手术期血糖可以明显降低吻合口漏的发生.     

直肠癌直肠前切除术后并发直肠阴道瘘的危险因素分析

目的:分析直肠癌直肠前切除术后并发直肠阴道瘘的危险因素。方法:对420例患直肠癌行直肠前切除术的患者临床资料进行回顾分析,对手术后并发直肠阴道瘘的危险因素进行单因素检验和logistic回归分析。结果:单因素分析中,直肠阴道瘘的发生与年龄、吻合方式、肿瘤距齿状线距离、合并盆腔器官切除、肿瘤分期、绝经、术前放疗和预防性末端回肠造口有关;多因素logic分析发现直肠阴道瘘的发生与双吻合器(OR=2.208)、联合盆腔脏器切除(OR=1.834)、肿瘤距齿状线距离(OR=1.541)、肿瘤分期(OR=1.539)、术前放射治疗(OR=1.364)、绝经(OR=1.151)和未行预防性末端回肠造口(OR=1.143)有关。结论:直肠癌患者行直肠前切除术后并发直肠阴道瘘的危险因素有年龄、吻合方式、肿瘤距齿状线距离、合并盆腔器官切除、肿瘤分期、绝经和术前放疗,应针对性的预防。     

21例低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口漏的分析

目的探讨低位直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术后吻合口漏的诊疗方法及发生原因。方法回顾性分析437例中下段直肠癌患者行低位保肛术后的临床资料。结果发生吻合口漏21例（4.9%）,12例经保守治疗获愈,9例先后行横结肠造瘘二期手术还纳造口获愈;无死亡病例。结论直肠癌低位保肛术吻合口漏的发生与患者年龄、术前肠道准备、肥胖、糖尿病及低蛋白血症等因素密切相关（P〈0.05）,而与性别、肿瘤距肛缘距离无关,且多数可通过充分引流及营养支持治愈,因而术中常规附加近端结肠造瘘并非必要。     

弧形切割吻合器在直肠癌前切除术中的临床应用研究

目的 探讨弧形切割吻合器在直肠癌前切除术中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2005年11月至2006年8月间收治的57例直肠癌应用弧形切割吻合器进行前切除的临床资料.其中行双重器械吻合前切除术51例;Hartmann术6例.结果 双重器械吻合前切除51例中超低位吻合41例(80.4%),术后均无局部复发;吻合口瘘1例(2.0%),吻合口出血3例(5.9%),直肠阴道瘘2例(22例女性患者,发生率9.1%).行Hartmann术6例,直肠切割吻合处平均距肛缘2.8 cm.结论 弧形切割吻合器应用于低位直肠癌的保肛手术中具有吻合口瘘发生率低的优点.     

低位直肠癌的手术治疗和吻合器的应用体会(摘要)(附47例病例分析)

目的:通过47例距肛缘5~7cm低位直肠癌的分析,对距肛缘5~7cm的低位直肠癌保肛手术的理沦依据、术式选择、吻合器应用的优越性和吻合器在保肛手术中的运用体会及主要并发症的防治进行了探讨。临床资料:我院自1994年7月至1997年8月进行根治性手术的距肛缘5~7cm的低位直肠癌患者47例。结果:40例行Dixon术式,7例行Miles术式。38例Dixon术式应用管状端端吻合器(EEA),其中发生直肠阴道瘘1例,吻合口或吻合口周围肠壁出血3例,经治疗后均痊愈,无手术死亡。结论;距肛缘5~7cm低位直肠癌有行保肛性根治手术的可能性,作者认为吻合器在低位直肠癌的保肛术中发挥了重要的作用,值得推广使用。     

低位直肠癌双荷包管状吻合器吻合的应用体会

目的 探讨荷包加单吻合联合应用于直肠癌低位保肛手术的效果.方法 本研究通过回顾性分析18例患者在低位直肠癌根治术(保肛手术),术前经电子结肠镜检查并活检确诊,癌肿下缘距肛缘距离5-7厘米的直肠癌患者,采用单吻合器联合荷包钳法,行低位结直肠吻合.结果 18例患者荷包加单吻合联合应用行直肠癌低位保肛手术顺利,术后无吻合口瘘...     

腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘的危险因素及预防

探讨腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘的危险因素及预防措施。选择我院2008年1月—2015年1月收治的103例腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术患者为研究对象,分析年龄、性别、术前白蛋白水平、直肠癌病理类型、TNM分期、Duke分期、肿瘤直径、肿瘤距肛缘距离、术前合并症与术后吻合口瘘的关系,探讨预防性回肠末端造口、大口径肛管引流减压、术中游离脾曲及盆腔引流对术后吻合口瘘的预防作用。共7例患者发生吻合口瘘,发生率6.80%。单因素分析表明年龄≥60岁、术前合并糖尿病或肠梗阻、Duke分期C或D、肿瘤距肛缘的距离7 cm与吻合口瘘相关(P0.05),而性别、术前白蛋白水平、病理类型、TNM分期、肿瘤直径和术前合并高血压与吻合口瘘不相关(P0.05)。Logistics回归分析表明年龄、术前合并糖尿病或肠梗阻、Duke分期、肿瘤距肛缘距离均为吻合口瘘发生的独立危险因素(P0.05);预防性回肠末端造口、大口径肛管引流减压、术中游离脾曲患者术后吻合口瘘发生率降低(P0.05),而盆腔引流对术后吻合口瘘发生率无明显影响(P0.05)。年龄、术前合并糖尿病或肠梗阻、Duke分期、肿瘤距肛缘的距离是腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘发生的危险因素,预防性回肠末端造口、大口径肛管引流减压、术中游离脾曲可有效预防吻合口瘘。     

直肠癌患者行Dixon术后发生吻合口瘘的相关危险因素分析

目的探讨导致直肠癌患者行Dixon术后发生吻合口瘘的独立危险因素,供临床参考。方法选取2011年7月至2018年3月本院行直肠癌Dixon术式的200例患者作为研究对象,术后有24例发生吻合口瘘。收集入选患者的临床资料,包括一般资料(年龄、性别、体质指数)、基础疾病(高血压、糖尿病)、术前相关实验室指标(白蛋白、血红蛋白)、手术相关指标(吻合口距肛缘的距离、术前给予辅助性化疗、手术方式、手术时间、行预防性造瘘、病理分期),对这些指标中发生吻合口瘘与未发生吻合口瘘者进行差异性分析。将其中差异具有统计学意义的变量代入代入Logistic回归分析,找出发生术后发生吻合口瘘的独立危险因素。结果 (1)年龄≥70岁与年龄70岁的患者之间、合并糖尿病与未合并糖尿病的患者之间、合并低蛋白血症与未合并低蛋白血症的患者之间、术前行辅助性化疗与未行辅助性化疗的患者之间、吻合口距肛缘≤5cm与吻合口距肛缘5cm的患者之间,行直肠癌Dixon术后吻合口瘘发生率的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、合并糖尿病、合并低蛋白血症、吻合口距肛缘的距离均为直肠癌Dixon术后吻合口瘘的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论高龄、合并糖尿病、合并低蛋白血症、吻合口距肛缘的距离≤5cm等是直肠癌Dixon术后吻合口瘘的独立危险因素。     

低位直肠癌保肛术式的选择

目的 对低位直肠癌保肛术式的选择方法进行探讨.方法 2003年1月至2008年1月期间,对137例低位直肠癌按无瘤原则行保肛术,术中将血供良好的结肠断端无张力拉下吻合,恢复肠道肛管的连续性.结果 行双吻合器低位前切除术102例中,91例直肠癌基底距肛缘6～8 cm,11例直肠癌基底距肛缘5～6 cm,后者肿瘤均位于直肠后壁;行Parks术或改良Bacon术35例中,直肠癌基底距肛缘均为5～6 cm.Parks术19例均为乙状结肠与肛管吻合;改良Bacon术16例均行降结肠经肛管拖出手术.结论 对肿瘤基底距肛缘6～8 cm和少数较瘦患者、基底距肛缘5～6 cm、且肿块位于直肠后壁的低位直肠癌可以采用双吻合器低位前切除术.对肿瘤基底距肛缘5～6 cm的低位直肠癌,可以行Parks术或改良Bacon术,其中乙状结肠较长时可以行乙状结肠与肛管吻合的Parks术;乙状结肠长度不够时可以游离结肠脾曲或左半结肠,行降结肠经肛管拉出的改良Bacon术.     

Risk of permanent stoma after resection of rectal cancer depending on the distance between the tumour lower edge and anal verge

The distance between the anal verge and lower edge of rectal cancer is one of the most important factors affecting the feasibility of sphincter-preserving resection.The aim of the study was to assess the risk of permanent stoma after resection of rectal tumour depending on the distance between the tumour and the anal verge.Material and methods. The retrospective analysis covered 884 patients after resection of rectal cancer. The distance between the anal verge and the lowest edge of the tumour was measured during endoscopic examination. Surgical technique was similar in all cases. For statistical analysis, the chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used.Results. The overall rate of sphincter-preserving procedures was 71.8%, 90.1% of which were anterior resections. The greatest differences between the rate of anterior resections were noted for the segment between the 4th and the 5th centimetres: 30.1% for 4 cm vs 66.7% for 5 cm, p = 0.005. Overall, in 328 patients (37.1%) surgical treatment resulted in a permanent stoma. The number included: 246 (75.0%) patients after abdominosacral resection, 44 (13.4%) patients after the Hartmann procedure, three (0.9%) patients after proctocolectomy, and 28 (8.5%) patients after anterior resection, with a permanent stoma as a result of anastomotic leak. The overall rate of anastomotic leak was 11.7%. Formation of a defunctioning stoma in patients with a low-lying (6 cm from the anal verge) tumour reduced the risk of symptomatic anastomotic leak: 6.3% vs 20.5%; p = 0.049.Conclusions. Anterior resection of tumours located 6 cm from the anal verge is feasible in 90%. Anastomotic leak that requires reoperation increases the risk of permanent colostomy. In selected cases, formation of a defunctioning stoma after resection of low-lying rectal cancer can reduce the risk of permanent colostomy.     

Early postoperative results of surgery for rectal carcinoma as a function of the distance of the tumor from the anal verge: results of a multicenter prospective evaluation

BACKGROUND: The problems associated with rectal surgery are frequently discussed with no reference being made to the distance of the tumor from the anal verge. This study examined the effect of the location of the tumor on early postoperative results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a multicenter study involving 75 German hospitals and 3756 patients, of whom 1463 had rectal carcinoma. On the basis of the location of the tumor (distance from the anal verge), four groups were distinguished: <4, 4-7.9, 8-11.9, and 12-16 cm. RESULTS: Resection and abdominoperineal resection rates and the incidence of postoperative complications depended on the location of the tumor. Significantly higher resection rates and fewer specific complications, and a significant reduction in overall postoperative morbidity were found with tumor locations more than 8 cm from the anal verge. The highest anastomotic leak rate was observed with anastomoses less than 7 cm from the anal verge. The logistic regression showed that the distance of the tumor from the anal verge is an independent variable for the development of an anastomotic leak. CONCLUSIONS: Early results are greatly affected by the location of the rectal carcinoma. This applies to both abdominoperineal resection rates and specific postoperative complications, such as anastomotic leak rate and operation morbidity in general.     

Risk factors for adverse outcome in patients with rectal cancer treated with an abdominoperineal resection in the total mesorectal excision trial

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to identify tumor- and patient-related risk factors for distal rectal cancer in patients treated with an abdominoperineal resection (APR) associated with positive circumferential resection margin (CRM), local recurrence (LR), and overall survival (OS). BACKGROUND: The introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME) has improved the outcome of patients with rectal cancer. However, survival of patients treated with an APR improved less than of those treated with low anterior resections (LAR). Besides, an APR is associated with a higher LR rate. METHODS: Patients were selected from the TME trial, which is a randomized, multicenter trial, studying the effects of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) in 1861 patients. Of the Dutch patients, 455 underwent an APR. Location of the bulk of the tumor was scored with surgery, pathology, or other reports. CRM was available from pathology reports. RESULT: A positive CRM was found in 29.6% of all patients, 44% for anterior, 21% for lateral, 23% for posterior, and 17% for (semi)circular tumor location (P < 0.0001). In a multivariate analysis, T-stage, N-stage, and tumor location were independent risk factors for CRM. If a (partial) resection of the vaginal wall was performed in women, 47.8% of patients still had a positive CRM. T-stage, N-stage, and CRM were risk factors for LR and age, T-stage, N-stage, CRM, and distance of the inferior tumor margin to the anal verge for OS. CONCLUSION: Age, T-stage, N-stage, CRM, distance of the tumor to the anal verge, and tumor location were independent risk factors for adverse outcome in patients treated with an APR for low rectal cancer. Anterior location, specifically in women, more often requires downstaging and/or more extended resection to obtain free margins.     

Transvaginal resection of a rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor

We herein report a case in which a rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) was resected transvaginally. The patient, a 45-year-old female, had a rectal GIST on the anterior wall of the lower rectum. The tumor was within 6?cm of the anal verge, a location which would normally require performing an ultra-low anterior resection using the Double Staple Technique, and a diverting stoma. To minimize the invasiveness of treatment and to reduce the postoperative morbidity, a transvaginal resection was performed. Under general anesthesia, the posterior vaginal mucosa was incised vertically. The tumor was then excised en bloc with the overlying rectovaginal septum and rectal mesenchymal tissue. The defect was repaired primarily, and a diverting stoma was not required. The procedure was uncomplicated, and the patient was discharged home with an intact anal sphincter function and no abdominal incisions. In female patients, transvaginal resection of low anterior rectal lesions may provide a minimally invasive alternative to the traditional ultra-low anterior resection.     

腹腔镜直肠癌超低位前切除术造口回纳后再发吻合口漏危险因素分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨腹腔镜直肠癌超低位前切除术(Ls-uLAR)并发直肠吻合口漏病人的转归,并对造口回纳后再发吻合口漏的危险因素进行初步分析。方法回顾性分析北京大学第一医院普通外科2012年1月至2020年12月同一手术团队完成的Ls-uLAR并发吻合口漏的31例直肠癌病人的临床资料及随访结果,对造口回纳后再发吻合口漏的临床特征及危险因素进行分析。结果371例接受Ls-uLAR的病人中有31例(8.4%)术后并发吻合口漏。其中预防性造口术后吻合口漏23例(23/307,7.5%),其转归为:1例围手术期死亡,1例吻合口复发再次行经腹-会阴联合切除术,6例吻合口重度狭窄难以回纳,15例经保守治疗吻合口漏临床愈合(其中2例因肺转移而放弃回纳);无预防性造口术后吻合口漏8例(8/64,12.5%),其转归为:1例围手术期死亡,2例急诊行回肠造口,5例经保守治疗愈合。符合吻合口漏临床愈合标准的15例病人于初次术后3~16个月行造口回纳,其中8例(8/15,53.3%)再次出现吻合口漏。单因素分析结果显示:新辅助放化疗(是vs.否:100.0%vs.30.0%,P=0.026)、初次术中出血量(>50 mL vs.≤50 mL 87.5%vs.14.3%,P=0.010)及吻合口内镜下缺血征象(有vs.无:85.7%vs.25.0%,P=0.041)与再发吻合口漏相关。8例再发吻合口漏病人表现为骶前脓肿并继发不完全性肠梗阻4例,反复发作肛周脓肿和肛瘘2例,直肠阴道瘘2例。所有再发漏病人经保守治疗1~2个月均未能愈合,除1例直肠阴道瘘拒绝再次造口外,其余7例均改行横结肠造口。结论腹腔镜直肠癌超低位前切除术并发吻合口漏结局不良,继发吻合口狭窄及回纳后再发吻合口漏的风险较高,对吻合口漏病人的临床愈合标准、造口回纳时机和手术方式,尤其是新辅助放化疗后病人仍有待进一步研究。     

术前经新辅助治疗的中低位直肠癌患者吻合口漏的预防和治疗

目的 探讨中低位直肠癌新辅助治疗后吻合口漏的预防和治疗.方法 回顾性分析2004年8月至2007年7月间50例低位直肠癌采用新辅助治疗保肛术后,吻合口漏的发生及治疗情况.结果 50例患者接受FOLFOX方案联合放疗的新辅助治疗后接受保肛手术.行预防性回肠末段造口的19例患者未发生吻合口漏,31例未行预防性回肠末段造口术中有4例术后发生吻合口漏,其中2例合并直肠阴道瘘,均经保守治疗治愈.结论 FOLFOX方案联合放疗的新辅助治疗,可提高中低位直肠癌手术的保肛率,保肛术后行回肠末段预防性造口,对吻合口漏的发生有预防作用.     

低位前切除并直肠全系膜切除术吻合口瘘的危险因素研究

目的 探讨低位前切除(LAR)并直肠全系膜切除(TME)术治疗中低位直肠癌发生吻合口瘘的危险因素。方法1992年9月-2000年12月,156例直肠癌病人行低位前切除(LAR)并直肠全系膜切除(TME)术,肿瘤距肛缘3～12cm。临床资料实施前瞻性方法研究,分析吻合口瘘的影响因素。结果 吻合口距肛缘平均3.6 cm(1～5 cm)。吻合口瘘率10.3％。女性(p=0.01)、近段肠造口(p=0.01)与吻合口瘘率显著低有关。而未行近段肠造口在男性病人与显著增加的吻合口瘘有关,女性则否。结论 低位前切除并直肠全系膜切除术治疗中低位直肠癌,为预防低位吻合口瘘在男性病人应常规行近段肠造口,而女性造口多不需要,只有在吻合技术不理想时可选择造口术。     

Standardized pelvic drainage of anastomotic leaks following anterior resection without diversional stomas

Background

Anastomotic leakage is a serious complication in rectal cancer surgery. More than one third of rectal cancer patients with low anterior resection (LAR) will receive defunctional stomas during primary operation.

Methods

Six hundred thirty-nine consecutive rectal cancer patients, whose tumors were located 5 to 12 cm from the anal verge, were treated with LAR. A standardized pelvic drainage for all these patients and selective irrigation for patients with leakage were conducted, and defunctional stoma was used as a salvage modality. All the anastomoses were all extraperitonealized during primary operations.

Results

The anastomotic leakage rate was 7.04%. Male gender and location of tumor were found to be risk factors for leakage in patients with LAR. The overall stoma rate was 1.88%. Nearly 75% of leakage could be cured by irrigation-suction without surgical intervention. Severe complications, such as peritonitis, fistula, and obstruction, were strong predictors of irrigation failure.

Conclusions

Extraperitonealized anastomosis and pelvic drainage obtained a very low rate of defunctional stoma for LAR. Pelvic irrigation-suction was an effective modality to resolve anastomotic leakage.