Reversal of multidrug resistance by tropane alkaloids from the stems of Erythroxylum rotundifolium

Six tropane alkaloid esters were isolated from the stems of Erythroxylum rotundifolium. The structures of three new tropane esters, 7beta-hydroxy-6beta-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyloxy)-3alpha-(E)-(3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyloxy)tropane (1), 6beta-benzoyloxy-3alpha-(Z)-(3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyloxy)tropane (2), and (-)-6beta-benzoyloxy-3alpha-hydroxytropane (3), were established by spectroscopic techniques. When alkaloids 1-6 were evaluated against a panel of human cancer cell lines, the new compound 6beta-benzoyloxy-3alpha-(Z)-(3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyloxy)tropane (2) and three known compounds, 6beta-benzoyloxy-3alpha-(3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyloxy)tropane (4), 6beta-benzoyloxy-3alpha-(E)-(3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyloxy)tropane-7beta-ol (5), and 7beta-acetoxy-6beta-benzoyloxy-3alpha-(E)-(3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyloxy)tropane (6), demonstrated greatest activity with multidrug-resistant oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB-V1) cells incubated in the presence of vinblastine. Thus, tropane esters of this type can reverse the multidrug-resistance phenotype, presumably by interacting with P-glycoprotein.     

Structures of carotenoids with 5,6-dihydro-beta-end groups from the spindle shell Fusinus perplexus

A series of pirardixanthin derivatives, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, possessing the 5,6-dihydro-beta-end group were isolated from the spindle shell Fusinus perplexus.(1,2) Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by modern spectroscopic analysis to be (4S,5S,6S,4'S,5'S,6'S)-5,6,5',6'-tetrahydro-beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-diol (1), (3S,4R,5S,6S,4'S,5'S,6'S)-5,6,5',6'-tetrahydro-beta,beta-carotene-3,4,4'-triol (2), (3S,4R,5S,6S,3'S,4'R,5'S,6'S)-5,6,5',6'-tetrahydro-beta,beta-carotene-3,4,3',4'-tetrol (3), (5S,6S,4'S,5'S,6'S)-4'-hydroxy-5,6,5',6'-tetrahydro-beta,beta-caroten-4-one (4), and (4'S,5'S,6'S)-4'-hydroxy-5',6'-dihydro-beta,beta-caroten-4-one (5).     

Cytotoxic constituents of the twigs of Simarouba glauca collected from a plot in Southern Florida

Activity-guided fractionation of a chloroform-soluble extract of Simarouba glauca twigs collected from a plot in southern Florida, and monitored with a human epidermoid (KB) tumor cell line, afforded six canthin-6-one type alkaloid derivatives, canthin-6-one (1), 2-methoxycanthin-6-one (2), 9-methoxycanthin-6-one (3), 2-hydroxycanthin-6-one (4), 4,5-dimethoxycanthin-6-one (5) and 4,5-dihydroxycanthin-6-one (6), a limonoid, melianodiol (7), an acyclic squalene-type triterpenoid, 14-deacetyleurylene (8), two coumarins, scopoletin (9) and fraxidin (10), and two triglycerides, triolein (11) and trilinolein (12). Among these isolates, compounds 1-4, 7 and 8 exhibited cytotoxic activity against several human cancer cell lines. 14-Deacetyleurylene (8) was selectively active against the Lu1 human lung cancer cell line, but was inactive in an in vivo hollow fiber assay using this same cell type.     

电针不同穴位对大鼠子宫平滑肌电活动的影响

目的:比较电针不同穴区对子宫肌电活动的影响。方法:共79只Wistar大鼠,包括40只正常未孕和39只已孕18~19 d的临产大鼠,用1.5%氯醛糖(50 mg/kg)和25%乌拉坦(420 mg/kg)混合液腹腔麻醉。前者随机分为对照、内关、合谷、三阴交组,每组10只;后者随机分为对照、内关和三阴交组,每组13只。腹壁切开后,于左侧中段子宫浆膜下埋藏一对针式不锈钢电极,记录子宫平滑肌肌电活动。电针取双侧"内关"合谷"三阴交",刺激参数为:频率2/15 Hz,强度1~2 mA,持续20 min。结果:1)在正常非孕鼠上,与对照组比,电针"三阴交"后,子宫肌电爆发波的频率及幅度、慢波的幅度明显增加(P<0.05);电针"合谷"对爆发波的频率有类似"三阴交"的作用;而电针"内关"穴后,爆发波的频率及幅度和慢波的频率明显降低(P<0.05)。与内关组比较,"三阴交"合谷"电针期间和停电针后0-5 min大多数指标均有显著性差异(P<0.05,0.001)。2)在妊娠后期大鼠上,与对照组比,电针"三阴交"后,子宫肌电的爆发波频率和幅度及慢波的幅度增加(P<0.05)且持久;电针"内关"穴后,子宫肌电爆发波、慢波的频率明显减低(P<0.05);两组相比,爆发波的频率和幅度、慢波波幅电针期间和停针后许多时程均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:电针"三阴交"和"合谷"穴可兴奋子宫平滑肌的电活动,"三阴交"穴的作用更强,而电针"内关"穴则抑制子宫肌的电活动,不同穴位的作用具有相对特异性。     

Phytochemical investigation of Turnera diffusa

A phytochemical investigation of Turnera diffusa afforded 35 compounds, comprised of flavonoids, terpenoids, saccharides, phenolics, and cyanogenic derivatives, including five new compounds (1-5) and a new natural product (6). These compounds were characterized as luteolin 8-C-E-propenoic acid (1), luteolin 8-C-beta-[6-deoxy-2-O-(alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-xylo-hexopyranos-3-uloside] (2), apigenin 7-O-(6' '-O-p-Z-coumaroyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside) (3), apigenin 7-O-(4' '-O-p-Z-coumaroylglucoside) (4), syringetin 3-O-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-d-glucopyranoside] (5), and laricitin 3-O-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-d-glucopyranoside] (6). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods.     

Absolute configuration of natural diastereoisomers of 6beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine by vibrational circular dichroism

The absolute configuration of the two natural diastereoisomers of 6beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine has been determined using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy. The predicted VCD and IR spectra of (3R,6R,2'S)-6beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine (1) and (3S,6S,2'S)-6beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine (2) were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional and 6-31G(d) basis set and considering the eight lower energy conformations of each diastereoisomer. In both cases, the first four conformers showed the N-Me group in the syn orientation, permitting the formation of a hydrogen bond between the hydroxy group at the tropane ring and the tertiary nitrogen atom. In addition the eight conformers showed an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the hydroxy and carbonyl groups of the tropic ester moiety. The calculated IR spectra of both molecules showed good agreement with the experimental spectra, while comparison of the experimental and calculated VCD spectra showed that the absolute configuration of dextrorotatory 6beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine is (3R,6R,2'S), while the levorotatory isomer is (3S,6S,2'S).     

Galloylglucosides from berries of Pimenta dioica

Three new galloylglucosides, (4S)-alpha-terpineol 8-O-beta-D-(6-O-galloyl)glucopyranoside (1); (4R)-alpha-terpineol 8-O-beta-D-(6-O-galloyl)glucopyranoside (2), and 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-diol 2-O-beta-D-(6-O-galloyl)glucopyranoside (3), were isolated from the berries of Pimenta dioica together with three known compounds, gallic acid (4), pimentol (5), and eugenol 4-O-beta-D-(6-O-galloyl)glucopyranoside (6). The structures of 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of MS and NMR spectral data and enzymatic hydrolysis. These galloylglucosides (1-3, 5, and 6) showed radical-scavenging activity nearly equivalent to that of gallic acid (4) against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical.     

咳喘宁对病毒诱发哮喘大鼠模型信号转导子和转录激活子6表达的影响

目的:研究咳喘宁对病毒诱发支气管哮喘大鼠信号转导子和转录激活子6(STAT6)及其mRNA表达的影响。方法:幼年雄性SD大鼠60只随机分为磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)对照组20只、模型组20只、地塞米松与沙丁胺醇治疗组(简称"地沙治疗组")10只和咳喘宁治疗组10只。建立卵白蛋白哮喘大鼠模型并以呼吸道合胞病毒激发哮喘。采用免疫组化法和原位杂交法分别检测STAT6蛋白和STAT6 mRNA的表达。结果:免疫组化和原位杂交法显示,模型组支气管STAT6蛋白和STAT6 mRNA的表达均高于磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)对照组、地沙治疗组和咳喘宁治疗组,其主要表达细胞是上皮细胞;咳喘宁治疗组支气管STAT6蛋白和STAT6 mRNA的表达低于模型组(P<0.01),和地沙治疗组比较,咳喘宁治疗组支气管STAT6蛋白和STAT6 mRNA的表达略高,但两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:哮喘大鼠支气管STAT6及其mRNA较强表达,上皮细胞是其主要表达细胞;咳喘宁可下调哮喘大鼠支气管STAT6及其mRNA表达,可能为其防治病毒诱发哮喘的重要机制。     

电针不同经穴对急性心肌缺血家兔心功能的影响

目的:探讨不同经穴的相对特异性作用。方法:60只家兔分为正常对照组、模型对照组、电针内关组、电针太渊组、电针神门组、电针支正组和电针三阴交组,采用静脉注射脑垂体后叶素复制急性心肌缺血模型,记录标准导联Ⅱ导心电图,获取心率、左室内压最大上升速率和下降速率以及左心室收缩压力峰值,比较电针不同经穴对急性心肌缺血家兔心功能的影响。结果:心肌缺血后,心功能各项指标值的绝对值均显著降低。电针内关组、电针神门组和电针支正组对心功能改善作用明显优于电针太渊组和电针三阴交组(P<0.05),且与模型组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。电针内关组和电针神门组与电针支正组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:电针"内关""神门"和"支正"穴可显著改善急性心肌缺血家兔的心功能,且"内关"和"神门"穴的效应更明显。而电针"太渊"穴和"三阴交"穴对心功能的改善无明显作用。     

Identification of radical scavenging compounds in Rhaponticum carthamoides by means of LC-DAD-SPE-NMR

A hyphenated LC-DAD-SPE-NMR setup in combination with on-line radical scavenging detection has been applied for the identification of radical scavenging compounds in extracts of Rhaponticumcarthamoides. After NMR measurements, the pure compounds were infused into a mass spectrometer. The technique enabled selective detection and identification of individual radical scavenging compounds without any prior off-line chromatographic steps. Seven compounds, namely, quercetagetin-7-beta-glucopyranoside (1), quercetagetin-7-(6"-acetyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (3), 6-hydroxykaempferol-7-beta-glucopyranoside (2), 6-methoxykaempferol-3-beta-glucopyranoside (4), 6-hydroxykaempferol-7-(6"-acetyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (5), chlorogenic acid (6), and beta-ecdysone (7), were identified in ethanol or aqueous extracts. Compound 5 is a new natural compound. Its radical scavenging activity was tested against DPPH radical and was found to be weaker than that of the reference antioxidants rosmarinic acid and Trolox.     

Kinmoonosides A-C, three new cytotoxic saponins from the fruits of Acacia concinna, a medicinal plant collected in myanmar

Three genuine saponins, named kinmoonosides A-C (1-3), have been isolated, together with a new monoterpenoid (4), from a methanolic extract of the fruits of Acacia concinna. The structures of kinmoonosides A-C were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis as 3-O-?alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->6)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2) ]-b eta-D-glucopyranosyl?-21-O-?(6R, 2E)-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-6-O-[4-O-(2'E)-6'-hydroxyl-2'-hydroxymet hyl-6'-methyl-2',7'-octadienoyl-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl]-2, 7-octadienoyl?acacic acid 28-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl(1-->4)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)]-a lpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1); 3-O-?alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->6)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2) ]-b eta-D-glucopyranosyl?-21-O-?(6S, 2E)-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-6-O-[4-O-(2'E)-6'-hydroxyl-2'-hydroxymet hyl-6'-methyl-2',7'-octadienoyl-beta-D-quinobopyranosyl]-2, 7-octadienoyl?acacic acid 28-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl(1-->4)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)]-a lpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2); and 3-O-?alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->6)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2) ]-b eta-D-glucopyranosyl?-21-O-[(2E)-6-hydroxyl-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,7-octadienoyl]acacic acid 28-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl(1-->4)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)]-a lpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3), respectively. The new monoterpenoid 4 was determined as 4-O-[(2E)-6-hydroxyl-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-2, 7-octadienoyl]-D-quinovopyranose. Compounds 1-3 showed significant cytotoxicity against human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells.     

电针对心肌缺血模型大鼠孤束核c-fos表达及心电图ST_(Ⅱ)的影响

目的:观察针刺"内关""足三里"对心肌缺血模型大鼠孤束核(nucleus of the solitary tract,NTS)c-fos表达及心电图STⅡ的影响,阐明延髓初级中枢在"内关""足三里"穴共同调节心功能中的作用。方法:将36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为生理盐水组、模型组、足三里组、内关组、偏历组及合阳组,每组6只,腹腔注射异丙肾上腺素造成心肌缺血模型。电针治疗20 min,采用抗Fos蛋白免疫组织化学技术观察大鼠NTS内c-fos表达和电生理技术观察大鼠心电图STⅡ的变化。结果:心肌缺血模型大鼠NTS内c-fos的表达明显增加(P<0.01),而足三里组、内关组与模型组比较,NTS内c-fos阳性细胞数均明显减少(P<0.01);足三里组、内关组NTS内c-fos阳性细胞数显著低于偏历组、合阳组(P<0.01)。足三里组、内关组大鼠缺血性心电图STⅡ电位值显著降低(P<0.01),其电位降低值大于偏历组、合阳组(P<0.01)。结论:NTS是针刺内关、足三里共同调节心功能的整合中枢之一。     

毛鸡骨草地上部分的化学成分

目的：对毛鸡骨草Abrus mollis Hance的化学成分进行研究。方法：运用多种柱层析方法进行分离纯化,通过波谱法鉴定分离得到的单体化合物的结构。结果：从毛鸡骨草地上部分的正丁醇部位分离并鉴定了8个化合物,黄酮类化合物：芹菜素-6-C-葡萄糖-8-C-葡萄糖苷（1）,芹菜素-6-C-阿拉伯糖-8-C-葡萄糖苷（2）,芹菜素-6-C-葡萄糖-8-C-阿拉伯糖苷（3）,芹菜素-6-C-葡萄糖-8-C-木糖苷（4）,木犀草素-6-C-葡萄糖苷（5）,木犀草素（6）;色原酮类化合物：异双花母草素（7）;木脂素类化合物：（＋）-异落叶松树脂醇（8）。结论：化合物1～8均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

云芝糖肽诱导人外周血淋巴细胞产生IL-6的研究

 目的:研究云芝糖肽(PSP)对人外周血淋巴细胞促诱生IL-6的作用及对IL-6mRNA转录的影响。方法:用MTT法和核酸杂交技术检测不同浓度的云芝糖肽对经植物血凝素(PHA)活化后的人外周血淋巴细胞产生IL-6的作用及其对IL-6 mRNA表达的影响。结果:云芝糖肽(50～200μg·ml^-1)可促进经PHA诱导的人外周血淋巴细胞IL-6的高效表达,以诱生培养48h较为明显,同时对IL-6 mRNA转录也表现出明显的促进效应。结论:云芝糖肽可促进人外周血淋巴细胞IL-6的高表达,其机制可能与促进细胞IL-6 mRNA转录有关。     

下丘脑室旁核对电针内关穴抗急性心肌缺血损伤作用的影响

目的：探讨下丘脑室旁核在内关心脏相关中的作用。方法：观察电针内关穴对急性缺血家兔心电图、缺血心肌细胞单相动作电位的影响及室旁核电解损毁预处理对电针内关穴效应的影响。结果：（1）电针内关穴能显著降低急性心肌缺血家兔心电图ST段电位，抑制其单相动作电位振幅衰减及时程缩短，改善心肌超微结构；（2）下丘脑室旁核电解损毁能显著降低电针内关穴效应。结论：（1）电针内关穴能抗家兔急性心肌缺血损伤；（2）下丘脑室旁核参与内关一心脏相关的中枢通路。     

电针保护大鼠急性胃黏膜损伤基本腧穴配伍“胃病方”的筛选

目的:通过对临床治疗胃病最常用的3个腧穴不同组合配伍的效应比较,选出最优的穴位组合。方法:将48只清洁级Wistar大鼠按析因设计随机分为8组,即模型组、足三里组、中脘组、内关组、足三里+中脘组、足三里+内关组、中脘+内关组、足三里+中脘+内关组。采用无水乙醇灌胃法制作急性胃黏膜损伤模型。除模型组外,其它组大鼠在相应穴位施以电针。电针治疗结束1 h后,取大鼠的胃黏膜组织,分别进行胃溃疡指数的计算、组织学观察,并运用透射电镜进行超微结构观察。结果:7个电针组与模型组相比,胃黏膜损伤指数和病理损伤积分显著降低(P<0.05)。足三里+中脘+内关组与其它6个电针组相比,两项指标降低更显著(P<0.05)。超微结构观察见模型组胃黏膜壁细胞、主细胞内线粒体肿胀,嵴排列紊乱、断裂,甚至溶解;各电针组胃黏膜细胞损伤程度减轻,足三里+中脘+内关组更为明显。结论:同时电针"足三里""内关"和"中脘"减轻胃黏膜损伤的作用优于其单穴或双穴使用,因而可作为治疗胃病的基本处方。     

Inhibition of hepatic neoglucogenesis and glucose-6-phosphatase by quercetin 3-O-alpha(2''-galloyl)rhamnoside isolated from Bauhinia megalandra leaves

In intact microsomes, quercetin 3-O-alpha-(2'-galloyl)rhamnoside (QGR) inhibits glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) in a concentration-dependent manner. QGR increased the G-6-Pase K(m) for glucose-6-phosphate without change in the V(max). The flavonol did not change the kinetic parameters of disrupted microsomal G-6-Pase or intact or disrupted microsomal G-6-Pase pyrophosphatase (PPase) activity. This result allowed the conclusion that QGR competitively inhibits the glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) transporter (T1) without affecting the catalytic subunit or the phosphate/pyrophosphate transporter (T2) of the G-6-Pase system.QGR strongly inhibits the neoglucogenic capacity of rat liver slices incubated in a Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, supplemented with lactate and oleate saturated albumin.The QGR G-6-Pase inhibition might explain the decrease in the liver slice neoglucogenic capacity and, in turn, could reduce glucose levels in diabetic patients.     

复方地黄对帕金森病大鼠多巴胺能神经元及GDNF表达的影响

目的:研究复方地黄对6-羟基多巴胺(6-hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA)诱导的帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)大鼠多巴胺能神经元的保护作用及其可能机制。方法:40只SD雄性大鼠,分为正常组、假手术组、模型组、模型组+复方地黄组(即干预组)。观察PD大鼠药物诱发的旋转行为;免疫组化法观察黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)阳性神经元数目及胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(glial cell line-derivedneurotrophic factor,GDNF)表达水平的变化。结果:干预组与模型组间的旋转圈数有明显差异(P0.05);模型组黑质TH阳性神经元数目(52.9±2.2)明显少于正常组(160.3±2.4)、假手术组(161.6±3.4)及干预组(61.5±2.6)(P0.05);在大鼠黑质和纹状体部位,干预组GDNF阳性细胞数量比正常组、假手术组、模型组均明显增加(P0.05)。结论:复方地黄方能明显改善PD大鼠的旋转行为,拮抗6-羟基多巴胺诱导的PD大鼠黑质多巴胺能神经元的丢失,其保护作用可能与促进内源性GDNF分泌增加有关。     

Biotransformation of (-)-ambrox by cell suspension cultures of Actinidia deliciosa

Biotransformation of (-)-ambrox (1) with cell suspension cultures of Actinidia deliciosa (Kiwifruit) yielded the regio- and stereospecific oxygenated products 3-oxoambrox (2), 3beta-hydroxyambrox (3), 1alpha-hydroxyambrox (4), 3beta,6beta-dihydroxyambrox (5), 1alpha,6beta-dihydroxyambrox (6), and 1alpha,3beta-dihydroxyambrox (7). Metabolites 6 and 7 were found to be new compounds. These metabolites were structurally characterized on the basis of spectroscopic studies. The structure of compound 6 was unambiguously deduced by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Metabolites 2-7 were evaluated for in vitro inhibitory activity against the thymidine phosphorylase enzyme.     

针刺不同腧穴对失眠大鼠下丘脑γ-氨基丁酸和γ-氨基丁酸A受体的影响

目的:通过比较针刺不同腧穴对失眠大鼠脑内γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)和γ-氨基丁酸A受体(gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor,GABAAR)阳性表达的影响,探讨针刺不同腧穴对失眠大鼠脑内神经递质的调整作用。方法:将70只大鼠随机分为模型对照组、空白对照组、"神门"组、"内关"组、"三阴交"组、"足三里"组、"申脉-照海"组,每组10只。大鼠腹腔注射氯苯丙氨酸制造失眠模型,各治疗组针刺相应腧穴。用免疫组织化学法检测大鼠下丘脑GABA、GABAAR的阳性细胞数。结果:同空白对照组比较,模型对照组GABA、GABAAR阳性细胞数及爬竿时间明显下降(P<0.05)。与模型对照组比较,各针刺组大鼠下丘脑内GABA和GABAAR阳性细胞数量增多,同时爬竿时间延长(P<0.05)。各针刺组之间比较,"申脉-照海"组和"神门"组的疗效明显高于"足三里"组、"三阴交"组和"内关"组(P<0.05)。结论:针刺"申脉-照海"神门"内关"足三里"和"三阴交"均可提高下丘脑GABA和GABAAR,针刺可能通过此作用起到安神镇静的作用,改善机体免疫能力,达到治疗失眠的目的。治疗失眠常用穴申脉、照海和神门的调整作用较好。