超声弹性成像在儿童肝脏中的应用进展

目前,超声弹性成像在成人肝脏中的应用相对较多,且日趋规范,在儿童肝脏中亦有一些应用,主要集中在胆道闭锁及慢性肝病方面,在正常儿童肝脏中的研究亦有少量报道。本文就超声弹性成像在儿童肝脏中的应用及其研究进展进行综述。     

肝纤维化的超声诊断学研究现状及进展

肝纤维化是各种慢性肝病发展为肝硬化的早期可逆的共同通路,是肝内细胞外基质成分降解与合成失平衡的过程。肝纤维化的临床治疗与预后均高度依赖其诊断与分期,临床亟待可靠的非侵入性评估肝纤维化进展的新技术。随着超声诊断学的飞速发展,各类超声诊断技术因其显著优势广泛用于肝纤维化诊断,包括常规超声、超声造影、实时组织弹性成像、瞬时弹性成像、单点剪切波速度测量弹性成像、剪切波速成像及声学结构定量技术等。尤其是超声弹性成像技术,在无创肝纤维化诊断及分期方面显示出极大的临床价值。本文回顾国内外诸多文献与报道,系统探讨并总结了肝纤维化超声诊断学的研究现状及进展。     

超声弹性成像技术在门静脉高压中的应用进展

门静脉高压（PH）是肝硬化主要并发症，临床表现包括腹腔积液、食管胃底静脉曲张出血及肝性脑病等。目前肝静脉压力梯度（HVPG）是诊断PH的金标准，但为有创检查。超声弹性成像对于肝纤维化分期和评估晚期慢性肝病患者PH展现出独特优势。本文就超声弹性成像预测PH及其并发症的应用进展进行综述。     

超声弹性成像组织弥散定量分析技术在评估慢性肝病严重程度的临床应用研究

目的探讨超声实时弹性成像组织弥散定量分析技术对慢性肝病的诊断价值。方法正常组(21例)、肝纤维化组(57例)及肝硬化组(13例)三组患者均行超声实时弹性成像检查,并将所取得的12个组织弥散定量参数进行对照研究。结果 12个参数中除峰度(KURT)、相关性(CORR)外,三组间各数据比较差异均有统计学意义;除KURT外,其余参数与肝病严重程度之间有良好的相关性(P0.05),其中以应变均值(MEAN)、蓝色区域面积比(%AREA)及弹性指数(LF)相关系数最大,分别为-0.634、0.620、0.619;以%AREA、LF及MEAN区分正常组与肝纤维化组+肝硬化组的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.830、0.813、0.832;区分正常组+肝纤维化组与肝硬化组的曲线下面积分别为0.910、0.936、0.928。结论超声实时弹性成像检查有助于区分正常组、肝纤维化组及肝硬化组患者,其中以MEAN、LF及%AREA与慢性肝病的严重程度相关性最高,对区分慢性肝病各阶段方面有较好的诊断价值。     

慢性肝病患者行SWE和常规超声检查诊断对敏感度和特异度的对比研究

目的:评价慢性肝病患者行SWE和常规超声检查诊断对敏感度和特异度的对比效果。方法:选取我院放射科在2017年4月-2019年6月前来就诊治疗的慢性肝病患者为主要观察主体,抽选56例入院后接受常规超声检查和实时剪切波弹性成像(SWE)检查,常规超声对肝包膜、肝实质及脾脏大小进行评定,而实时剪切波弹性成像技术检测肝脏弹性模量,以肝组织的病理结果为金标准,对比两种诊断技术与肝纤维化病理分期的关系、代偿期肝硬化及失代偿期肝硬化的敏感度和特异度。结果:实时SWE技术诊断后的敏感度和特异度明显比常规超声的结果高,统计对比有意义,P<0.05;常规超声技术在肝纤维化相邻分期间的对比差异不明显,而不相邻的肝纤维化分期间对比有统计学意义,P<0.05;肝脏弹性模量相邻分期或不相邻分期间对比均有显著的统计意义,P<0.05。结论:临床诊断慢性肝病,选择SWE技术诊断的准确性高,操作便捷,相比常规超声的诊断效果好,值得临床应用。     

声脉冲辐射力成像技术对慢性肝病肝纤维化的弹性研究

目的 应用声脉冲辐射力成像(acoustic radiation force impulse,ARF1)技术评价慢性肝病患者肝脏弹性的诊断价值.方法 采用ARFI技术对88例慢性肝病患者、80例中重度脂肪肝患者及健康成人84例进行检测,比较肝组织的弹性参数(剪切波速度),评价肝纤维化程度.结果 慢性肝病组的剪切波速度为(2.08±0.63)m/s,与健康成人组及脂肪肝组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);而健康成人组与脂肪肝组剪切波速度分别为(1.15±0.43)m/s和(1.03±0.37)m/s,两者间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);肝硬化患者[(2.47±=0.59)m/s]较慢性肝病测值增高,差异显著(P＜0.01);慢性肝病并发肝癌的患者,肿瘤边缘部测值(3.36±0.97)m/s与慢性肝病背景比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论 声脉冲辐射力成像技术能够无创量化反映慢性肝病肝纤维化弹性程度,是很好的评价慢性肝病的超声成像技术,具有很好的临床应用价值.     

慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化超声弹性成像与病理对照研究

目的 探讨超声弹性成像对肝纤维化的诊断价值.方法 应用超声弹性成像对120例慢性乙型肝炎患者进行检查并进行弹性评分,分析弹性评分与肝纤维化病理分期的相关性,比较弹性评分评价肝纤维化与病理诊断的差异性.结果 弹性评分与肝纤维化程度呈显著正相关(r=0.875,P＜0.01),Marginal Homogeneity检验(...     

超声实时组织弹性成像定量分析对肝脏纤维化程度的诊断和鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨超声实时组织弹性成像定量分析对肝脏纤维化程度的诊断和鉴别价值。方法回顾性分析60例慢性乙型肝炎患者的临床资料,均经肝穿刺活检确诊,作为研究组。选取同期到本院体检的60例健康对象,作为对照组。两组均行超声实时组织弹性成像定量分析。以肝穿刺活检病理结果为标准,判断超声实时组织弹性成像定量分析对肝脏纤维化的诊断效能。并测算两组实时组织弹性成像参数。结果以肝穿刺活检病理结果为标准,超声实时组织弹性成像定量分析诊断灵敏度为94.74%,特异度为95.45%,准确度为95.00%;研究组平均相对应变值低于对照组,蓝色面积百分比、对比度、偏度、复杂度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论超声实时组织弹性成像定量分析可为肝脏纤维化程度诊断及鉴别提供较准确依据。     

超声弹性成像评价肝纤维化程度的初步探讨

目的 探讨超声弹性成像在评价肝纤维化程度中的应用价值.方法 慢性乙型肝炎患者50例,进行肝穿前作超声弹性成像评分,分为1～4分,将肝组织纤维化病理分期与超声弹性成像评分进行对比分析.结果 超声弹性成像评分与肝组织纤维化病理分期的相关系数为0.813(P=0.000),超声弹性成像评分随肝纤维化程度的上升而增高.肝纤维化S4期作为早期肝硬化诊断指标,通过ROC曲线分析超声弹性成像评分曲线下面积为0.883(P=0.000),敏感性88.9%、特异性95.1%.结论 超声弹性成像在评价肝纤维化程度中具有独特优势和广阔的应用前景.     

超声弹性成像诊断Graves病和慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎的价值

目的探讨超声弹性成像诊断Graves病和慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎的价值。方法选择2017年8月至2018年6月收治的Graves病患者和慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎患者,各50例,均经病理检查确诊,所有患者均行超声弹性成像和常规超声诊断,对比诊断结果。结果两组患者甲状腺回声均以2级为主,差异无统计学意义,P0.05;Graves病患者低回声区分布以2级为主,98%(49/50)的患者无网格样强回声,而慢性淋巴细胞甲状腺炎患者低回声区分布以3级为主,78%(39/50)的患者有网格样强回声,两组患者比较,差异有统计学意义,P0.05;Graves病弹性图像多为1、2级,而慢性淋巴细胞甲状腺炎的弹性图像以3级为主,组间比较,差异有统计学意义;以病理诊断为金标准,弹性成像技术的诊断准确率明显高于常规彩超诊断,差异有统计学意义,P0.05。结论超声弹性成像对于诊断Graves病和慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎能从影像资料中获取更多信息,诊断准确率高。     

Contemporary use of elastography in liver fibrosis and portal hypertension

The risk and speed of progression from fibrosis to compensated and decompensated cirrhosis define the prognosis in liver diseases. Therefore, early detection and preventive strategies affect outcomes. Patients with liver disease have traditionally been diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease, in part due to lack of non-invasive markers. Ultrasound elastography to measure liver stiffness can potentially change this paradigm. The purpose of this review was therefore to summarize advances in the field of ultrasound elastography with focus on diagnosis of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and clinically significant portal hypertension, techniques and limitations. Four types of ultrasound elastography exist, but there is scarce evidence comparing the different techniques. The majority of experience concern transient elastography for diagnosing fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C. That said, the role of elastography in other aetiologies such as alcoholic- and non-alcoholic liver fibrosis still needs clarification. Although elastography can be used to diagnose liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, its true potential lies in the possibility of multiple, repeated measurements that allow for treatment surveillance, continuous risk stratification and monitoring of complications. As such, elastography may be a powerful tool for personalized medicine. While elastography is an exciting technique, the nature of ultrasound imaging limits its applicability, due to the risk of failures and unreliable results. Key factors that limit the applicability of liver stiffness measurements are as follows: liver vein congestion, cholestasis, a recent meal, inflammation, obesity, observer experience and ascites. The coming years will show whether elastography will be widely adapted in general care.     

New diagnostic method for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis

Liver fibrosis, i.e. excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, occurs in most types of chronic liver diseases. The prognosis and management of chronic liver diseases depend on the degree of liver fibrosis. Therefore, the assessment of liver fibrosis provides useful information not only for diagnosis but also for treatment planning. Although liver biopsy is still the gold standard for assessing hepatic fibrosis, it has some technical limitations and risks. Furthermore, the dynamic process of liver fibrosis resulting from progression and regression cannot be quantified by liver biopsy. Therefore, alternative, simple, reliable and noninvasive tests are needed to assess the stage of fibrosis. Several noninvasive direct and indirect serum markers able to predict the presence of significant fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease with considerable accuracy have been reported. However, since most of these markers require complicated calculations, clinical application is difficult. Transient elastography (FibroScan) is a new method for the evaluation of liver stiffness. The technique is based on changes in tissue elasticity induced by hepatic fibrosis. Liver stiffness measured by transient elastography is a noninvasive, reproducible and reliable method to assess hepatic fibrosis as well as to diagnose liver cirrhosis. Based on accumulating clinical data, clinical applications of elastography will increase in the near future.     

超声弹性成像与钼靶X线成像诊断乳腺疾病的对照研究

目的 探讨超声弹性成像(UE)与钼靶X线成像(MX-rP)诊断乳腺疾病的价值.方法 对80例女性患者共105个病灶术前行UE与MX-rP检查,以手术病理为诊断金标准,对比分析UE与MX-rP诊断乳腺疾病的准确性.结果 病理诊断良性59例(共79个病灶),恶性21例(共26个病灶).UE诊断乳腺恶性病变的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为88.5%、96.2%、94.3%.MX-rP诊断乳腺恶性病变的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为69.2%、92.4%、86.7%.UE诊断准确性高于MX-rP(P＜0.05).结论 UE诊断乳腺病变的准确性高于MX-rP,两者结合可提高乳腺良恶性病变诊断的准确性.     

实时组织弹性成像诊断肝纤维化

目的 评价实时组织弹性成像(RTE)在诊断肝纤维化中的价值.方法 应用RTE对70例慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)患者的肝脏纤维化程度进行评分,分为0～4分,0分为阴性,1～4为阳性,并与肝组织纤维化病理学分期进行对照.结果 RTE评为阳性者52例,评为阴性者18例,RTE诊断肝纤维化的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为97.73%(43/44),65.38%(17/26)和85.71%(60/70).以RTE阳性作为肝纤维化的诊断标准,通过ROC曲线分析弹性图像硬度评分的曲线下面积为0.92.结论 RTE为诊断肝纤维化提供了新的手段,是一项具有发展前景的新的无创性的诊断方法.     

肝脏瞬时弹性成像和超声诊断参数在脂肪肝诊断及病情程度评估中的应用价值

  目的  探究肝脏瞬时弹性成像和超声诊断参数在脂肪肝诊断及病情程度评估中的应用价值。  方法  选择2019年1月1日~ 2021年3月1日于我院确诊为脂肪肝的120例患者作为观察组,并选取同时期健康体检者50例作为对照组,均行肝脏彩色多普勒超声及瞬时弹性成像检查。根据肝脏常规检查(肝脏大小、肝实质回声)结果对观察组患者进行病情程度评估,将患者分为轻度组(n=54)、中度组(n=44)和重度组(n=24),分别比较4组BMI、皮下脂肪层厚度、肝组织声速值、肝脏硬度值,采用Kappa一致性检验分析肝脏瞬时弹性成像与彩色多普勒超声诊断脂肪肝结果一致性,线性趋势卡方检验分析肝脏瞬时弹性成像与彩色多普勒超声诊断脂肪肝的相关性。  结果  对照组、轻度组、中度组、重度组患者BMI、皮下脂肪层厚度、肝脏硬度值依次增加,中度组、重度组患者肝组织声速值依次降低(P < 0.05),对照组、轻度组、中度组患者肝组织声速值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肝脏瞬时弹性成像与彩色多普勒超声诊断脂肪肝结果一致性良好(Kappa=0.67,P < 0.05);肝脏瞬时弹性成像与彩色多普勒超声诊断脂肪肝相关性有统计学意义,且肝脏瞬时弹性成像对于轻、中度脂肪肝区分度高于彩色多普勒超声(总变异χ2=298.25,线性回归分量χ2=203.47,偏离线性回归分量χ2=91.43,P < 0.05)。  结论  肝脏瞬时弹性成像和超声诊断脂肪肝一致性良好,但肝脏瞬时弹性成像可更精细区分病情程度。      

实时超声弹性成像诊断慢性肝病肝纤维化

目的探讨实时超声弹性成像(RTE)评价肝纤维化的价值。方法对88例慢性病毒性肝炎患者进行RTE扫查,测量肝组织/肋间肌肉组织的应变比。全部患者均接受经皮肝穿刺术并采集血清生化学指标,将应变比与实验室检测结果与肝纤维化病理分期进行对照。结果应变比与肝纤维化病理分期呈负相关(r=-0.82,P<0.01)。以肝明显纤维化(≥S2期)作为诊断标准,应变比的ROC曲线下面积为0.92,优于天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶/血小板比例指数(0.90)和Forns指数(0.84);以应变比1.10作为诊断肝明显纤维化的最佳诊断界值,其敏感度为86.84%,特异度为82.00%,阳性预测值为78.57%,阴性预测值为89.13%。结论 RTE可作为无创判断肝纤维化程度的新方法。     

四项生化指标在肝病诊断中的应用

目的探讨总胆汁酸(TBA)、腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)、α-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)四项指标在肝病诊断中的意义。方法采用O lympus Au640全自动生化分析仪检测91例各种肝病患者和30例健康人血清中TBA、ADA、LAP、AFU的水平,并对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果四项指标在各种肝病中均有升高,其中TBA和LAP在急性肝炎时显著升高,阳性率为90%和85%;ADA在慢性肝炎和肝硬化时升高显著,阳性率分别为80.0%和85.2%;而AFU和LAP在肝癌中显著增高,阳性率各为71.4%和92.8%。结论在急性肝炎时TBA、LAP应用价值较高;慢性肝炎时和肝硬化时,ADA应用价值较高;肝癌时,AFU、LAP应用价值较高。     

Comparison of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging and Transient Elastography for Non-invasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

The aims of this study were to compare the performance of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography and transient elastography (TE) in the assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and to evaluate the impact of elevated alanine transaminase levels on liver stiffness assessment using ARFI elastography. One hundred eighty consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis B were enrolled in this study and evaluated with respect to histologic and biochemical features. All patients underwent ARFI elastography and TE. ARFI elastography and TE correlated significantly with histologically assessed fibrosis (r = 0.599, p < 0.001, for ARFI elastography; r = 0.628, p < 0.001, for TE) and necro-inflammatory activity (r = 0.591, p < 0.001, for ARFI elastography; r = 0.616, p < 0.001, for TE). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for ARFI elastography and TE were 0.764 and 0.813 (p = 0.302, ≥stage 2), 0.852 and 0.852 (p = 1.000, ≥stage 3) and 0.825 and 0.799 (p = 0.655, S = 4), respectively. The optimum cutoff values for ARFI elastography were 1.63 m/s for stage ≥2, 1.74 m/s for stage ≥3 and 2.00 m/s for stage 4 in patients for whom alanine transaminase levels were evaluated. The cutoff values decreased to 1.24 m/s for ≥ stage 2, 1.32 m/s for ≥ stage 3 and 1.41 m/s for stage 4 in patients with normal alanine transaminase levels. ARFI elastography may be a reliable method for diagnosing the stage of liver fibrosis with diagnostic performance similar to that of TE in patients with chronic hepatitis B. In addition, liver stiffness values obtained with ARFI elastography, like those obtained with TE, may be influenced by alanine transaminase levels.