腹腔镜结合术中内窥镜治疗结直肠良性病变13例分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术结合术中内窥镜治疗结直肠良性病变的方法和临床意义.方法 回顾性分析2004年6月至2006年12月13例结直肠良性病变以腹腔镜结合术中内窥镜治疗的患者的临床资料.结果 结肠多发性息肉1例,息肉3枚,直径1.5 cm～2.5 cm,乙状结肠、降结肠和直肠上段单发息肉或腺瘤11例,病变直径1.5 cm～3.0 cm,降结肠憩室并出血1例,直径1 cm,全部患者均在腹腔镜下结合术中内窥镜定位,经腹壁小切口找到定位处肠管切开后完整切除病变或缝扎憩室.无术后并发症.结论 腹腔镜结合术中内窥镜治疗结直肠良性病变定位准确、创伤小、安全有效,适合结直肠大部分位置良性疾病的治疗.     

直肠粘膜剥脱加回肠储袋——肛管吻合术治疗结直肠粘膜病变(文献综述)

腹部全结肠切除、直肠粘膜剥脱加回肠储袋——肛管吻合术(Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis:IPAA)用于治疗弥漫性良性结直肠粘膜病(如溃疡性结肠炎、家族性结直肠息肉病),愈来愈得到患者的青睐.该手术可以根治良性结直肠粘膜病变,同时     

腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术(二)

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术适应证与开腹手术大致相同，亦分姑息性手术与根治性手术。对晚期伴有广泛转移的结直肠癌病例行姑息性手术，包括腹腔镜肠造瘘、肠道转流及节段性结直肠切除术。根治性手术适用于结直肠任何一段的癌肿，其切除范围应包括癌肿所在肠襻、系膜及其区域淋巴结；各根治术式的要求详见各节。主要术式包括：腹腔镜右半结肠切除术、腹腔镜左半结肠切除术、腹腔镜次全和全结肠切除术、腹腔镜TME直肠前切除术、腹腔镜TME腹会阴直肠切除术。     

微创外科结、直肠肿瘤规范化手术标准(草案)

1 结、直肠微创外科手术的界定 通过腹腔镜完成结、直肠手术的主要步骤,且腹部切口明显小于常规开腹手术的长度,即属结、直肠微创外科手术范畴. 2 结、直肠癌的手术适应证、禁忌证、原则 2.1 适应证 腹腔镜结、直肠癌手术适应证与开腹手术大致相同.①姑息性手术: 对晚期伴有广泛转移的结、直肠癌病例,行腹腔镜肠造瘘、肠道转流及节段性结、直肠切除术; ②根治性手术: 结、直肠任何一段的癌肿均可在腹腔镜下切除,切除范围应包括癌肿所在肠襻、系膜及其区域淋巴结; ③主要术式: 腹腔镜右半结肠切除术; 腹腔镜左半结肠切除术; 腹腔镜直肠、乙状结肠切除术.各术式指征基本同开腹手术.     

结肠直肠淋巴管瘤(附2例报告)

目的:探讨结肠直肠淋巴管瘤的诊断和治疗。方法 :报道本院收治的2例结肠淋巴管瘤病例,并检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库及万方医学网中有关结肠直肠淋巴管瘤的文献。检索时间为各数据库建库至2014年9月。分析其一般情况、临床表现、影像学检查、内镜检查、手术方法及病理学检查。结果:共计12篇文献,15例病人(包括本院2例)纳入本研究,其中男7例,女8例;平均年龄(49.1±17.5)(0.5~71.0)岁。所有病变均位于黏膜下,其中结肠11例,直肠4例。所有病人均接受手术治疗,其中2例行右半结肠切除术,9例行病变肠段切除术,3例行内镜治疗,1例合并直肠癌行Dixon手术。结论:结肠直肠淋巴管瘤极为罕见且缺乏特异性临床表现。影像学检查、内镜及内镜超声检查有助于术前诊断。确诊依据术后病理学检查。手术切除是结肠直肠淋巴管瘤首选治疗方法。>2 cm的结肠直肠淋巴管瘤行病变肠段切除,≤2 cm者可行内镜黏膜下剥离术。     

结肠代食管术后远期并发症的观察

目的 探讨结肠代食管术治疗食管良性疾病远期并发症的病因和防治措施。方法577例结肠代食管术中良性疾病组123例,术后106例（86％）随访1～28年。其中11例出现（25例次）严重并发症：结肠冗长、扩张12例次,吻合口重度狭窄4例次,食管巨囊状变2例次,结肠胃吻合口过大4例次,肠段梗阻3例次。根据病变采取狭窄区成形或切除、冗长肠段切除重建、梗阻区松解、吻合口切除重建。结果 经1次手术矫治8例,2次手术2例,3次手术1例。术后恢复正常饮食者9例（9／11）,进食明显改善者2例（2／11）。结论 食管良性疾病结肠代食管术后远期并发症的病因归属于医源性和功能性两大类,其预防措施为术中注意：颈部食管-结肠吻合口〉2．5cm,腹段结肠-胃吻合口加抗反流术,结肠上提通道宽畅无阻,肠管拉直;对出现局限性狭窄或肠段扩张、冗长排空不畅,再次手术矫治为最佳选择。     

成人巨结肠类缘病急诊手术14例

目的：探讨成人巨结肠类缘病急诊手术中的诊断及治疗方法。方法：14例成人巨结肠类缘病急诊手术患者,10例行术中快速冰冻病理检查,9例行病变肠段切除一期吻合、回肠造口术,4例行病变肠段切除、结肠造口术,1例行全结肠切除一期吻合术。结果：14例中12例术后恢复顺利,2例出现术后胃瘫。结论：成人巨结肠类缘病急诊手术行病变肠段切除一期吻合术是安全可行的,术中快速冰冻病理检查、肠管腹壁造口及术者经验对手术成功至关重要。     

手术治疗老年人自发性乙状结肠穿孔39例

目的：探讨老年人自发性乙状结肠穿孔的病因、临床特点和手术治疗方法。方法：完善术前准备剖腹探查,术中快速病理检查。根据病灶位置、大小及腹腔污染情况,行病变肠段切除远端关闭加近段结肠造瘘或穿孔修补加近段结肠双腔造瘘或穿孔段乙状结肠外置造痿。结果：行穿孔段乙状结肠外置造瘘1例,穿孔修补加近段结肠双腔造瘘3例,病变肠段切除远端关闭加近段结肠造瘘：35例。行切口减张缝合30例。术后发生切口感染18例,切口裂开再手术2例,死亡16例。结论：便秘是老年人自发性乙状结肠穿孔主要病因,泛影葡胺灌肠造影有利定性和定位诊断,及时手术是提高疗效的关健,手术方式应以病变肠段切除远端关闭加近段结肠造瘘为首选。     

腹腔镜联合结肠镜手术治疗结直肠小占位(≤3cm)病变

目的探讨腹腔镜联合结肠镜治疗结直肠小占位(≤3 cm)病变的临床效果。方法 2010年1月~2015年1月我院采用腹腔镜联合结肠镜手术治疗小占位结直肠肿瘤41例,结肠镜进行全结直肠内探查,在结肠镜下注射亚甲蓝进行染色,腹腔镜下进行局部钛夹定位,退出结肠镜,术中根据快速冰冻病理结果选择在腹腔镜下肠管切除、结直肠根治术等相应手术。结果 41例均顺利完成腹腔镜联合结肠镜手术,无中转开腹。9例术前诊断为癌前病变,术中及术后病理诊断为结肠上皮内瘤变6例,Tis期腺癌3例。32例术前诊断为0~Ⅰ期结直肠癌者,术中及术后诊断Ⅰ期29例,其中T_1N_0M_0期腺癌23例,T_2N_0M_0期腺癌6例;Ⅲ期3例,均为T_2N_1M_0期腺癌。多发病灶2例。结肠上皮内瘤变及Tis期结直肠肠癌行病变肠管切除,T_1~T_2期结直肠癌均行结直肠癌根治术。2例结肠上皮瘤变分别在术后9、12个月随访无复发。其余39例随访24~49个月,中位时间38.6月,35例结直肠癌中,1例T_2N_1M_0即Ⅲ期腺癌术后34个月结肠镜复查局部复发,所有患者均无转移。结论腹腔镜联合结肠镜治疗≤3 cm良性及Tis~T_2期恶性结直肠肿瘤,可发挥双镜优势,尤其适用于单镜难以定位或完全切除的病变,可提高定位精确性及手术安全性。     

B型肠神经元发育异常症的诊断与手术治疗

目的：了解B型肠神经元发育异常症的诊断与手术治疗效果。方法：对45例该病患儿进行回顾性分析及远期随访。术前所有患儿均行钡灌肠X线检查，23例行下消化道动力学检测，17例行直肠粘膜活检加S100蛋白免疫组织化学染色。所有患儿均行病变肠段切除、结肠直肠吻合术。行多处全层活检手术标本。结果：本组中16例为单纯性B型肠神经元发育异常症，28例合并先天性巨结肠，1例合并肠神经节细胞减少。16例单纯性行钡灌肠X线检查时仅有4例可见确切的狭窄段，9例单纯性中有6例未出现直肠肛管抑制反射，17例活检中只有7例可获得提示性诊断。全层活检可准确诊断该病。术后3例发生小肠结肠炎患儿经保守治疗痊愈，1例发生闸门症候群而再次手术，其他患儿均能自解、自控大便。结论：全层活检是诊断该病的可靠方法。病变肠段切除、结肠直肠吻合术治疗本病可获得满意的疗效。     

p53基因的变异在遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌发病中的作用

目的：研究p53基因在遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌(HNPCC)中的表达，以了解其在HNPCC发病中的作用。方法：标本取自13个严格符合Amsterdam标准的HNPCC家系的22例大肠癌、10例良性肠道病变及20例散发性大肠癌病人的肿瘤组织石蜡切片。采用免疫组化方法进行p53基因表达研究，其结果应用SPSS10．0软件进行分析。结果：63．7％的HNPCC病人中p53免疫组化呈阴性表达，仅27.2％呈阳性表达，说明在HNPCC病人中p53多呈野生型存在；而在散发性大肠癌中，90％病人p53呈阳性表达，两组比较，差异有显著性。结论：p53的变异在HNPCC发病中可能不起主导地位。p53阴性的大肠癌病例应进一步随访研究其是否属HNPCC家系。     

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??Surgical treatment for young patients with colorectal cancer: an analysis of 216 cases XING Jun,DONG Xin-shu. Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150040, China
Corresponding author: DONG Xin-shu, E-mail:dxs82132079@126.com
Abstract Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features and surgical treatment of young patients with colorectal cancer. Methods Between 1976 and 2007, 216 cases of histologically proven colorectal cancer who were no more than thirty years old admitted at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were included in the study. The clinicopathological factors based on patient, operation, and tumor findings were analyzed retrospectively. Results There were 137 male patients and 79 female patients. The rectum and sigmoid colon were the most popular sites in young patients with colorectal cancer. There were 136 patients with rectum cancer and 41 patients with sigmoid colon cancer. The average distance from rectal cancer to anal verge was 4.5cm. There were only 13 patients with right hemicolon cancer. Thirty three patients had complicated diseases before operation, such as intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation and serious hemophthisis. One hundred and fifty nine patients performed radical excision while 57 patients were performed palliative resection. The 5-year surviral rate of radical excision and palliative resection was 46.4% and respectively. Thirteen patiants wrer performed emergency surgery Fifteen patients had complicated diseases after operation, such as intestinal obstruction, hemorrhage and infection. Conclusion The rectum is the predominant site for young patients with colorectal cancers. Mucinous and signet ring cell carcinoma are two major histological categories. The young patients have poor prognosis. Operation is an ideal way to treat the young patients with colorectal cancer. The extended resection with nervous retention is the most effective operation type.     

The learning curve in laparoscopic resections of the colon and rectum: results and considerations

A well-designed learning curve is essential for the success of laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results and characteristics of the learning curve in laparoscopic colorectal surgery beginning with benign diseases and eventually going on to include colonic resections for cancer. A total of 60 laparoscopic resections were performed. In the first 33 cases only benign diseases (diverticular disease and polyps) were treated. The next 27 cases included resections for cancer, initially with the following exclusion criteria: obesity, previous abdominal surgery, emergency surgery for occlusion, voluminous tumours or infiltration of surrounding organs. Since January 2002 the only applicable exclusion criteria for laparoscopic resection have been emergency surgery for occlusion and invasion of adjacent organs. The following procedures were performed: 29 left hemicolectomies, 19 sigmoid resections, 7 segmentary resections, 3 abdomino-perineal resections and 2 right hemicolectomies. The conversion rate was 11.6%. The mean length of the segment removed was 21.5 cm. The mean number of lymph nodes harvested (for cancer) was 22.3. Major complications were observed in 3.3% and minor complications in 13.3%. The operative time decreased from a mean of 207 minutes to a mean of 170 minutes in the last group of 20 patients. Laparoscopic resections are safe and give the patient the opportunity to make a rapid recovery with less pain and a better outcome. We suggest performing laparoscopic colorectal resections initially for benign diseases (diverticular disease and polyps). This is needed in order to hone the technique. Resections for cancer can be undertaken only when the surgical team can guarantee an oncologically correct procedure in terms of lymphadenectomy, intraabdominal manipulation and extraction of the diseased segment from the abdomen.     

Intestinale Anastomosen und Techniken im Bereich des unteren Gastrointestinaltraktes

Surgery of the lower gastrointestinal tract includes segmental resections for benign colorectal diseases and radical resections for treating colorectal cancer performed under elective and emergency conditions. The most important part of the surgical procedure is the reconstruction of the physiological intestinal continuity by anastomosis. At present laparoscopic surgery has widened the array of different suturing and stapling techniques. The effectiveness of manual and stapled anastomoses depends on the expertise of the surgeon. However, skilful preparation of the hand-sutured technique is essential.     

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目的 探讨大肠镜在不明原因和部位的急性小肠大出血手术中的应用方法和临床疗效。方法 对1995～2003年28例不明原因的急性小肠大出血病人，剖腹探查后行全小肠大肠镜检查，结合快速病理检查和外科处理，明确出血原因和部位，给予相应治疗。结果 全组28例病人均明确了出血原因和部位，十二指肠降部以下至Treitz韧带出血11例，空回肠出血17例；病理检查小肠恶性肿瘤出血7例(25．0％)，小肠良性肿瘤出血5例(18．2％)，小肠其他良性疾病16例(56．8％)。小肠壁部分切除术4例，部分小肠切除吻合术17例，根治性小肠切除吻合术7例。无手术死亡。结论 术中大肠镜检查对不明原因小肠出血诊断方便、及时、确切，可用于术前检查，如不能明确病因的小肠出血、急性大出血危及生命、急诊检查条件差时，尤其适用于不允许进行较长时间、较复杂检查的小肠出血病人。     

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery in routine at a municipal hospital

The importance of laparoscopic techniques in colorectal surgery as routine service in a municipal hospital is described in a prospective study. Patients and method: From April 1993 to March 1997 359 patients were operated laparoscopically for colon and rectum diseases in the surgical department of the municipal hospital Zehlendorf Berlin, local area Behring. In the beginning we operated only patients with benign disorders. Since July 1995 patients with colorectal malignancies were resected on the basis of oncological criteria within a multicenter prospective trial. 149 patients (41.5%) were operated for benign colorectal diseases. 93 patients (25.9%) had diverticulosis, diverticulitis or benign tumors. 26 were resected in MIS-technique for rectum prolapse. 180 patients presented with colorectal malignancies and were operated in 153 cases (42.9%) with curative intention. Results: Mean operation time was between 60 and 520 min. Learning curve reduces after 40 operations operation time significantly. Severe complications appeared in 4.5% of all cases.     

原发性小肠肿瘤的诊治经验(附60例报告)

目的探讨原发性小肠肿瘤的临床特点、误诊原因及诊断方法。方法回顾性分析我院1985年1月~2005年12月诊治的原发性小肠肿瘤60例的临床资料。结果本组术前仅确诊21例,余均误诊,误诊率达75%。术后发生肺部感染2例、切口感染3例、粘连性肠梗阻2例,均经保守治疗治愈;发生胰瘘1例,病人于术后11d死于多器官功能衰竭。结论本病少见,容易误诊。上消化道内镜检查、X线钡餐检查、BUS及CT检查是诊断本病的主要方法。     

大肠癌术后检测腹腔引流液癌胚抗原的临床价值

目的：探讨大肠癌术后检测腹腔引流液癌胚抗原（CEA）的临床意义。 方法：检测112例大肠癌患者术前与术后第1天血清CEA浓度,以及术后第1天腹腔引流液中CEA浓度,并以35例肠道良性疾病患者术后腹腔引流液CEA浓度为对照,比较大肠癌患者手术前后血清CEA浓度的变化,以及大肠癌患者与肠道良性疾病患者术后腹腔引流液CEA浓度的差异,并分析大肠癌患者腹腔引流液CEA浓度与临床病理特征的关系。 结果：大肠癌患者术后第1天血清CEA浓度较术前明显下降,术后第1天腹腔引流液CEA浓度明显高于肠道良性疾病者（均P<0.05）。大肠癌患者腹腔引流液CEA浓度与肿瘤分化程度无关（P>0.05）,而与肿瘤浸润深度、临床分期呈同向变化关系,且有淋巴结或远处转移者明显高于无转移者（均P<0.05）。 结论：大肠癌术后检测腹腔引流液CEA浓度对判断预后具有重要参考价值。     

Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography: a new ERAS item

ERAS protocol and indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) represent the new surgical revolution minimizing complications and shortening recovery time in colorectal surgery. As of today, no studies have been published in the literature evaluating the impact of the ICG-FA in the ERAS protocol for the patients suitable for colorectal surgery. The aim of our study was to assess whether the systematic evaluation of intestinal perfusion by ICG-FA could improve patients outcomes when managed with ERAS perioperative protocol, thus reducing surgical complication rate. This is a retrospective case–control study. From March 2014 to April 2017, 182 patients underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery for benign and malignant diseases. All the patients were enrolled in ERAS protocol. Two groups were created: Group A comprehended 107 patients managed within the ERAS pathway only and Group B comprehended 75 patients managed as well as with ERAS pathway plus the intraoperative assessment of intestinal perfusion with ICG-FA. Two board-certified laparoscopic colorectal surgeons jointly performed all procedures. Six (5.6%) clinically relevant anastomotic leakages (AL) occurred in Group A, while there was none in Group B, demonstrating that ICG-FA integrated in the ERAS protocol can lead to a statistically significant reduction of the AL. Mean operative time between the two groups was not statistically significant. In five cases (6.6%), the demarcation line set by the fluorescence made the surgeon change the resection line previously marked. The prevalence of all other complications did not differ statistically between the two groups. Our study confirms that combination between ICG and ERAS protocol is feasible and safe and reduces the anastomotic leakage, possibly leading to consider ICG-FA as a new ERAS item.     

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目的 探讨小肠出血的原因、诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析1988～1998年经手术及病理证实的小肠出血67例的临床资料。结果 小肠出血原因中肿瘤占首位(29例)，良、恶性肿瘤差异不明显，其他原因依次为炎性肠病(15例)、小肠憩室(12例)、血管病变(7例)及家族性肠息肉病(4例)。67例病人均经手术治疗，以肠段切除为主要手术方法。结论 小肠气钡双重造影、选择性肠系膜血管造影及核素扫描为诊断小肠出血的主要手段，对常规检查难以确诊且又高度怀疑小肠出血的病人可采用剖腹探查。