微创内固定系统结合拉力螺钉在股骨远端复杂骨折中的应用

背景:股骨远端复杂骨折是创伤骨科治疗的难点,微创内固定系统(LISS)与传统内固定方法治疗股骨远端复杂骨折的报道比较普遍,但LISS结合拉力螺钉治疗股骨远复杂骨折的报道鲜见。目的:探讨应用LISS结合拉力螺钉治疗33C2和33C3型股骨远端复杂骨折的疗效与影响因素。方法:2005年8月至2010年12月应用LISS治疗20例股骨远端骨折,男11例,女9例;年龄28～60岁,平均44岁;33C2型8例、33C3型12例;交通伤10例,高处坠落伤8例,压砸伤2例;闭合性骨折18例,开放性骨折2例均为GustiloⅡA型。受伤至手术时间3～12d,平均7.5d,均采用髌骨旁外侧切口,应用LISS结合松质骨、空心螺钉或皮质骨螺钉复位固定骨折。结果:全部获得随访,随访时间为12～25个月,平均18.5个月。所有患者切口均一期愈合。放射学愈合时间12～35周,平均22周;完全负重时间12～24周,平均18周。1例出现骨延迟愈合,最终达骨性愈合;无一例发生浅部及深部感染、内固定松动、脱出及断裂,术中无植骨。术后根据Rasmussen骨折复位标准评分:评分为12～19分,平均17.6分,其中优10例,良9例,可1例,优良率为90%。按照Merchant膝关节功能评分:优12例,良6例,可2例,优良率为90%。结论:LISS系统设计符合生物学固定原理,体现微创原则,结合使用拉力螺钉(松质骨、空心螺钉或皮质骨螺钉)治疗股骨远端复杂骨折,手术操作相对简单。     

LISS在股骨远端骨折中的应用

目的探讨微创内固定系统（less invasive stabilization system,LISS）治疗股骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法 24例股骨远端骨折的患者采用AO经皮LISS钢板治疗。其中6例为GustiloⅡ型开放伤1,8例闭合伤;合并多发伤3例,多发骨折6例。按AO/OTA分类,33A1型4例,33A3型5例3,3C2型9例,33C3型6例。结果本组24例,平均手术时间80（45～160）min;术中出血100～300 ml,无需输血。切口全部Ⅰ期愈合。均获随访,平均随访14（3～26）个月。骨折无延迟愈合,无畸形愈合,临床骨折愈合时间平均15（12～20）周。根据膝关节外科临床评分系统功能评分,术后优良率为95.8%。结论微创内固定系统创伤小,并发症少,骨愈合率高,是治疗股骨远端骨折的有效方法。     

LISS钢板治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨应用微创固定系统LISS钢板治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折的临床疗效。方法采用LISS钢板治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折26例。结果所有患者获得10—28个月随访，切口Ⅰ期甲类愈合，骨折全部愈合，X线复查骨折对位、对线良好，未发生感染，无内固定钢板、螺钉脱出、断裂等发生。疗效评价采用Kolmert评定标准：优A3型10例，C2型3例；良A3型2例，C2型1例，C3型5例：可C2型2例，C3型2例；差C3型1例。结论采用微刨固定系统LISS钢板治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折，是一种有效的内固定方法，具有操作简便、创伤小、疗效肯定等优点，为术后早期功能锻炼提供保证。     

股骨远端骨折两种微创治疗方法的比较研究

目的 对比分析AO微创内固定系统(LISS)和股骨髁上带锁髓内钉(GSH)内固定治疗股骨远端骨折的疗效.方法 对股骨远端骨折48例,LISS组24例,其中A型骨折11例,C型13例;GSH组24例,A型16例,C型8例.结果 经5～24个月随访,平均16个月.C型骨折采用两种内固定方法在手术时间、术中出血量、临床愈合时间、完全负重时间差异有统计学意义,A型骨折各项指标差异无统计学意义.结论 LISS和GSH均是治疗股骨远端骨折的有效方法,对于C型骨折,LISS要优于GSH,有利于骨折愈合及功能恢复.     

微创内固定系统治疗复杂性膝关节周围骨折25例分析

[目的]报告应用微创内固定系统(less invasive stabilization system,LISS)治疗下肢股骨远侧骨折与胫骨近侧骨折的疗效. [方法]采用LISS微创内固定系统治疗股骨远侧骨折与胫骨近侧骨折25例.按AO/OTA分类,33A3型3例,33C2型6例、33C3型4例,41A3型5例,41C2型4例、41C3型3例.其中8例为开放性骨折,GustiloⅠ型5例,Ⅱ型3例.术后不辅以其他外固定,1周即开始不负重关节功能锻炼. [结果]随访25例,所有病例伤口Ⅰ期愈合.骨折无延迟愈合,无畸形愈合,平均临床愈合时间15周.根据膝关节外科临床评分系统功能评分,术后优良率为95%. [结论]LISS微创内固定系统治疗骨折过程中,保护骨折周围软组织,对增加骨折愈合率、减少植骨机率、降低感染有重要作用,该方法是治疗复杂性膝关节周围骨折的有效方法.     

微创稳定系统(LISS)和解剖钢板治疗股骨远端复杂骨折的对比研究

目的 对比微创稳定系统(LISS)和解剖钢板治疗股骨远端复杂骨折的临床效果.方法 2002年7月至2007年12月,应用LISS及解剖钢板治疗股骨远端复杂骨折42例.解剖钢板组23例,男16例,女7例;年龄21～63岁,平均39.9岁;骨折按AO/OTA分型:A2型3例,A3型7例,C2型12例,C3型1例.LISS钢板组19例,男11例,女8例;年龄20～59岁,平均40.5岁;骨折按AO/OTA分型:A2型2例,A3型6例,C2型10例,C3型1例.比较两组手术时间、手术切口、出血量、是否植骨、术后并发症及愈合时间等,用改良HSS评分来评价术后膝关节功能的改善程度.结果 术后解剖钢板组随访12～18个月,平均13.7个月;USS钢板组随访12～18个月,平均13.8个月.所有患者切口均一期愈合.放射学愈合时间及术后并发症发生总数两组比较差异无统计学意义.解剖钢板组的植骨例数多于LISS钢板组.手术时间、手术切口、出血量及HSS评分比较,LISS钢板组优于解剖钢板组,但USS钢板组钢板刺激症状有增高的趋势.结论 LISS及解剖钢板治疗股骨远端复杂骨折均可取得满意效果,但LISS固定系统具备角度稳定性,骨折固定可靠,体现微创原则,是治疗股骨远端复杂骨折的新趋势.     

LISS治疗股骨远端骨折疗效及膝关节功能影响因素分析

目的评价股骨远端微创内固定技术（USS）治疗股骨远端骨折的治疗效果并分析影响膝关节功能的影响因素。方法自2009—01-2012—11应用USS—DF钢板内固定治疗股骨远端骨折81例。以临床功能和X线检查结果评价治疗效果。对可能影响膝关节功能的年龄、性别、骨折类型、创伤类型、是否为开放性损伤、是否为多发伤、手术距受伤的时间、是否早期功能锻炼、是否出现并发症作多因素Logistic回归分析。结果81例平均随访18．2（14-21）个月,78例骨折一期愈合。膝关节活动度：A型骨折平均109．1°,C型骨折平均101°。膝关节功能按HSS评分评定：A型骨折优良率91．4％,C型骨折优良率71．7％。多因素Logistic回归分析显示骨折类型、是否早期功能锻炼、是否出现并发症是影响膝关节功能的独立危险因素。结论LISS—DF钢板内固定治疗股骨远端骨折固定牢固,骨折愈合率高,是一种理想的内固定,术后患者应早期加强功能锻炼,减少并发症,提高膝关节功能恢复。     

LISS固定系统治疗股骨远端骨折

目的：探讨应用AO微创内固定系统（tass）治疗股骨远端骨折的临床效果。方法：应用LISS治疗股骨远端骨折15例,33-A2骨折2例,33-A3骨折5例,33-C2骨折5例,33-C3骨折3例;其中9例开放骨折均为Ⅱ～Ⅲ级,有4例患者为多发骨折患者,伤后4d（2～7d）应用LISS行内固定治疗。结果：所有患者随访3—19个月,骨折均连接,骨折愈合时间8～18周,未出现钢板螺钉松动移位、骨折塌陷、复位丢失等。股骨远端骨折15例,HSS评分优5例;良7例;可3例。膝关节活动范围70°-140°,所有患者膝关节行走无疼痛。结论：LISS能有效治疗各种分型的股骨远端骨折。     

经双切口微创内固定系统治疗股骨远端骨折的临床应用(附47例报告)

目的 探讨经双切口微创内固定系统(LISS)治疗股骨远端骨折的临床疗效.方法 采用经双切口LISS内固定治疗股骨远端骨折47例.结果 随访6～32个月,骨折均愈合.按HSS评分:优25例,良16例,可4例,差2例.结论 应用经双切口LISS内固定治疗股骨远端骨折,可简化手术步骤,减少创伤,取得良好的临床疗效.     

股骨逆行交锁钉治疗股骨远端骨折30例

目的 观察股骨逆行交锁钉(GSH钉)治疗股骨远端骨折的疗效。方法 1999年1月～2002年12月，采用GSH钉治疗股骨远端骨折30例。按AO／ASIF分类法，A1型11例，A2型7例，A3型3例，C1型5例，新鲜C2型2例，陈旧C2型1例，C3型1例。结果 随访6～54个月，平均18个月，30例骨折均愈合，平均愈合时间16周。根据Neer膝关节功能评定标准，优21例，良5例，优良率86．6％。结论 GSH钉适用于治疗股骨远端AO／ASIF分类的A、C型骨折。     

倒置股骨远端微创内固定系统接骨板治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

目的 探讨倒置股骨远端微创内固定系统(LISS-DF)接骨板治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的初步临床疗效。方法 2006年12月至2010年1月共对28例老年股骨转子间骨折患者采用对侧LISS-DF接骨板倒置固定治疗,男9例,女19例;年龄68 ～102岁,平均82.3岁。骨折按改良Evan分型[5]：顺转子间骨折26例,其中ⅠA型2例,ⅠB型2例,ⅡA型3例,ⅡB型13例,Ⅲ型6例;逆转子间骨折2例。受伤至手术时间为1～6d,平均3d。记录手术时间、失血量及术中、术后并发症,并对患者进行随访评估,记录骨折愈合时间和末次随访时Harris评分结果。结果 28例患者术后获12 ～34个月（平均20.4个月）随访。患者手术时间平均为40.1 min(30～60 min),失血量平均为92.4 mL(35 ～ 245m])。骨折愈合时间为4～9个月（平均6.2个月）,无再骨折发生。术后均未出现骨不连、钢板螺钉断裂及股骨头坏死等并发症。患者髋、膝关节屈伸范围基本正常,1例出现8°髋内翻畸形。末次随访时根据Harris评分评定疗效：优18例,良8例,中2例,优良率为92.9％。结论 倒置LISS-DF接骨板治疗老年股骨转子间骨折具有操作简便、创伤小、固定牢靠、并发症少及骨折愈合率高等优点,是治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的有效方法。     

Treatment of open intraarticular distal femur fractures by Ilizarov fixator; an approach to improve the outcome with mid-term results

PurposeOpen comminuted intraarticular distal femur fracture represents a formidable challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon for the inherent fracture complexity, soft tissue damage, and contamination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mid-term outcome results and safety of using the Ilizarov fixator to treat these fractures.Patients and MethodsThe study included 22 fractures treated by debridement with reduction and stabilization by Ilizarov external fixator. The mean age was 35 years. Gustilo grade of open fracture was III-A (19 cases), III-B (2 cases), and III-C (1 case). Six fractures were AO-OTA type 33C2, and 16 cases were type 33C3. Eight patients had associated injuries. Bone and functional results were evaluated by Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) criteria, and Neer knee score. The statistical analysis was done using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows.ResultsSeven cases had autogenous bone grafting. The frame crossed the knee in 8 patients. The fixator was removed after a mean of 7 months with union in all cases, and without any malalignment >5°. Deep infection occurred in two cases. Quadriceps-plasty was needed for 3 cases. After a mean of 44 months, the last follow-up results showed full knee extension and a mean flexion of 107.59°. The ASAMI functional and bone results were good to excellent in all cases. Neer knee score averaged 86.59.ConclusionsIlizarov fixator was an effective treatment modality of open comminuted distal femur fractures with high union rate, adequate alignment and satisfactory functional outcomes.     

微创内固定系统治疗同侧股骨髁部和股骨干骨折

目的探讨微创内固定系统治疗同侧股骨髁部和股骨干骨折的疗效。方法对7例同侧股骨髁部和股骨干骨折的患者,均采用微创手术内固定。结果随访8-24个月,7例切口均一期愈合,X线片复查骨折对位、对线良好。膝关节功能按M erchan评分标准：优4例,良3例。结论微创内固定系统对同侧股骨髁部和股骨干骨折是有效的治疗方法,术中不需植骨,术后并发症少。     

Treatment of ipsilateral concomitant fractures of proximal extra capsular and distal femur

Objectives

Ipsilateral concomitant fractures of proximal extracapsular and distal femur are rare injuries and pose a great challenge for orthopaedics. In this study, we reviewed and examined the approaches and outcomes of this complex injury.

Methods

From August 2002 to January 2010, seven patients (six males and one female) with a mean age of 39 years (range, 20-48 years) were involved in the study. They had suffered from ipsilateral concomitant fractures of proximal extracapsular and distal femur, with two cases of unstable intertrochanteric fractures, three cases of subtrochanteric fractures and two cases of extracapsular femoral neck fractures. The distal femoral fractures were categorised based on the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthes (AO) classification: 2, A3; 2, C1; 2, C2 and 1, C3, and the proximal femoral fractures were stabilised via nailing, whilst the distal ones via less-invasive stabilisation system-distal femur (LISS-DF) plating in all six patients. In the one with the ‘floating knee’ injury, the subtrochanteric fracture was stabilised by reversed LISS-DF, and the distal one, by retrograde nailing. The healing of each femoral fracture was evaluated radiologically and clinically with follow-up. The functional outcomes were assessed through the Friedman and Wyman system.

Results

The mean follow-up interval was 2 years (range, 1.5-3 years). Six femoral fractures healed uneventfully, whilst the one with the ‘floating knee’ injury developed a delayed union postoperatively due to metal failure in 6 months, and, eventually, a malunion with coxa vara deformity 1.5 years later. The clinical functions at the final follow-up were found to be good in five cases, and fair and poor in one case each.

Conclusion

The nailing of a proximal femoral fracture and an LISS-DF fixation of a distal one could be a reliable and effective approach to handle ipsilateral concomitant fractures of a proximal extracapsular and distal femur.     

Treatment of Gustilo grade III B supracondylar fractures of the femur with Ilizarov external fixation

Twenty patients who had been treated with Ilizarov external fixation for a Gustilo grade IIIB supracondylar fracture of the femur were functionally assessed 12 to 52 months after treatment. Fourteen fractures were type C3 and 6 were type C2 according to the AO classification. Fractures were united at an average of 39 +/- 9 weeks. There was a final knee extension deficit of 5 degrees to 10 degrees (12.2 degrees +/- 3.5 degrees) and flexion reached 110 degrees +/- 10 degrees in type C2 and 73 degrees +/- 36 degrees in C3 supracondylar fractures. Forty percent of the supracondylar fractures had 4cm shortening and 40% had 1.5 cm. Pin-track infection occurred in 21%. Half of the C3 fracture cases had problems with pain on walking, needed support and had pain at rest, whereas no patients had difficulty getting out of a chair, going up and down stairs. However, all C2 type fractures had problems with all types of function.     

锁定钢板治疗股骨远端骨折的若干问题探讨附八例病例回顾

目的 探讨锁定钢板治疗股骨远端骨折存在的问题。方法 从2007年3月至2010年6月收治的股骨远端新鲜骨折或骨不连患者数据库中选取8例典型患者进行回顾性分析,其中 6例为新鲜骨折,2例为骨不连伴内置物失效。男7例,女1例;年龄37 ～63岁,平均48.5岁。原始骨折按AO分型：32-A1型2例,33-A1型1例,33-A3型1例,33-C2型4例;均为闭合性骨折。6例新鲜骨折患者中,5例采用闭合复位+微创内固定系统(LISS)经皮插入治疗,1例采用开放复位围关节解剖锁定钢板固定;2例骨不连伴内置物失效的患者采用原外侧手术入路切开,取出失效的螺钉和钢板,更换为LISS固定。结果 8例患者术后获平均22.1个月（12 ～ 30个月）随访。锁定钢板固定术后并发症：肥大型骨不连2例,萎缩型骨不连1例,骨折延迟愈合1例,股骨外翻畸形、骨不连1例,深部感染1例。受伤至骨折愈合时间平均为22个月（4 ～ 49个月）。末次随访时膝关节主动活动度为40°～125°,平均81.3°。结论 使用锁定钢板治疗股骨远端骨折时,应充分理解骨折部立和类型,严格掌握锁定钢板固定的原则和指征,否则易出现骨折延迟愈合和骨不连等并发症。     

Taylor spatial frame in the treatment of open tibial shaft fractures

Background:

The Taylor spatial frame (TSF) is a modern multiplanar external fixator that combines the ease of application and computer accuracy in the reduction of fractures. A retrospective review of our prospective TSF database for the use of this device for treating open tibial fractures in pediatric, adolescent, and adult patients was carried out to determine the effectiveness and complications of TSF in the treatment of these fractures.

Materials and Methods:

Nineteen male patients with open tibial fractures were included. Of these fractures, 10 were Gustilo Type II, five were Gustilo Type IIIA (two had delayed primary closure and three had split thickness skin grafting), and four were Gustilo Type IIIB (all had rotational flaps). Twelve of our patients presented immediately to the emergency room, and the remaining seven cases presented at a mean of 3 months (range, 2.2-4.5 months) after the initial injury. The fractures were located in proximal third (n=1), proximal/middle junction (n=2), middle third (n=3), middle/distal junction (n=8), distal third (n=3), and segmental fractures (n=2). Patients were of an average age of 26 years (range, 6-45years). Mean duration of follow-up was 3.5 years.

Results:

All fractures healed over a mean of 25 weeks (range, 9-46 weeks). All were able to participate in the activities of daily living without any difficulty and most were involved in sports during the last follow-up. Postoperative complications included pin tract infection in 12 patients.

Conclusion:

The TSF is an effective definitive method of open tibial fracture care with the advantage of early mobilization, ease of soft tissue management through gradual fracture reduction, and the ability to postoperatively manipulate the fracture into excellent alignment.     

闭合手法复位经皮钢板固定治疗股骨髁上骨折的临床观察

目的：研究闭合手法复位经皮钢板内固定治疗股骨髁上骨折的手法手术联合技术和临床疗效。方法：自2004年1月至2009年12月,纳入观察范围的病例为39例,男24例,女15例;年龄19～81岁,平均47岁。其中根据AO分型：A1型14例,A2型16例,A3型9例。术中主要选用股骨远段解剖板26例,解剖锁定板13例。采用正骨手法和MIPPO技术对上述病例治疗,并行随访和功能评价。结果：随访时间12～24个月,所有患者达到骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为4个月（3～10个月）。按Kolmert等股骨远端骨折功能评估系统评价：优28例,良10例,中1例。结论：在正确掌握手术技术的前提下,充分运用闭合正骨手法复位的技巧,熟悉解剖钢板的几何形态,能在微创下完成钢板治疗股骨髁上骨折的复位固定,并能够取得满意的临床疗效。     

综合防治法预防老年人股骨近端骨折下肢深静脉血栓形成的比较研究

目的 探讨对老年人股骨近端骨折围手术期下肢深静脉血栓（deep venous thrombosis，DVT）形成的预防策略。方法对2003年7月-2006年5月收治的65岁以上符合筛选条件的157例股骨近端骨折患者进行对照研究。综合防治组82例，男34例，女48例；年龄65～97岁。股骨颈骨折30例，股骨粗隆间骨折52例。对照组75例，男33例，女42例；年龄65～94岁。股骨颈骨折28例，股骨粗隆间骨折47例。两组二维彩色超声多普勒（color doppler flow imaging，CDFI）检查，均无DVT形成。患者均牵引后行相应手术治疗，对照组不进行抗凝处理；综合防治组给予口服阿司匹林、纤溶酶静脉滴注、踝关节“环转”运动、CPM机等组成的综合防治。术后7、14d行下肢CDFI检查进行比较。结果综合防治组术后7、14d下肢CDFI检查示各有2例DvT形成，中央型3例，周围型1例，DVT发生率为4．9％；1例术后3d出现黑便，停用阿司匹林及纤溶酶对症治疗后好转。对照组术后7、14d下肢CDFI检查示分别有21例和15例DVT形成，中央型21例，周围型6例，混合型9例，DVT发生率为48．0％；其中2例分别于术后8、11d猝死，尸检证实为急性肺栓塞。两组DVT发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 围手术期综合防治对于预防老年人股骨近端骨折围手术期DVT发生具有积极的临床意义。     

AO微创内固定系统在股骨远端及胫骨近端粉碎性骨折的应用

目的探讨应用AO微创内固定系统(lessinvasivestabilizationsystems,LISS)治疗下肢股骨远端与胫骨近端粉碎性骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2003年9月~2005年5月采用LISS治疗14例下肢骨折患者,其中男13例,女1例;车祸伤9例,坠落伤3例,摔倒跌伤2例。开放性骨折5例,闭合性骨折9例。骨折部位包括股骨髁上及髁间粉碎性骨折5例,胫骨上段粉碎性骨折9例。骨折按照AO/OTA分类:股骨骨折中,33C2型3例,33C3型2例;胫骨骨折中,41A2型2例,41A3型2例,41B2型3例,41C2型2例。分别应用股骨远端或胫骨近端LISS行内固定手术。术后对其伤口愈合、术前及术后X线片检查及关节功能恢复情况进行观察。结果患者术后切口均期愈合。均获随访1~20个月,平均11个月。12例骨折均在术后3~5个月愈合,另2例经术后2~3个月观察,效果良好。关节功能根据Johner-Wruhs关节功能评定标准:优10例,良3例,可1例;优良率为93%。11例膝关节屈伸范围达110~130°,2例为100°,1例为80°。结论LISS对股骨远端或胫骨近端粉碎性骨折是一种有效的内固定方法,具有创伤小,固定可靠,临床效果良好等优点。