小学生校园暴力现况及其影响因素分析

目的了解小学生校园暴力的发生现状,探讨校园暴力行为学校水平和个人水平的危险因素。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,以深圳市宝安区14所公办小学和6所农民工子弟小学的4～6年级小学生为研究对象,对1年来校园暴力发生状况及相关影响因素进行调查。以学生为第一水平,学校为第二水平,拟合二分类两水平logistic回归模型分析校园施暴行为发生的危险因素。结果共调查5834名小学生,平均年龄（11．49±1．17）岁,男、女生分别为3281、2553人,公立、农民工子弟学校学生分别为4234、1600人,分别占72．60％、27．40％。在近1年里校园施暴行为发生率为72．51％（4230／5834）;在施暴类型中,心理暴力发生率最高,为71．94％（4197／5834）,其次为躯体暴力为44．31％（2585／5834）;公立、农民工子弟学校学生的施暴行为发生率分别为76．10％（3220／4234）、63．10％（1010／1600）;男、女生的施暴行为发生率分别为75．59％（2480／3281）、68．55％（1750／2553）。公办性质学校（OR=2．20）、健康教育不足（OR=1．73）、男生（OR=1．27）、学习成绩一般（OR=1．29）、打网络游戏（OR=1．93）、父母当面吵架（OR=1．56）和打骂的教养方式（OR=1．60）均是施暴行为发生的危险因素。结论深圳市宝安区小学生校园暴力发生普遍,学校有关部门应针对暴力发生的危险因素采取相应的措施进行防治。     

中学校园暴力的流行病学调查及影响因素分析

目的通过流行病学调查，探讨中学校园暴力的发生情况及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法，以广州市某区中学生为调查对象，自行设计问卷对其一年来发生校园暴力的情况及相关因素进行调查，分析各类型的暴力发生率，并采用多因素logistic回归分析暴力发生的影响因素。结果调查了1064名中学生，校园暴力发生率为40．7％，其中男生发生率为49．7％，女生为29．6％，差异有统计学意义（x^2=43．75，P=0．000）；高中生暴力发生率低于初中生（x^2=25．25，P=0．000）。男生遭受总暴力、心理暴力、身体暴力和性暴力的发生率分别为39．3％、21．6％、17．0％、6．0％，女生为26．3％、14．1％、9．7％、3．2％；男生施暴他人的各暴力发生率分别为26．7％、13．3％、17．0％、3．6％，女生分别为8．6％、4．6％、5．7％、1．7％。吸烟、逃学、游荡、曾受家庭暴力、零用钱少是校园暴力的影响因素（OR=6．15、2．52、2．05、1．88、1．31）。结论广州市中学生校园暴力的发生率较高，应引起学校和社会的重视并采取有效措施。     

广州市大学生校园暴力发生情况与危险因素

目的 了解广州市大学生校园暴力发生情况,探讨施暴和受暴的危险因素。方法 以2010年广州市高校在校本科生为调查对象,采取分层整群抽样的方法抽取3所高校,对其中的2200名大学生实施校园暴力及其影响因素问卷调查,共回收有效问卷2103份。采用卡方检验分析校园暴力的性别、年级、专业分布情况。对可能影响校园暴力中施暴和受暴的因素进行非条件logistic回归分析。结果 广州市大学生校同暴力发生率为69.9％( 1471/2103),男、女生校园暴力发生率分别为75.6％ (830/1098)、63.8％ (641/1005)( x2= 34.82,P＜0.05)。校园暴力施暴和受暴发生率分别为63.6％ (1338/2103)、55.3％( 1163/2103),男生施暴和受暴发生率分别为70.9％ (778/1098)、60.0％ (659/1098),女生施暴和受暴发生率分别为55.7％( 560/1005)、50.1％ (504/1005) (x2施暴=51.93,x2受暴=20.68,P值均＜0.01)。精神暴力发生率最高,为68.0％(1430/2103),其次为性暴力,发生率为34.2％ (719/2103),躯体暴力最低,为16.5％( 348/2103)。Logistic回归分析显示,男生(OR= 1.60)、文科专业(OR= 1.82)、非独生子女（OR =1.31）、生活费不足(基本够用OR= 1.35,不够用OR= 1.54)、玩电脑游戏(OR= 1.70)、玩滑板等特技(0R=2.03)、喜欢暴力节目（一般OR=1.30,喜欢0R=1.44）、母亲有赌博行为(OR =4.29)、父亲放纵型教养方式(OR= 1.60)、高中之前有时遭他人欺负（OR =1.61）、对学校现行环境和制度不满(没什么特别感觉OR= 1.67,有部分不满OR=1.89)、小学老师对自己有不良行为（有1种时OR =1.35,有2种及以上时OR= 1.90）（P值均＜0.05）是校园暴力施暴的危险因素。男生(0R=1.23)、少数民族(OR=1.71)、非独生子女(OR= 1.39)、自身有不良行为习惯（OR= 1.32）、家庭经济困难（一般OR= 1.51,困难OR= 1.88）、母亲有赌博行为(OR =2.33)、父亲放纵型教养方式(0R=1.37)、偶尔被母亲体罚(OR= 1.35)、高中之前曾遭他人欺负（有时OR= 1.61,经常OR= 1.85）、上学期间压力大(有点大OR= 1.37,非常大OR= 1.40)、对学校现行环境和制度不满（有部分不满OR= 1.56,完全不满OR =2.04）、小学老师对自己有不良行为(有1种时OR= 1.70,有2种及以上时OR=2.04)（P值均＜0.05）是校园暴力受暴的危险因素。结论 广州市大学生校园暴力现象较严重,尤其是精神暴力和性暴力,校园暴力施暴和受暴的危险因素种类多。     

唐山市大学校园施暴行为影响因素分析

目的探讨大学校园暴力的发生情况及相关危险因素,为学校和相关教育部门采取预防和控制措施提供依据。方法整群抽取唐山市4所高校大学生2 957名为调查对象,对近1 a来校园暴力发生情况及相关因素进行匿名问卷调查,以多因素Logistic回归分析暴力发生的危险因素。结果 2 957人中最近1 a内发生校园暴力者575人,发生率为19.4%。其中心理暴力发生率为18.5%,躯体暴力发生率为4.9%,性暴力发生率为2.5%。遭受暴力者499人,发生率为16.9%;施加校园暴力者193人,发生率为6.5%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,男性、高收入家庭、家庭结构不完整、暴力经历、暴力环境、暴力观点是施暴行为(OR值分别为0.401,1.494,1.720,2.344,2.790和3.037)的危险因素。结论大学校园暴力的发生率较高,部分危险因素不容忽视。应采取干预措施预防校园暴力的发生。     

唐山市中小学校园暴力发生情况及影响因素分析

目的了解河北省唐山市中小学校园暴力流行病学特征及危险因素,为加强唐山地区校园暴力干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用自编问卷对1414名唐山市中小学生2008年4月-2009年4月暴力发生情况进行自填式问卷调查;采用SPSS11.5软件进行统计分析,应用χ2检验对施暴行为进行单因素分析,采用Logistic回归模型对中小学生施暴行为进行多元回归分析。结果在1414名被调查者中,校园暴力发生率为53.0%,其中躯体暴力发生率为36.3%,心理暴力发生率为31.5%,性暴力发生率为5.5%;50.8%的学生曾遭受过暴力,16.7%的学生有过施暴行为;男女生施暴行为分别为21.7%和11.8%;多因素Logistic回归分析发现,有过暴力经历、目睹过暴力事件、支持暴力观点、有不良行为、家庭高收入的学生及男生对他人施暴的危险性更大(OR值分别为5.131,3.425,1.967,1.646,1.376,1.499)。结论唐山市中小学校校园暴力发生率较高,校园暴力危险因素复杂,应引起学校和社会的关注并采取有效措施。     

北京市中学生校园躯体暴力行为影响因素分析

目的 了解北京市不同性别中学生校园躯体暴力行为的流行状况及其影响因素.方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取北京市初一到高三学生5718名,匿名填写问卷,有效问卷5660份.采用logistic回归方法进行影响因素分析.结果 北京市中学生校园躯体暴力的报告率为14.3%,男生高于女生(男生25.2%、女生5.1%).无论男女生,学校亲密度差是校园躯体暴力发生的危险因素(男生OR=1.060、女生OR=1.065);父亲初中及以下文化程度(OR=1.653)、重组/单亲家庭(OR=1.834)、低年级(初一OR=5.291、高二OR=1.526)、学习成绩较差(OR=1.470)是男生躯体暴力发生的危险因素.家庭经济状况较好(OR=0.546)、同伴关系较好(OR=0.618)、与父亲沟通容易(OR=0.756)是男生躯体暴力发生的保护因素.与母亲沟通容易(OR=0.358)是女生躯体暴力发生的保护因素.结论 校园躯体暴力的流行状况及影响因素与性别有关,应充分考虑性别差异,从个人、家庭、学校等多方面采取干预措施,预防校园躯体暴力行为的发生.     

大学生恋爱及恋爱暴力行为发生情况

目的 探讨大学生恋爱及恋爱暴力的发生情况,为大学生恋爱暴力行为干预提供依据.方法 以班级为单位,整群随机选取南京、长沙、湘潭和贵阳等地14所高校3380名大学生为调查对象,对大学生恋爱、恋爱暴力行为进行匿名问卷调查,分析恋爱暴力的特点.结果 3380名大学生中,42.4％有过恋爱经历,10.4％有过性经历.恋爱大学生中精神暴力发生率为65.6％,躯体暴力发生率为36.3％,性胁迫发生率为11.0％,伤害发生率为14.5％.50％以上个体同时经历2种以上形式的暴力,精神暴力、躯体暴力以同时有施暴和受虐经历者最多.女生恋爱躯体暴力施暴多于男生,男生的精神暴力受虐多于女生;男生有更多性胁迫行为,女生更多性胁迫受害,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).结论 大学生中恋爱暴力发生率较高,应当早期采取相应干预措施进行预防.     

广州市中学生校园暴力发生现状及危险因素分析

[目的]了解中学生校园暴力的发生状况,探讨遭受暴力和施暴他人的危险因素.[方法]采用整群抽样方法,以广州市某中学生为研究对象,对1年来校园暴力发生状况及相关因素进行调查.分析各类型暴力的发生率,并采用多因素logistic回归分析暴力发生的危险因素.[结果]调查1064名中学生,在近1年里校园暴力发生率为40.7%,其中遭受暴力和施暴他人发生率分别为33.5%,18.6%;在受暴类型中,心理暴力发生率最高(18.2%),其次是被人故意破坏物品(14.8%),身体暴力(13.7%)和性暴力(4.7%);在施暴类型中,身体暴力发生率最高(11.9%),其次是心理暴力(9.4%),故意破坏他人物品(4.1%)和性暴力(2.7%).吸烟、游荡、流涟娱乐场所、零用钱少和曾受家庭暴力均是遭受暴力和施暴他人的危险因素(OR值分别为7.74、2.07、2.16、1.35、1.96和4.06、2.71、4.92、1.55、1.19),此外,认为欺凌行为属正常行为也是施暴他人的危险因素(OR值为1.71).[结论]广州市中学生校园暴力发生普遍,学校有关部门应针对暴力发生的危险因素采取相应的措施进行防制.     

护理大专生实施校园暴力的危险因素分析

[目的]探讨护理大专生实施校园暴力行为的发生情况及其相关危险因素。[方法]以某校护理系大专生为调查对象,对一年来校园暴力发生情况及相关因素进行匿名问卷调查。分析实施暴力行为的发生率,并用多因素Logistic回归分析暴力发生的危险因素。[结果]该校护理大专生实施校园暴力行为的总发生率为9.9%,其中男生43.2%,女生8.3%,男生发生率高于女生(χ2=44.357,P=0.000);Logistic回归分析显示遭受暴力后的处理方式(报警、告诉同学、闷在心里)和受暴后以暴制暴的心理反应是实施校园暴力的危险因素(OR分别为9.248、4.417、3.051、4.082),性别(女)是保护因素(OR=0.284)。[结论]该校护理大专生实施校园暴力行为发生率较高,应针对暴力发生的危险因素采取相应的措施进行防制。     

唐山市某职业高中校园暴力的流行病学调查与分析

目的探讨职业高中校园暴力的发生情况及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法对唐山市某职业学校学生进行问卷调查,分析各种类型暴力的发生率,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析暴力发生的危险因素。结果唐山市某职业学校校园暴力发生率为59.0%,其中男生为75.9%,女生为50.5%,暴力形式以心理暴力发生率最高,为50.7%,其次是躯体暴力,为34.8%,性暴力发生率最低,为7.2%;多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,性别、年级、户口、逃学、看暴力电影、父母经常打骂、玩暴力游戏均是发生校园暴力的可能影响因素。结论该校校园暴力的发生率很高,一些危险因素也不容忽视,应积极采取措施预防校园暴力的发生。     

Associations between interpersonal violence victimisation and concussions among US college students

Interpersonal violence is common on college campuses and is associated with many adverse health outcomes; however, it remains unknown whether experiencing interpersonal violence victimisation is associated with concussions. The aim of this study was to estimate the associations between interpersonal violence, including emotional abuse, physical abuse and sexual assault, and concussions among a large, diverse sample of college students. We analysed cross-sectional data from the 2018–2019 national (US) Healthy Minds Study (N = 1,478). Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the association between interpersonal violence victimisation (any violence victimisation, emotional abuse, physical abuse and sexual assault) and concussion history (any concussion, diagnosed concussion and undiagnosed concussion), while adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were conducted among the overall sample and separately by male and female participants. Results showed patterns of significant associations between interpersonal violence victimisation and concussions among the overall sample and among male and female participants. Among the overall sample, any interpersonal violence victimisation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.88), emotional abuse (AOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.06–1.76), physical abuse (AOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.07–2.44) and sexual assault (AOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.44–3.26) were associated with higher odds of any concussion history. Sexual assault victimisation had the strongest association with any concussion history among male (AOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.04–3.71) and female (AOR 2.96, 95% CI 1.62–5.43) participants. These results expand on prior interpersonal violence and concussion research by showing an association with multiple victimisation measures among a large and diverse sample of college students. Medical professionals should screen for concussions among college students who experience emotional abuse, physical abuse and sexual assault to provide appropriate guidance. Information on the symptoms of concussions should be incorporated into campus violence awareness and prevention efforts.     

Sexual violence among host and refugee population in Djohong District, Eastern Cameroon

Abstract The following is a population-based survey of the Central African Republic (CAR) female refugee population displaced to rural Djohong District of Eastern Cameroon and associated female Cameroonian host population to characterise the prevalence and circumstances of sexual violence. A population-based, multistage, random cluster survey of 600 female heads of household was conducted during March 2010. Women heads of household were asked about demographics, household economy and assets, level of education and sexual violence experienced by the respondent only. The respondents were asked to describe the circumstances of their recent assault. The lifetime prevalence of sexual violence among Djohong district female heads of household is 35.2% (95% CI 28.7-42.2). Among heads of household who reported a lifetime incident of sexual violence, 64.0% (95% CI 54.3-72.5) suffered sexual violence perpetrated by their husband or partner. Among the host population, 3.9% (95% CI 1.4-10.5) reported sexual violence by armed groups compared to 39.0% (95% CI 25.6-54.2) of female refugee heads of household. Women who knew how to add and subtract were less likely to report sexual violence during their lifetime (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.08-0.34). Sexual violence is common among refugees and host population in Eastern Cameroon. Most often, perpetrators are partners/husbands or armed groups.     

2575名在校大学生亲密伴侣暴力现况研究

目的 了解大学生恋爱中的性行为和亲密伴侣暴力行为情况,探讨亲密伴侣暴力与大学生其他部分心理行为的关系.方法 采取整群抽样的方法,对合肥和芜湖市3所高校2575名在校大学生进行问卷调查,内容包括恋爱情况、遭受亲密伴侣暴力情况、抑郁症状、自尊、学校生活满意度和自杀相关心理行为.x2检验和方差分析探讨不同恋爱经历大学生心理行为状况的差异.结果 2575名大学生中46.9%有过恋爱经历;男生高于女生,大二、三年级学生高于大一年级学生(x2值分别为44.13、161.84,P值均<0.05).目前正在恋爱的大学生中21.1%报告与现在的恋人发生过性行为,其中仅有21.8%(34/156)每次都使用安全套,11.5%(18/156)从不采用任何避孕措施,18.6%(29/156)与现在恋人(女友)发生性行为而怀孕,孕后到正规医院进行处理的比例仅占48.3%(14/29).有过恋爱经历的大学生中,遭受躯体暴力、心理暴力、性暴力、总暴力的报告率分别为18.0%、33.6%、5.1%、37.1%;男生遭受躯体暴力、心理暴力、总暴力的比例均高于女生,女生遭受性暴力的比例高于男生(x2值分别为70.21、13.25、14.04、5.77,P值均<0.05).在遭受过亲密伴侣暴力的大学生中,有74.2%(345/446)经历过3次以上亲密伴侣暴力.经历过亲密伴侣暴力的大学生抑郁症状得分最高,自尊和学校生活满意度得分最低(F值分别为4.00、16.39和8.76,P值均<0.05),自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀准备、自杀未遂的报告率均最高(x2值分别为13.80、9.72、8.52、11.96,P值均<0.05).结论 大学生恋人间性行为发生率较高,且保护意识缺乏;大学生亲密伴侣暴力现象较常见,且与其他不良心理行为关系密切.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prevalence of love affairs and intimate partner violence,and to explore the relationship between intimate partner violence and other mental health and risk behavior in college students.Methods Three universities were selected using cluster sampling method in Hefei and Wuhu.Totally.2575 college students completed an anonymous questionnaire.Intimate partner violence,depression,satisfaction of school life,self-esteem,suicidal psychology and behavior were evaluated to estimate the relationship between intimate partner violence and mental health/risk behavior.Results There were 46.9%students reported that they had intimate partner currently or in the past.The rate of having intimate partner in male students was higher than that in female students(x2=44.13,P<0.001).And the rates were higher in sophomores and juniors than in freshmen(x2=161.84,P<0.05).There were 21.1% students had sexual behavior with their intimate partners.But only 21.8%(34/156)intimate partners reported that they used condom every time.There were 11.5%(18/156)intimate partners reported that they never took any contraception.There were 18.6%(29/156)students reported that they were pregnant or led to their girlfriend becoming pregnant,but only less than 50.0% adolescents induced abortion in a legal hospitals.The rates of being the victim of physical assault,emotional abuse,sexual coercion,the total intimate partner violence were 18.0%,33.6%,5.1%.37.1%.The rates of being the victim of physical assault,emotional abuse,total intimate partner violence in male adolescents were higher than those in female adolescents,but the rate of sexual coercion was on the contrary(x2=70.21,13.25,14.04,5.77,P<0.05).Among the intimate partners who had suffered from intimate partner,74.2%(345/446)students had underwent more than 3 times.and 47.1% had underwent more than 2 types of intimate partner violence.The score of depression was highest in the victims of intimate partner violence,but the scores of self-esteem and school life satisfaction were on the contrary(F=4.00,16.39,8.76,P<0.05).The rates of suicidal ideation,suicidal plan,suicidal preparative and attempted suicide were highest in the victims of intimate partner violence(x2=13.80,9.72,8.52,11.96,P<0.05).Conclusion The rate of having sexual behavior with their intimate partners was high in college students,but their self-protection awareness was insufficient.In the present study,a high prevalence of intimate partner violence among university students was observed,and highlighted a need for attention to the other mental health and risk behavior in adolescents with intimate partner violence.     

A study of institutional medical care of female victims of sexual assault and violence

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to clarify the present situation of medical care for victims of sexual assault and violence. Medical facilities in two wards in Tokyo were studied in order to know what problems regarding medical care exist and how to support female victims. METHODS: In April 1998, we distributed questionnaires to 338 medical facilities covering all the clinics and hospitals, that had more than only otorhinolaryngology and ophthalmology, in Kouto-ku and Sumida-ku, Tokyo. The questionnaire included questions about individual experience of consulting with sexual assault and violence against women, the number of victims in the last year, and their understandings for victims. RESULT: 1) 76 of the respondents completed the answer sheet by themselves. The mean age of the subjects was 57.4 years old, 16.3% of them had seen sexual assault victims, and about 36.8% had cared for victims of violence. 2) 67 victims of sexual assault and violence were reported in the previous year. 36% of victims of sexual assault were reported by facilities related to obstetrics, and 85% of victims of violence were reported by general medical facilities. 3) As for understandings for victims, those who thought the victims were responsible for the sexual assault also regarded violence as caused by carelessness of victims. CONCLUSION: Medical facilities may be an important place to care for victims of sexual assault and violence against women. There are few data available as to how many women suffer from sexual violence. This study showed for the first time the reality of sexual assault and violence from the viewpoints of medical facilities in Japan, although it had some limitations. It is necessary for more discussion about roles of medical care for female victims of sexual assault and violence.     

Sexual violence among host and refugee population in Djohong District,Eastern Cameroon

Abstract

The following is a population-based survey of the Central African Republic (CAR) female refugee population displaced to rural Djohong District of Eastern Cameroon and associated female Cameroonian host population to characterise the prevalence and circumstances of sexual violence. A population-based, multistage, random cluster survey of 600 female heads of household was conducted during March 2010. Women heads of household were asked about demographics, household economy and assets, level of education and sexual violence experienced by the respondent only. The respondents were asked to describe the circumstances of their recent assault. The lifetime prevalence of sexual violence among Djohong district female heads of household is 35.2% (95% CI 28.7–42.2). Among heads of household who reported a lifetime incident of sexual violence, 64.0% (95% CI 54.3–72.5) suffered sexual violence perpetrated by their husband or partner. Among the host population, 3.9% (95% CI 1.4–10.5) reported sexual violence by armed groups compared to 39.0% (95% CI 25.6–54.2) of female refugee heads of household. Women who knew how to add and subtract were less likely to report sexual violence during their lifetime (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.08–0.34). Sexual violence is common among refugees and host population in Eastern Cameroon. Most often, perpetrators are partners/husbands or armed groups.     

广州大学生校园性骚扰发生现况

  目的  了解广州高校大学生校园性骚扰的发生情况及流行特征,为预防校园性骚扰提供理论依据。  方法  采用自制问卷对整群抽取的1 062名广州高校学生校园性骚扰发生情况进行调查,学生均自愿、匿名参与调查。  结果  有169名学生报告曾遭遇校园性骚扰,报告率为15.91%,女生报告率(20.30%)高于男生(10.20%)(χ2=19.91,P < 0.01)。在4种校园性骚扰类型中,言语骚扰者报告率最高,为10.26%;其次是肢体骚扰(7.16%)、视觉骚扰(4.61%)和不受欢迎的性要求(1.69%)。从发生场所来看,校园性骚扰最常见发生场所为教学楼(58名)、宿舍(33名)和办公室(17名)。在169名受害者中,116名受害者(68.64%)在不同程度上受到性骚扰的影响,女性受害者(94名)比男性受害者(22名)更容易受到性骚扰的影响。  结论  校园性骚扰可能影响学生正常的学习生活并造成其他负面心理影响。应加强对学生性骚扰的教育,减少校园性骚扰的发生。