Combined Effects of A Body Shape Index and Serum C-reactive Protein on Ischemic Stroke Incidence among Mongolians in China

Objective We aimed to evaluate the combined effects of a high body shape index(ABSI) and a high serum C-reactive protein(CRP) level on the incidence of ischemic stroke in a Mongolian population in China. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among 2,589 participants from June 2002 to July 2012 in Inner Mongolia, China. The participants were categorized into 4 groups according to their level of ABSI and CRP. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) for ischemic stroke among all groups. Results The multivariate adjusted HRs(95% CI) of ischemic stroke for high ABSI and high CRP level were 1.46(0.89-2.39) and 1.63(0.95-2.79), respectively. Compared with the low ABSI/low CRP level group, the multivariate adjusted HRs(95% CI) of ischemic stroke in the low ABSI/high CRP, high ABSI/low CRP, and high ABSI/high CRP groups were 1.04(0.46-2.35), 1.06(0.58-1.95) and 2.52(1.27-5.00), respectively. The HR of ischemic stroke for the high ABSI/high CRP level group was the highest and most statistically significant. Conclusion We found that participants with simultaneously high ABSI and high CRP levels had the highest risk of ischemic stroke in the Mongolian population. Our findings suggest that the combination of high ABSI and high CRP levels may increase the risk of ischemic stroke.     

血脂、脂蛋白、载脂蛋白与脑卒中

对９０例脑梗塞和９０例脑溢血患者以及１０７例对照者的血脂、脂蛋白和载脂蛋白水平进行测定。结果发现脑梗塞病人ＴＣ,ＬＤＬＣ,Ｌｐ（ａ）水平较对照组高,而ＨＤＬＣ及ＡｐｏＡＩ较对照组低。脑溢血病人ＴＣ,ＬＤＬＣ及Ｌｐ（ａ）水平较对照组显著降低。多因素条件ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析发现吸烟、高血压、脑卒中家族史为两型脑卒中共同危险因素,Ｌｐ（ａ）为缺血型脑卒中的独立危险因素,低ＴＣ为出血型脑卒中的独立危险因素。     

Predicted 10-year Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Its Association with Sleep Duration among Adults in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,China

Objective The study aims to predict 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and explore its association with sleep duration among Chinese urban adults. Methods We analyzed part of the baseline data of a cohort that recruited adults for health screening by cluster sampling. The simplified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Framingham 10-year risk score (FRS) were used to measure sleep duration and CVD risk. Demographic characteristics, personal history of chronic diseases, lifestyle factors were collected using a questionnaire. Height, weight, total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were also measured. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to explore the association of sleep duration with the predicted CVD risk. Results We included 31, 135 participants (median age 44 years, 53.02％ males) free of CVD, cerebral stroke, and not taking lipid-lowering agents. Overall, 14.05％, and 25.55％ of participants were at medium and high predicted CVD risk, respectively. Short sleep was independently associated with increased odds of medium to high risk of predicted 10-year CVD among males (OR = 1.10; 95％ CI:1.01–1.19) and increased odds of medium to high and high risk of predicted 10-year CVD among females (OR = 1.23; 95％ CI: 1.08–1.40; OR = 1.27; 95％ CI: 1.11–1.44). In contrast, long sleep had no association with cardiovascular risk. Conclusion A substantial number of adults free of CVD were at high 10-year CVD risk. Short sleep was associated with increased odds of predicted CVD risk.     

血清胱抑素C水平与急性缺血性脑卒中后抑郁共病状态的关系

目的 探讨血清胱抑素C水平与急性缺血性脑卒中后抑郁共病状态的关系。方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,选取2019年1月—2022年6月承德医学院附属医院100例急性缺血性脑卒中患者作为研究对象,根据发病2周时的汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-17）评分分为抑郁组与非抑郁组。对比两组临床资料及实验室指标,分析血清胱抑素C水平与急性缺血性脑卒中后抑郁共病状态的关系。结果 抑郁组大动脉粥样硬化型占比低于非抑郁组,影像学病变累及占比高于非抑郁组（P <0.05）。抑郁组与非抑郁组性别、年龄、梗死部位、吸烟史、入院时HAMD评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。抑郁组血清胱抑素C、同型半胱氨酸水平高于非抑郁组（P <0.05）。抑郁组与非抑郁组甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。小动脉闭塞型组胱抑素C、同型半胱氨酸水平高于其他TOAST分型组（P <0.05）。累及组胱抑素C、同型半胱氨酸水平高于未累及组（P <0.05）。多因素一般Logistic回归分析结果显示：高胱抑素C[O^R=26.330(95...     

老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者远期缺血性脑卒中的风险评分模型： 多中心前瞻性队列研究

目的 基于临床资料分析老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）患者远期缺血性脑卒中发生的独立危险因素,构建老年OSA患者缺血性脑卒中风险评分模型并进行验证,为相关临床治疗提供参考。方法 采用多中心前瞻性队列设计。2015年1月~2017年10月,多中心连续纳入年龄≥60岁、基线无明显心脑血管病史且无重要临床指标缺失的的首次确诊为OSA的老年患者进行随访,随访结局为缺血性脑卒中的发生情况。收集所有纳入研究对象的基线人口学资料、临床特征、睡眠参数指标、实验室和超声检查结果,以3∶1的比例将其随机分为建模组856例和验证组258例。采用LASSO回归用于变量的降维和筛选,并基于Cox比例风险回归构建老年OSA相关的缺血性脑卒中风险评分预测模型。结果 共入组1141例研究对象,中位随访42（41,54）月内,58例发生缺血性脑卒中,累计发病率为5.08%,其中建模组和验证组缺血性脑卒中的累计发病率分别为5.14%和4.91%（P<0.05）。多变量逐步Cox比例风险回归的变量筛选结果显示,年龄（HR=3.44,95% CI：2.38~7.77）、空腹血糖（FPG）（HR=2.13,95% CI：1.22~3.72）、升主动脉内径（HR=2.60,95% CI：1.04~4.47）、左心房前后径（HR=1.98,95% CI：1.75~2.25）和最低氧饱和度（LSpO2）（HR=1.57,95% CI：1.20~1.93）是缺血性脑卒中发生风险的独立危险因素（P<0.05,P<0.01）;利用ROC曲线分析进行比变量转化,以这5个风险变量的回归系数比取整数构建老年OSA患者远期缺血性脑卒中风险评分模型。Bootstrap 法（自抽样次数=500）前后,建模组队列风险评分模型的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.84（95% CI：0.78~0.90）和0.85（95% CI：0.78~0.89）,验证组队列风险评分模型的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.83（95% CI：0.73~0.93）和0.82（95% CI：0.72~0.90）,提示模型预测效能较好且稳健性高。以模型最佳临床截点的对应值进行风险分层后的生存分析结果显示,高风险组OSA患者的缺血性脑卒中累积发生率高于低风险组（P=0.021）。结论 该模型有助于在老年人群中识别高风险OSA患者进行早期干预,以降低今后与OSA潜在相关的缺血性脑卒中风险。     

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and ischemic stroke in the elderly: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study

CONTEXT: Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels have been shown to be protective against cardiovascular disease. However, the association of specific lipoprotein classes and ischemic stroke has not been well defined, particularly in higher-risk minority populations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between HDL-C and ischemic stroke in an elderly, racially or ethnically diverse population. DESIGN: Population-based, incident case-control study conducted July 1993 through June 1997. SETTING: A multiethnic community in northern Manhattan, New York, NY. PARTICIPANTS: Cases (n = 539) of first ischemic stroke (67% aged >/=65 years; 55% women; 53% Hispanic, 28% black, and 19% white) were enrolled and matched by age, sex, and race or ethnicity to stroke-free community residents (controls; n = 905). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Independent association of fasting HDL-C levels, determined at enrollment, with ischemic stroke, including atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic ischemic stroke subtypes. RESULTS: After risk factor adjustment, a protective effect was observed for HDL-C levels of at least 35 mg/dL (0.91 mmol/L) (odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-0.72). A dose-response relationship was observed (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47-0.90 and OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.21-0.46) for HDL-C levels of 35 to 49 mg/dL (0.91-1.28 mmol/L) and at least 50 mg/dL (1.29 mmol/L), respectively. The protective effect of a higher HDL-C level was significant among participants aged 75 years or older (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27-0.94), was more potent for the atherosclerotic stroke subtype (OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.08-0.50), and was present in all 3 racial or ethnic groups studied. CONCLUSIONS: Increased HDL-C levels are associated with reduced risk of ischemic stroke in the elderly and among different racial or ethnic groups. These data add to the evidence relating lipids to stroke and support HDL-C as an important modifiable stroke risk factor.     

Association of polymorphisms in the CRP gene with circulating C-reactive protein levels and cardiovascular events

Context  C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammation protein that may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective  To assess whether polymorphisms in the CRP gene are associated with plasma CRP, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and CVD events. Design, Setting, and Participants  In the prospective, population-based Cardiovascular Health Study, 4 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (1919A/T, 2667G/C, 3872G/A, 5237A/G) were genotyped in 3941 white (European American) participants and 5 tag SNPs (addition of 790A/T) were genotyped in 700 black (African American) participants, aged 65 years or older, all of whom were without myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke before study entry. Median follow-up was 13 years (1989-2003). Main Outcome Measures  Baseline CIMT; occurrence of MI, stroke, and CVD mortality during follow-up. Results  In white participants, 461 incident MIs, 491 incident strokes, and 490 CVD-related deaths occurred; in black participants, 67 incident MIs, 78 incident strokes, and 75 CVD-related deaths occurred. The 1919T and 790T alleles were associated with higher CRP levels in white and black participants, respectively. The 3872A allele was associated with lower CRP levels in both populations, and the 2667C allele was associated with lower CRP levels in white participants only. There was no association between CIMT and any CRP gene polymorphism in either population. In white participants, the 1919T allele was associated with increased risk of stroke for TT vs AA (hazard ratio [HR], 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.87) and for CVD mortality (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.10-1.90). In black participants, homozygosity for the 790T allele was associated with a 4-fold increased risk of MI compared with homozygosity for the 790A allele (95% CI, 1.58-10.53). The minor alleles of the 2 SNPs associated with lower plasma CRP concentration in white participants (2667C and 3872A) were associated with decreased risk of CVD mortality. Conclusions  Genetic variation in the CRP gene is associated with plasma CRP levels and CVD risk in older adults.      

总胆固醇纵向轨迹对新发脑卒中影响的前瞻性队列研究

背景　基线总胆固醇（TC）是新发脑卒中的影响因素,但目前国内外尚缺乏关于TC纵向轨迹对新发脑卒中影响的前瞻性队列研究。目的　探究TC纵向轨迹对新发脑卒中的影响。方法　采用前瞻性队列研究方法,基于开滦研究队列,选取2006年度TC资料完整且既往无脑卒中病史的基线观察人群（n=95 943）,根据TC水平分为理想水平组（TC≤5.2 mmol/L,n=59 065）、边缘升高组（5.2 mmol/L6.2 mmol/L,n=10 548）,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析单次TC测量值对新发脑卒中的影响。选取其中2008、2010年度TC资料完整且2010年度前无脑卒中病史者（n=51 394）作为重复测量观察人群,随访（6.77±1.00）年,每年收集1次新发脑卒中事件发生情况,依据TC纵向轨迹分为低-稳定组22 116例（43.03%）、中-稳定组24 441例（47.56%）、高-稳定组4 837例（9.41%）,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析TC纵向轨迹对新发脑卒中的影响。结果　在基线观察人群中,Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,校正了性别等影响因素后,与理想水平组相比,高胆固醇血症组发生脑卒中、缺血性脑卒中、出血性脑卒中的HR（95%CI）分别为1.13（1.03,1.23）、1.21（1.11,1.33）、0.80（0.65,0.99）。随访期间,脑卒中、缺血性脑卒中累积发病率均随TC纵向轨迹的增高而增高（P<0.05）。Cox回归分析结果显示,校正性别等影响因素后,与低-稳定组相比,中-稳定组、高-稳定组发生脑卒中的HR（95%CI）分别为1.21（1.08,1.35）、1.32（1.11,1.57）,发生缺血性脑卒中的HR（95%CI）分别为1.25（1.09,1.43）、1.34（1.05,1.72）,发生出血性脑卒中的HR值均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。增加校正2010年度TC水平后,与低-稳定组相比,中-稳定组、高-稳定组发生脑卒中的HR（95%CI）分别为1.21（1.07,1.37）、1.33（1.05,1.67）,发生缺血性脑卒中的HR（95%CI）分别为1.28（1.13,1.44）、1.44（1.20,1.72）,发生出血性脑卒中的HR值均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。2010年度TC水平对脑卒中、缺血性脑卒中发病的影响均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　单次TC测量值升高是新发脑卒中、缺血性脑卒中的危险因素,是新发出血性脑卒中的保护因素;TC纵向轨迹水平升高是新发脑卒中、缺血性脑卒中的危险因素,与新发出血性脑卒中的风险无统计学关联。     

代谢综合征及相关因子对缺血性脑卒中再发的影响研究

目的 探讨代谢综合征及相关因子和缺血性脑卒中再发的关系.方法 选取2013年5月至2014年5月在该院门诊和住院的新发缺血性脑卒中患者90例,其中4例患者出现脑出血被排除,总共有86例患者纳入研究.对86例患者进行基本资料的调查,出院1年后进行电话回访和门诊随访,对再发脑卒中的患者进行调查和统计.结果 经过1年的随访调查,86例缺血性脑卒中患者共再发24例(27.9％),再发患者中有2例(8.3％)因大面积脑梗死出现死亡.单因素分析可见吸烟、血糖升高、高血压、低密度胆固醇升高、高尿酸、高同型半胱氨酸、颈动脉粥样硬化狭窄与缺血性脑卒中再发相关(P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析结果可见上述7种因素均为缺血性脑卒中再发的危险因素.结论 控制首次卒中后的危险因素作为一种长期策略对缺血性脑卒中的二级预防具有重要临床意义.     

MHR、NLR与急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后的关系

目的 探究单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值（MHR）、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）与急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后的关系。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年12月蚌埠第一人民医院收治的110例急性缺血性脑卒中患者的病历资料。收集患者的基线资料,根据患者90 d时电话随访结果分为预后良好组和预后不佳组。采用多因素逐步Logistic回归模型分析影响患者预后的高危因素;绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估MHR、NLR对急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后的预测效能。结果 110例急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后良好76例（69.09%）,预后不佳34例（30.91%）。预后不佳组患者的白细胞计数、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、中性粒细胞计数、单核细胞计数、MHR、NLR高于预后良好组（P<0.05）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、淋巴细胞计数低于预后良好组（P<0.05）。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示,白细胞计数[■=4.125(95%CI:1.409,12.068）]、NIHSS评分[■=4.860(95%CI:1.662,14.218）]、高密度脂...     

血脂,脂蛋白,载脂蛋白与脑卒中

对９０例脑梗塞和９０例脑溢血患者以及１０７例对照者的血脂,脂蛋白和载脂蛋白水平进行测定。结果发现脑梗塞病人ＴＣ,ＬＤＬ－Ｃ,Ｌｐ（ａ）水平较对照组高,而ＨＤＬ－Ｃ及ＡｐｏＡＩ较对照组低。脑溢血病人ＴＣ,ＬＤＬ－Ｃ及Ｌｐ（ａ）水平较对照组显著降低。     

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of dementia with stroke.

CONTEXT: Next to Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia in the elderly, yet few specific risk factors have been identified. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of plasma lipids and lipoproteins to dementia with stroke. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective longitudinal community-based study over a 7-year period (1991-1998). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1111 nondemented participants (mean [SD] age, 75.0 [5.9] years) were followed up for an average of 2.1 years (range, 1-7.8 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incident dementia with stroke according to standardized criteria, by baseline levels of total plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, LDL levels corrected for lipoprotein(a), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and apolipoprotein E genotype. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-six (25.7%) of the 1111 subjects developed dementia during follow-up; 61 (21.3%) were classified as having dementia with stroke and 225 (78.7%) as having probable Alzheimer disease. Levels of LDL cholesterol were significantly associated with an increased risk of dementia with stroke. Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of LDL cholesterol was associated with an approximately 3-fold increase in risk of dementia with stroke, adjusting for vascular risk factors and demographic variables (relative risk [RR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-6.1). Levels of LDL corrected for lipoprotein(a) were an even stronger predictor of dementia with stroke in the adjusted multivariate analysis. Compared with the lowest quartile, the RR of dementia with stroke for the highest quartile of lipoprotein(a)-corrected LDL cholesterol was 4.1 (95% CI, 1.8-9.6) after adjusting for vascular factors and demographic variables. Lipid or lipoprotein levels were not associated with the development of Alzheimer disease in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of LDL cholesterol were associated with the risk of dementia with stroke in elderly patients. Further study is needed to determine whether treatment of elevated LDL cholesterol levels will reduce the risk of dementia with stroke.     

无创性肢体远隔缺血后处理对脑卒中患者血清指标影响的临床研究

目的 探讨远隔缺血后适应（RIPostC）对缺血性脑卒中（CVA）患者血清指标的影响,并探讨其 临床意义。方法 选择就诊于该院的缺血性CVA 患者200 例,将其随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各100 例。 实验组采用远隔缺血后适应疗法12 个月,对照组不进行特殊处理。实验前后分别采集两组静脉血,对其血清 同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、血脂水平[ 高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和总胆固醇（TC）]、血小板聚集率（PAR）及缺 血修饰白蛋白（IMA）水平进行检测。结果 治疗前两组血清生化指标水平比较无差异（P >0.05）,均表现为 血清Hcy、TC、PAR 及IMA 水平较正常值升高,HDL 较正常值下降。治疗后两组血清Hcy、TC、PAR 及 IMA 水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,且较治疗前下降,HDL 较治疗前升高,治疗前后比较,差异有 统计学意义（P <0.05）,且实验组较对照组改善程度,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 远隔缺血后适应 疗法能有效降低缺血性CVA 患者病情的危险程度,对其预后有较好的促进作用。     

Association between cumulative blood pressure and long-term risk of cardiovascular disease: findings from the 26-year Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study-Beijing Project

Background:Cumulative blood pressure (BP), a measure incorporating the level and duration of BP exposure, is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the level at which cumulative BP could significantly increase the risk remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of 15-year cumulative BP levels with the long-term risk of CVD, and to examine whether the association is independent of BP levels at one examination.Methods:Data from a 26-year follow-up of the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study-Beijing Project were analyzed. Cumulative BP levels between 1992 and 2007 were calculated among 2429 participants free of CVD in 2007. Cardiovascular events (including coronary heart disease and stroke) occurring from 2007 to 2018 were registered. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD incidence associated with quartiles of cumulative systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were calculated.Results:Of the 2429 participants, 42.9% (1042) were men, and the mean age in 2007 was 62.1 ± 7.9 years. Totally, 207 CVD events occurred during the follow-up from 2007 to 2018. Participants with higher levels of cumulative SBP or DBP exhibited a higher incidence rate of CVD (P < 0.001). Compared with the lowest quartile of cumulative SBP, the HR for CVD was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59–1.81), 1.69 (95% CI: 0.99–2.87), and 2.20 (95% CI: 1.21–3.98) for the second to the fourth quartile of cumulative SBP, and 1.46 (95% CI: 0.86–2.48), 1.99 (95% CI: 1.18–3.35), and 2.08 (95% CI: 1.17–3.71) for the second to the fourth quartile of cumulative DBP, respectively. In further cross-combined group analyses with BP measurements in 2007, 15-year cumulative BP levels higher than the median, that is, 1970.8/1239.9 mmHg·year for cumulative SBP/DBP, which were equivalent to maintaining SBP/DBP levels of 131/83 mmHg or above on average in 15 years, were associated with higher risk of CVD in subsequent years independent of BP measurements at one-time point.Conclusion:Cumulative exposure to moderate elevation of BP is independently associated with increased future cardiovascular risk.     

小而密低密度脂蛋白与脑卒中及其危险因素的关系

目的　探讨血浆小而密低密度脂蛋白 (sLDL)与脑卒中及其他危险因素的关系。方法采用 2 %～ 16 %的非变性梯度胶电泳检测经头颅CT和核磁共振检查证实的 2 0 4例脑卒中患者 (其中缺血性脑梗死 10 3例 ,腔隙性脑梗死 5 1例 ,脑出血 5 0例 )的血浆sLDL水平。对照 341例 ,性别、年龄匹配并经严格检查排除了脑卒中。观察各组间sLDL的变化及与预后的关系 ,对sLDL的影响因素采用多元逐步回归进行分析。结果　缺血性脑梗死组和腔隙性脑梗死组的血浆sLDL水平为 5 4 %±8%和 5 2 %± 7%明显高于对照组 (4 7%± 11% ,P <0 0 1～P <0 0 0 1) ;脑出血组的血浆sLDL水平(5 0 %± 9% )与对照组比较差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。多元逐步回归分析显示 ,危险因素中的甘油三酯、年龄、收缩压、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白影响血浆sLDL水平 ,(P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1)。Logistic回归分析结果显示 ,sLDL >5 0 %者发生缺血性脑梗死的危险性增加 (OR值 =3 1,95 %可信区间1 6 4 9～ 5 6 91,P <0 0 0 1) ;sLDL异常与腔隙性脑梗死和脑出血的关系无显著统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　sLDS水平与缺血性脑梗死的发生密切相关 ,可能是缺血性脑梗死新的危险因素。     

Relationship of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction with Risks to Cardiovascular Disease among People in Inner Mongolia of China

Objective To explore the relationship of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction with risks to cardiovascular disease （CVD）. Methods Blood pressure, body weight, body height, waist circumference and lifestyle risk factors were measured and studied among 2589 participants in Inner Mongolia of China, and biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hsCRP）, soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 （slCAM-1）, soluble E-selectin （sE-selectin）, and angiotensin II were investigated. Results Subjects with metabolic risk factors for CVD had higher levels of hsCRP, sE-selectin and slCAM-1 than those without such risk factors （all P〈O.05）. Levels of all biomarkers positively and significantly increased with aggregation of the metabolic risk factors among the subjects （all P for trend 〈0.001）. Data from the multivariate analysis showed that participants with high levels of hsCRP [odds ratio （OR}： 1.96, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.52-2.53], sE-selectin （OR： 1.35, 95% Cl： 1.05-1.72）, and angiotensin II （OR： 1.81, 95% CI＂ 1.40-2.33） were more likely to develop hypertension; participants with high levels of hsCRP （OR： 2.33, 95% CI： 1.85-2.94）, sE-selectin （OR： 1.24, 95% CI： 1.00-1.54）, and slCAM-1 （OR： 1.70, 95% CI： 1.30-2.22） were more likely to develop dyslipidemia, and those with high levels of hsCRP （OR： 2.95, 95% CI： 2.27-3.83） and slCAM-I（OR： 2.80, 95% CI： 2.06-3.80） were more likely to develop hyperglycemia. Conclusion Biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were separately associated with relevant metabolic risk factors for CVD. And appropriate measures should be taken to control inflammation and improve endothelial function among individuals with different metabolic risk factors for CVD.     

老年急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清中尿酸、总胆红素以及脂蛋白等相关因素的综合性分析

目的  探讨老年急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清中尿酸、总胆红素以及脂蛋白水平与其他因素的变化在急性缺血性脑卒中发生发展中的作用以及相关关系的综合性分析。方法  选取在2014年1月-2015年12月首次住院治疗的老年急性缺血性脑卒中患者114例（脑卒中组）。急性期24h空腹抽血测定其急性期尿酸、总胆红素、三酰甘油、血糖、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白B（ApoB）、载脂蛋白A1（ApoA1）、总胆固醇等水平,与同期健康体检者90例（对照组）进行比较。结果  急性缺血性脑卒中组体重指数（BMI）、尿酸、三酰甘油、血糖、低密度脂蛋白、ApoB/ApoA1、总胆固醇、收缩压、舒张压明显高于对照组（P <0.01）;病例组总胆红素和高密度脂蛋白低于对照组（P <0.01）;尿酸与BMI、三酰甘油、血糖、低密度脂蛋白、ApoB/ApoA1、舒张压呈显著正相关（P<0.01）,尿酸与总胆红素和收缩压呈负相关（P <0.01）;总胆红素与高密度脂蛋白呈正相关（P <0.01）,与尿酸、三酰甘油、血糖、低密度脂蛋白、ApoB/ApoA1、总胆固醇、收缩压以及舒张压呈负相关（P <0.01）;低密度脂蛋白与BMI、尿酸、血糖、ApoB/ApoA1、总胆固醇呈正相关（P <0.01）,与年龄、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白呈负相关（P <0.01）;并且以上结果差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论  急性脑卒中患者尿酸、总胆红素以及脂蛋白水平的升高都是急性缺血性脑卒中的危险因素,并且这3个独立的危险因素与其他相关因素协同作用,在老年急性缺血性脑卒中发生发展中起到了非常重要的作用。

     

Whole grain consumption and risk of ischemic stroke in women: A prospective study

CONTEXT: Although increased intake of grain products has been recommended to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), prospective data examining the relation of whole grain intake to risk of ischemic stroke are sparse, especially among women. OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that higher whole grain intake reduces the risk of ischemic stroke in women. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective cohort of 75,521 US women aged 38 to 63 years without previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, stroke, or other CVDs in 1984, who completed detailed food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) in 1984, 1986, 1990, and 1994, and were followed up for 12 years as part of the Nurses' Health Study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of ischemic stroke, confirmed by medical records, by quintile of whole grain intake according to FFQ responses. RESULTS: During 861,900 person-years of follow-up, 352 confirmed incident cases of ischemic stroke occurred. We observed an inverse association between whole grain intake and ischemic stroke risk. The age-adjusted relative risks (RRs) from the lowest to highest quintiles of whole grain intake were 1.00 (referent), 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-0.94), 0.69 (95% CI, 0.51-0.95), 0.49 (95% CI, 0.35-0.69), and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.42-0.78; P =.003 for trend). Adjustment for smoking modestly attenuated this association (RR comparing extreme quintiles, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47-0.89). This inverse association remained essentially unchanged with further adjustment for known CVD risk factors, including saturated fat and transfatty acid intake (multivariate-adjusted RR comparing extreme quintiles, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.98). The inverse relation between whole grain intake and risk of ischemic stroke was also consistently observed among subgroups of women who never smoked, did not drink alcohol, did not exercise regularly, or who did not use postmenopausal hormones. No significant association was observed between total grain intake and risk of ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, higher intake of whole grain foods was associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke among women, independent of known CVD risk factors. These prospective data support the notion that higher intake of whole grains may reduce the risk of ischemic stroke.     

Ten-year incidence of diabetes in older Australians: the Blue Mountains Eye Study

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and increased risk associated with the metabolic syndrome, in a representative population-based sample of older Australians. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 residents aged 49 + years (82.4% response rate) during 1992-1994, and re-examined 2335 (75.1% of survivors) during 1997-1999 and 1952 (75.6% of survivors) during 2002-2004; 2123 participants with normal blood glucose levels at baseline were considered at risk of developing incident diabetes. Main outcome measures: Incident diabetes (or IFG) was defined in participants at risk who were newly diagnosed by a physician during the follow-up or found to have a fasting blood glucose level >or= 7.0 mmol/L (or 5.6-6.9 mmol/L). Kaplan-Meier cumulative 10-year incidence was calculated. RESULTS: The overall 10-year incidence of diabetes and IFG was 9.3% and 15.8%, respectively. Participants with metabolic syndrome at baseline had a higher risk of incident diabetes than those without metabolic syndrome (29.2% v 8.6%). Baseline factors associated with incident diabetes were elevated fasting glucose level (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% CI, 3.4-6.1 per mmol/L), obesity (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-2.8), diabetes family history (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.5), current smoking (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0-2.7) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol level < 1.0 mmol/L (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.5-3.8). Similar baseline factors were associated with incident IFG. CONCLUSION: This population-based study provides data on the incidence of diabetes and IFG in an older, predominantly white population, and confirms that metabolic and lifestyle factors are major risk factors for diabetes.     

Novel risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis: a comparison of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), and standard cholesterol screening as predictors of peripheral arterial disease

CONTEXT: Several novel risk factors for atherosclerosis have recently been proposed, but few comparative data exist to guide clinical use of these emerging biomarkers. OBJECTIVE: To compare the predictive value of 11 lipid and nonlipid biomarkers as risk factors for development of symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Nested case-control study using plasma samples collected at baseline from a prospective cohort of 14 916 initially healthy US male physicians aged 40 to 84 years, of whom 140 subsequently developed symptomatic PAD (cases); 140 age- and smoking status-matched men who remained free of vascular disease during an average 9-year follow-up period were randomly selected as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incident PAD, as determined by baseline total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol-HDL-C ratio, triglycerides, homocysteine, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen, and apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and B-100. RESULTS: In univariate analyses, plasma levels of total cholesterol (P<.001), LDL-C (P =.001), triglycerides (P =.001), apo B-100 (P =.001), fibrinogen (P =.02), CRP (P =.006), and the total cholesterol-HDL-C ratio (P<.001) were all significantly higher at baseline among men who subsequently developed PAD compared with those who did not, while levels of HDL-C (P =.009) and apo A-I (P =.05) were lower. Nonsignificant baseline elevations of lipoprotein(a) (P =.40) and homocysteine (P =.90) were observed. In multivariable analyses, the total cholesterol-HDL-C ratio was the strongest lipid predictor of risk (relative risk [RR] for those in the highest vs lowest quartile, 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-8.6), while CRP was the strongest nonlipid predictor (RR for the highest vs lowest quartile, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3-5.9). In assessing joint effects, addition of CRP to standard lipid screening significantly improved risk prediction models based on lipid screening alone (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Of 11 atherothrombotic biomarkers assessed at baseline, the total cholesterol-HDL-C ratio and CRP were the strongest independent predictors of development of peripheral arterial disease. C-reactive protein provided additive prognostic information over standard lipid measures.