肝动脉栓塞化疗联合冷循环微波消融治疗肝癌的临床疗效观察

目的 观察和探讨肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）联合冷循环微波消融治疗肝癌的临床疗效。 方法 选取符合纳入条件的122例肝癌患者并用随机数字表法分成观察组和对照组，每组61例，对照组采用TACE方法治疗，经右侧股动脉插入导管注入20～30 mg吡柔比星+80 mg顺铂+5～15 ml碘化油，观察组则采用TACE联合冷循环微波消融治疗，在彩色多普勒超声引导下进针启动微波发射系统，2组每月均治疗1次，连续治疗3次。分别于治疗前和治疗3个月后（治疗后），检测2组患者的血清甲胎蛋白、血清总胆红素和谷丙转氨酶等肝功能水平及肿瘤直径的变化；记录2组患者治疗3次后的近期疗效及患者1年生存率，并随访对比患者的2年生存率。 结果 观察组患者治疗后的总有效率（86.89%）明显高于对照组（72.13%），且差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，观察组患者的甲胎蛋白、血清总胆红素、肿瘤直径分别为（78.47±7.63）ng/ml、（25.42±2.44）μmol/L和（2.23±0.75）cm，明显低于组内治疗前［（211.27±21.56）ng/ml、（53.65±5.39）μmol/L和（6.23±0.75）cm］和对照组治疗后［（133.59±13.15）ng/ml、(36.33±3.61)μmol/L、(3.18±0.73）cm］，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组治疗后的谷丙转氨酶 ［（53.47±5.59）U/L］显著高于组内治疗前［（26.08±2.47）U/L］和对照组治疗后［（44.63±4.27）U/L］，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者的2年生存率为68.85%，明显高于对照组（50.82%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 TACE联合冷循环微波消融治疗可明显缩小肿瘤直径，改善患者肝功能，提升疗效及提高患者生存率。     

荷载自体白血病抗原的DC-CIK细胞预防急性髓细胞性白血病自体造血干细胞移植后复发的临床研究

目的探讨荷载自体白血病抗原的树突状细胞-细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(DC-CIK)细胞对于预防急性髓细胞性白血病(AML)自体造血干细胞移植后复发的作用。方法实验组:选取初治AML CR1期、自愿接受自体造血干细胞移植联合荷载自体白血病抗原的DC-CIK细胞治疗的患者32名,采用常规预处理方案,于移植+5—+10 d将荷载自体白血病抗原的DC-CIK细胞回输患者,采用流式细胞术、ELISA等方法测定DC-CIK细胞各指标情况;对照组:选取同期未采用DC-CIK细胞治疗的AML CR1期移植患者21名;观察、比较2组患者造血恢复情况、移植相关不良反应,评估3年总生存率。结果实验组患者CIK经荷载自体白血病抗原的DC致敏后,CD3+CD8+和CD3+CD56+细胞比例分别为(80.1±3.3)%和(37.1±4.5)%,较对照组[(56.1±3.8)%和(18.1±3.1)%]均有所上调(P<0.05),分泌IFN-γ的水平为(3 985.4±223.1)pg/ml,较对照组[(1 688.5±162.1)pg/ml]明显升高(P<0.05),除一过性发热、寒颤外,无其他不良反应。造血恢复情况、移植相关不良反应2组差异无统计学意义,自体造血干细胞移植后经DC-CIK细胞输注,3年的总生存率为75.0%(24/32),较同期未使用荷载白血病抗原DC-CIK细胞的自体造血干细胞移植患者的生存率明显提高。结论荷载自体白血病抗原的DC-CIK细胞用于预防AML自体造血干细胞移植后复发是安全和有效的。     

选择性CD34+细胞和非选择性自体外周血干细胞移植治疗多发性骨髓瘤的比较研究

目的明确选择性CD34+细胞自体外周血干细胞移植(APBSCT)治疗多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的临床效果.方法对21例接受CD34+细胞APBSCT治疗的MM患者(选择组)和另外21例接受非选择性APBSCT的MM患者(对照组)的造血恢复时间、有效率、生存率、移植相关不良反应、移植费用进行比较.两组病例在年龄、初诊时血清β2微球蛋白水平和移植时疾病状态均具有可比性,诱导治疗及预处理方案基本相同.结果与对照组相比,选择组患者回输的CD34+细胞数显著偏低[对照组和选择组分别为9.4(1.1～15.0)×106/kg和2.2(0.5～14.3)×106/kg](P＜0.001),中性粒细胞恢复至≥0.5×109/L和血小板恢复至≥20×109/L儿的中位时间,在选择组分别为10d和9d,对照组分别为9.5d(P=0.357)和4.5d(P=0.005).两组的治疗有效率相似(选择组85.7%,对照组90.4%),3年无病生存率(选择组和对照组分别为32%和39%)和总生存率(选择组和对照组分别为85%和79%)两组相比差异无显著性,而且使用非选择性APBSCT可明显降低移植费用.结论选择性CD34+细胞APBSCT与非选择性APBSCT相比,并不能改善MM的临床治疗结果,而且移植费用更大.     

脐血与自体外周血干细胞移植治疗肝硬化腹水的疗效比较

目的比较脐血干细胞与自体外周血干细胞移植对治疗肝硬化腹水患者的效果。方法选择有肝硬化腹水的慢性重症肝病34例,分为脐血干细胞移植治疗组(CBSCT组)19名,自体外周血干细胞移植治疗组(APB-SCT组)15名。比较2组患者在移植前及移植后1、2、4、8周肝功能变化情况,以及临床病情,如腹水变化。结果2组在移植前及移植后1、2、4、8周的肝功能指标,谷丙转氨酶:2组分别由移植前的(35.00±15.22)与(48.00±22.76)IU逐渐降低到移植后8周的(33.53±14.09)与(40.13±31.05)IU;白蛋白:由移植前的(28.90±4.84)与(31.19±5.62)g/L逐渐升高到植后8周的(30.61±5.35)与(32.66±5.7)g/L;总胆红素:由移植前的(52.79±23.73)与(62.35±35.29)μmol/L逐渐降低到移植后8周的(47.50±21.65)与(50.75±34.85)μmol/L。2组间的数据比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CBSCT组大量腹水患者11例,治疗后腹水消失6例,明显减少5例;APBSCT大量腹水患者9名,治疗后腹水消失5例,明显减少4例。结论脐血干细胞与自体外周血干细胞移植治疗肝硬化腹水具有相类似的疗效。     

自体造血干细胞移植治疗难治性恶性淋巴瘤疗效观察

目的探讨自体外周血造血干细胞移植(APBSCT)治疗难治性恶性淋巴瘤的临床疗效。方法APBSCT治疗难治性恶性淋巴瘤46例,采用环磷酰胺 阿霉素 长春新硷 泼尼松(CHOP)方案化疗加粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)动员外周血造血干细胞。结果43例获造血重建,完全缓解(CR)26例,占56.52%,部分缓解(PR)17例,占36.95%,1例死于肝静脉闭塞,2例死于严重感染,移植相关死亡率6.52%。结论APBSCT治疗难治性恶性淋巴瘤具有较好疗效。     

雷替曲塞等化疗药物低剂量动脉灌注治疗胃癌术后并发恶性肠梗阻

目的探讨雷替曲塞等小剂量化疗药物介人性动脉灌注对胃癌术后腹腔转移致恶性肠梗阻的疗效。方法 42例胃癌术后伴不完全性肠梗阻患者,经肠系膜上动脉或加腹腔动脉、肠系膜下动脉等插管,灌注低剂量化疗药物,药物用量为雷替曲塞2 mg,奥沙利伯50~100 mg,多西他赛20~40 mg,化疗周期为每3~4周动脉灌注1次。本组病例至少灌注1次,最多7次。对照组42例给予内科姑息治疗,未给予化疗药物。结果介人化疗后肠梗阻缓解有效率为80.95%(34/42例);对照组肠梗阻缓解有效率为42.85%(18/42例),两组相比差异显著(P<0.01)。介入化疗组排气、排便及腹痛腹胀的缓解时间均短于对照组,肠道通畅总维持时间长于对照组,两组相比统计学差异均显著。介人化疗组生存时间为2~36个月,中位生存时间5个月;对照组平均生存期为(2.69±2.25)个月,中位生存时间为3个月,两组生存时间统计学差异非常显著(P<0.01)。介入治疗组对腹水治疗的总有效率为76.0(19/25),也高于对照组(P<0.01)。介入治疗组治疗后KPS评分提高,ECOG评分下降。结论小剂量化疗药物动脉灌注对胃癌术后腹腔转移致肠梗阻副作用小,能在短期内明显缓解癌性肠梗阻症状,肠道通畅维持时间长,并能有效控制伴随的腹水症状,延长生存时间,提高生活质量,尤其适用于老年及体质虚弱者。     

慢性粒细胞白血病血中干扰素的研究

对五年间住院的慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)患者进行外周血干扰素(IFN)活性的测定,其方法是使用人羊膜细胞和疱疹性口内炎病毒的血小板减少法。CML29例,检查110人次,其中慢性期21例72人次,进展期(ACC)6例16人次,急性变9例22人次。Ph~1染色体均为阳性。正常对照50例50人次。结果血中IFN正常对照组平均26.0±12.3U/ml(60.0-5.0U/ml),CML慢性期平均70.0±37.4U/ml(160.0-30.0U/ml)呈现高值,与正常对照组之间有显著差异(P<0.001),急性变组平均24.6±19.2U/ml(60.0-4.0U/ml),大致与正常对照组相同,而与慢性期之间有差异(P<0.01)。     

自体外周血造血干细胞移植的护理

目的:探讨自体外周血造血干细胞移植(APBSCT)治疗复发难治性淋巴瘤过程中护理方法。方法:我科对9例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者实施自体外周血造血干细胞移植,并进行超大剂量化疗(HDCT),为此,我们开展全环境保护、层流病房护理、超大剂量化疗护理、干细胞回输护理及移植心理护理。结果:9例患者都恢复造血,全部移植成功,均未发生严重感染,效果显著。结论:自体外周血造血干细胞移植难度和风险较大,通过针对移植的心理、预处理化疗、移植后的抗感染、出血进行护理,可提高移植的成功率,层流病房全环境保护性护理是自体造血干细胞移植成功的关键。     

重组人血小板生成素对多发性骨髓瘤患者自体外周血造血干细胞移植术后血小板重建影响的研究

目的：分析重组人血小板生成素(rh TPO)对多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者自体外周血造血干细胞移植术(APBSCT)后血小板(PLT)重建的影响。方法：回顾性分析在苏州大学附属第一医院一线行APBSCT治疗的147例MM患者的临床资料,根据APBSCT期间是否使用rh TPO分为rh TPO组80例和对照组67例,比较两组患者在PLT植入时间、血制品输注需求量、移植后+14和+100 d PLT恢复至≥50×10⁹/L和≥100×109/L的患者比例以及出血发生率等方面的差异。结果：两组患者在性别、年龄、M蛋白类型、初诊时PLT数、APBSCT前诱导治疗中位疗程数、回输的CD34⁺细胞数方面均无统计学差异(均P>0.05)。rh TPO组患者PLT植入中位时间为10(6-14)d,较对照组11(8-23)d显著缩短(P<0.001)。rh TPO组患者在APBSCT期间的中位PLT输注需求量为15(0-50)U,较对照组20(0-80)U更少(P=0.001)。移植后+14 d时rh TPO组和对照组PLT≥50×10⁹     

聚乙二醇重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子在自体造血干细胞动员中的应用

对多发性骨髓瘤患者以及部分淋巴瘤患者而言,诱导化疗续贯自体外周血干细胞移植(APBSCT)是重要的治疗方案。目前造血干细胞动员采用的是传统的化疗联合普通人重组粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)方案。聚乙二醇重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(PEG-rhG-CSF)在作用机制上与rhG-CSF作用相似,但半衰期长,作用时间较rhG-CSF持久[1]。国外已有研究将PEG-rhG-CSF用于APBSCT[4,5],而国内尚未大规模应用。本研究对我中心76例应用PEG-rhG-CSF联合化疗进行自体造血干细胞动员的病例进行回顾性分析,评估其有效性和安全性。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.