损害控制外科技术救治地震严重多发伤

目的 探讨损害控制外科技术在汶川地震灾区严重多发伤救治中的作用.方法 回顾性分析损害控制在24例四川地震灾区严重多发伤伤员救治中的经验,研究损害控制的方法、时机.结果 本组24例全部存活,5例截肢,4例重要器官衰竭者已脱离危险,3例尚需进一步行清创和植皮手术,其他伤员均已完成确定性手术并在顺利康复中.结论 地震灾区严重多发性损伤特点与平常不一样;骨科损害控制有利于提高地震灾区严重多发伤的救治,特别是前线和后方二级医院联合采用可有效地控制损害.     

损害控制技术在芦山地震严重多发伤救治中的应用

目的 探讨损害控制技术在芦山地震严重多发伤伤员院内救治中的应用. 方法 对2013年4月20日至5月2日应用损害控制技术救治的22例骨关节型地震严重多发伤伤员的临床资料进行回顾性分析,男13例,女9例;年龄20～60岁,平均43.1岁;创伤严重度评分为17 ～41分,平均25.8分;四肢开放性骨折11例,闭合性骨折10例. 结果 共完成骨折手术38台,其中确定性手术24台,临时性手术13台,截肢术l台.9例伤员已完成全部确定性手术并在顺利康复之中,13例尚需进一步手术治疗.除l例患者外所有开放性伤口均已闭合.术后1例患者出现切口深部感染,予清创、负压封闭引流技术控制感染,13例行外固定治疗患者无一例发生外固定支架钉道松动、感染,复查术后X线片示骨折无成角畸形. 结论 损害控制技术有利于提高地震所致严重多发伤伤员的救治成功率和减少死亡率,并为后期确定性治疗提供有利条件.     

地震伤骨盆骨折的损害控制处理——附一例报告

目的 探讨损害控制在地震伤骨盆骨折中的应用及效果.方法 对1例地震伤致骨盆骨折伤员应用损害控制技术治疗并进行总结回顾,伤员一期行抗休克治疗及骨折临时固定,二期采用导航下微创手术治疗.结果 经过损害控制的分期处理,稳定伤员的生命体征,骨折复位固定满意,无并发症发生.结论 创伤控制应用于地震伤骨盆骨折伤员的救治了提高了伤员的生存率,可减少并发症的发生率.     

骨盆骨折为主严重多发伤的救治

目的探讨骨科损害控制技术在以骨盆骨折为主的严重多发伤救治中的作用。方法回顾分析50例以骨盆骨折为主的严重多发伤病例的救治,研究骨科损害控制的方法和经验。结果50例患者均得到成功救治,远期随访无严重的腰背部疼痛以及肢体功能障碍发生。结论对骨盆骨折为主的严重多发伤采用骨科损害控制技术救治,能明显提高其抢救成功率、减少并发症。     

损害控制性手术在汶川地震多发伤急救中的应用

目的 探讨地震多发伤采用损害控制性手术(DCS)治疗的效果.方法 回顾性分析河北省抗震救灾医疗队赴四川德阳医院抢救治疗的123例严重多发伤伤员资料,其中施行两种及两种以上DCS者56例.结果 56例多发伤伤员经过建立大静脉通道液体复苏,以最简单、有效、省时的DCS减轻地震灾害对机体的损伤,处理出血,减少、减轻再度污染,术后无一例死亡.结论 在地震灾区实施DCS治疗严重多发伤可提高伤员的生存率,应作为处理大批多发伤的首选手术原则.     

骨科损伤控制技术在儿童多发伤骨折救治中的应用

目的探讨骨科损伤控制技术在救治以多发骨折为特征的儿童严重多发伤中的可行性和疗效。方法1996年5月～2006年6月,对27例严重多发伤儿童均应用骨科损伤控制技术(快速止血、控制污染、骨折临时外固定-ICU复苏-二期确定性修复术)救治。结果20例成功救活,经6个月～1.5年的随访,骨折全部愈合,其中12例功能完全恢复正常,5例出现轻度残疾,3例重度残疾,1例还在进一步治疗中,6例死亡。结论早期正确地判断伤情,快速有效地止血、控制污染,合理应用外固定支架进行稳定、制动减少继发性损伤,是提高儿童严重多发伤生存率的关键,损伤控制技术是一种抢救儿童严重多发伤安全、有效的方法。     

损伤控制骨科理论在严重多发伤中的应用体会

目的探讨损伤控制骨科理论(DCO)在严重多发伤中的救治效果。方法回顾性分析本院收治的19例严重多发伤患者,总结其DCO方法及临床效果。结果 19例中存活17例(89.5%),死亡2例(10.5%);死亡原因:2例均于术中或术后24 h内死于失血性休克,其中1例合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS),1例术后并发多器官不全综合征(H-MODS);随访8~34个月,存活患者均恢复良好。结论 DOC在救治严重多发伤患者时具有重要作用,能够迅速准确地评估并采取一体化治疗,可以提高患者抢救成功率、术后康复率,具有临床价值。     

汶川地震后送伤员的伤情调查分析

目的：调查分析汶川地震后送伤员的伤情。方法：对汶川地震后2周转来长海医院的34例地震伤员伤情进行调查，重点对伤员伤情、分类、救治方法进行分析。结果：受伤现场伤员急救、分类与转送，对合并软组织损伤的骨折伤员选择性应用外固定支架、积极修复软组织损伤，辅以积极的心理评估与干预，能有效地提高地震伤治愈率，减少并发症的发生。结论：总结汶川地震后送伤员的伤情特点与救治经验，为地震伤员的救治提供了初步依据和方法。     

98例重型颅脑外伤合并多发伤的院前急救分析

目的探讨如何提高重型颅脑损伤合并多发伤整体救治水平。方法对我院2003年1月至2007年12月救治的98例重型颅脑损伤合并多发伤患者进行回顾性分析。结果在本组98例重型颅脑外伤合并多发伤患者中存活71例,死亡27例（27．6％）。死亡组的病人GCS评分及ISS评分均低于存活组的病人（P〈0．05）,合并器官损伤的数量多于存活组（P〈0．05）,受伤到院前急救时间及受伤到手术时间均长于存活组（P〈O．05）。结论重型颅脑损伤合并多发伤成功救治的关键是重视事发现场与院前的急救,缩短患者受伤到急诊科救治的时间、缩短急诊确诊时间、及时通过绿色通道进行手术治疗。     

汶川地震老年伤员的治疗对策

目的：探讨汶川地震伤后送老年伤员的治疗对策。方法：回顾性分析地震后我院收治的14例老年伤员的伤情特点与救治方法。结果：经过4—8周的处理，14例老年伤员均获得有效治疗。所有伤员预后良好，无麻醉及手术并发症，均无下肢深静脉血栓形成、坠积性肺炎、肺栓塞、褥疮、脑卒中等并发症，出院时合并的内科疾患得到有效控制，心理状况良好，营养状况明显好转。结论：对老年伤员的伤情与全身状态评估，小组方式的治疗护理与康复，积极营养支持，根据伤情积极对症处理，辅以必要的心理干预，是提高老年地震伤员疗效的关键。     

Damage control orthopaedics in 53 cases of severe polytrauma who have mainly sustained orthopaedic trauma

Objective： To discuss damage control orthopaedics in 53 cases of severe polytrauma who have mainly sustained orthopaedic trauma. Methods： The data of 53 cases of severe polytrauma who had mainly sustained orthopaedic trauma were retrospectively analyzed. And the methods and timing of damage control orthopaedics were discussed in this study.
Results： We succeeded in rescuing the lives of all the 53 patients, and 38 patients returned to their former work. Conclusions： Injury Severity Score （ISS90） should be 17 in severe polytrauma patients, but in severe polytrauma patients who have mainly sustained orthopaedic trauma, the ISS90 of bone and joint injuries should be 16. We recommend that primary minimallyinvasive external fracture stabilization should be made for extremities and pelvis in these patients to avoid additional surgical trauma and that definitive secondary fracture care should be performed after medical stabilization for these patients in intensive care unit （ICU）.     

Overview of polytrauma patients in the first 10 days after the Sichuan earthquake: a report from the No. 903 Military Hospital,Jiangyou

Purpose  

The purpose of this study was to investigate the profile of traumas, the severity, and mortality of polytrauma patients in a front-line hospital after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.     

外固定支架结合损伤控制理念治疗四肢开放性骨折病例对照研究

目的 :探讨外固定支架结合损伤控制骨科理念在四肢开放性骨折患者救治中的临床应用和疗效。方法 :将2008年5月至2013年1月收治的72例四肢开放性骨折患者(均未合并休克)分为对照组和观察组(各36例)。观察组男22例,女14例,进行Ⅰ期外固定支架治疗,待患者生理状况好转后尽早实施Ⅱ期骨折确定性手术;对照组男24例,女12例,在Ⅰ期切开复位下行内固定治疗。观察比较两组入院时间,开放骨折严重度评分(open fracture severity score,OFSS),手术时间,手术出血量,术中X线暴露次数,骨痂出现时间,骨折愈合时间,术后感染率,并发症发生率及恢复疗效等。结果:所有患者获随访,时间8~12个月,平均10.4个月。观察组平均手术时间(56.79±8.87)min,手术出血量(216.16±18.21)ml,骨痂出现时间(5.32±0.71)周,骨折愈合时间(12.79±2.52)周;结果优33例,良2例,差1例;并发骨折不愈合1例,局部感染1例。对照组平均手术时间(104.53±9.28)min,手术出血量(439.93±14.65)ml,骨痂出现时间(4.97±1.26)周,骨折愈合时间(14.81±2.63)周;结果优25例,良6例,差5例;并发骨折不愈合1例,局部感染8例。观察组手术时间、骨折愈合时间短于对照组,骨痂出现时间长于对照组,手术出血量少于对照组。两组OFSS评分和X线暴露次数比较差异无统计学意义。结论:对于未合并休克的严重四肢开放性骨折患者,采用外固定支架进行损伤控制治疗,能缩短手术时间,减少出血量,降低感染率和并发症,提高手术成功率及康复率,值得在临床中推广应用。     

损伤控制理念在严重四肢骨折伴多发伤中的应用

目的:探讨损伤控制理念在严重四肢骨折伴多发伤治疗中的应用和临床效果.方法:回顾性分析2009年7月至2012年7月应用损伤控制理念指导下治疗严重四肢骨折伴多发伤患者30例(损伤控制组),男20例,女10例;年龄20~60岁,平均(34.03±12.81)岁;损伤严重程度评分(ISS)26~54分,平均(35.00±12.81)分.以2006年6月至2009年6月间采用传统手术方式(早期全面处理原则)治疗严重四肢骨折伴多发伤患者30例为对照组,男23例,女7例;年龄18~65岁,平均(34.23±11.04)岁;ISS评分26~51分,平均(35.56±11.04)分.分别对两组年龄、性别、ISS评分、Gustilo分级、手术时间、手术出血量、输血量、术后并发症及死亡率等进行对比分析.结果:损伤控制组中存活28例,死亡2例(6.7%),术后发生并发症6例(成人呼吸窘迫综合征2例,多器官功能衰竭1例,弥撒性血管内凝血1例,伤口感染2例).对照组中存活22例,死亡8例(26.7%),术后发生并发症13例(成人呼吸窘迫综合征4例,多器官功能衰竭2例,弥撒性血管内凝血2例,术后感染3例).对两组年龄、性别、ISS评分、Gustilo分级、并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组死亡率、手术时间、手术出血量、输血量比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:损伤控制理念用于治疗严重四肢骨折伴多发伤患者,有利于对患者进行迅速有效的救治,可提高生存率,减少并发症,临床疗效显着.     

Chest Injuries in Polytrauma

Abstract Background and Purpose: Blunt chest injuries are commonly seen in polytrauma patients and are known to be associated with higher mortality and morbidity. The objectives of the present study are to assess the effect of blunt chest injury concerning morbidity, mortality as well as clinical courses and outcome of multiply injured patients with chest trauma. Patients and Methods: This study includes all polytrauma patients with chest injury treated between 1992 and 2002 at a major urban trauma center. Parameters examined included injury pattern, injury severity, mortality, hemodynamics at admission, duration of ventilation, length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU), and outcome. Results: 332 out of 501 polytrauma patients, 228 males and 104 females, had a coexisting chest injury. Mean age at the time of injury was 37.7 years, and 258 patients were intubated before admission. Average period on ICU was 15.4 days, and 35.9 days for total hospital stay. Regarding the injury pattern in 143 patients a combined hemo-/pneumothorax was seen, 109 patients had either a hemothorax or a pneumothorax, in 155 patients a unilateral and in 52 patients a bilateral serial rib fracture was diagnosed, in 28 patients either sternal or singular rib fractures were determined, in a total of 23 patients an unstable thorax or a flail chest was seen, 105 patients had a unilateral pulmonary contusion, and in 79 patients a bilateral pulmonary contusion was diagnosed. Finally, a total of eleven patients with a traumatic aortic disruption were identified. Conclusion: The present study shows that chest injuries in polytrauma patients are common coexisting injuries and contribute significantly to the morbidity and outcome of these patients. Early intubation and ventilation in combination with an adequate circulatory stabilization are crucial to avoid complications and deleterious outcome.     

Rehabilitation of the multiple injured patient with spinal cord injury: A systematic review of the literature

IntroductionPatients with multiple injuries including spinal cord injury (SCI) have low survivability. Little is known for the effect of SCI in their rehabilitation process.PurposeTo define differences in characteristics and outcomes during the rehabilitation of multiple injured patients with SCI compared to other polytrauma patients.Materials and methodsElectronic libraries provided 425 relevant articles. Applying the criteria, 6 articles were eligible for inclusion in this review.ResultsThe extracted data show that multiple injured patients with SCI have an increased length of stay (LOS) in rehabilitation. Initial functional levels, as also one- and two-years follow-up are also decreased. Similar results were found comparing SCI patients with or without multiple injuries: SCI patients with multiple injuries have an increased LOS and decreased functional levels compared with SCI patients. Finally, there was nota relevance between the circumstances of the injuries, like acts of terror, and the expected rehabilitation outcome.ConclusionDue to the rarity of eligible articles and the lack of homogenous accessing tools, a meta-analysis was not possible. There is a lack of a universal evaluation strategy or tool, for the severity of the multiple injured patients aiming at the rehabilitation outcome prognosis. Multiple-injured patients with SCI have longer rehabilitation LOS and functional outcomes compared to other polytrauma patients.Prospective studies are needed for evaluation of the differences according to the severity and the complexity of the injuries and the rehabilitation outcome depending on different rehabilitation methods and strategies.     

Timing of intervention for spinal injury in patients with polytrauma

ObjectiveThe optimal timing of surgical intervention of spinal fractures in patients with polytrauma is still controversial. In the setting of trauma to multiple organ systems, an inappropriately timed definitive spine surgery can lead to increased incidence of pulmonary complications, hemodynamic instability and potentially death, while delayed surgical stabilisation has its attendant problems of prolonged recumbency including deep vein thrombosis, organ-sp ecific infection and pressure sores.MethodsA narrative review focussed at the epidemiology, demographics and principles of surgery for spinal trauma in poly-traumatised patients was performed. Pubmed search (1995–2020) based on the keywords – polytrauma OR multiple trauma AND spine fracture AND timing, present in “All the fields” of the search tab, was performed. Among 48 articles retrieved, 23 articles specific to the management of spinal fracture in polytrauma patients were reviewed.ResultsSpine trauma is noted in up to 30% of polytrauma patients. Unstable spinal fractures with or without spinal cord injury in polytrauma require surgical intervention and are treated based on the following principles - stabilizing the injured spine during resuscitation, acute management of life-and limb-threatening organ injuries, “damage control” internal stabilisation of unstable spinal injuries during the early acute phase and, definitive surgery at an appropriate window of opportunity. Early spine fracture fixation, especially in the setting of chest injury, reduces morbidity of pulmonary complications and duration of hospital stay.ConclusionRecognition and stabilisation of spinal fractures during resuscitation of polytrauma is important. Early posterior spinal fixation of unstable fractures, described as damage control spine surgery, is preferred while a delayed definitive 360° decompression is performed once the systemic milieu is optimal, if mandated for biomechanical and neurological indications.     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折合并严重多发伤的损伤控制

目的：探讨损伤控制骨科（damage control orthopaedics,DCO）技术救治胸腰椎爆裂骨折合并严重多发伤的临床疗效。方法：胸腰椎爆裂骨折合并严重多发伤患者21例,男15例,女6例;年龄20～60岁,平均40岁。脊髓神经功能按Frankel分级：A级3例,B级3例,C级9例,D级6例。立即进行液体复苏、急诊简易手术控制出血和污染。其中剖腹探查10例,胸腔闭式引流6例,肺破裂修补2例,术中同时行四肢骨折外固定架固定9例,骨牵引或石膏托外固定5例。急诊术后均进入SICU进一步纠正低体温、酸中毒及凝血功能紊乱。病情稳定后5～7d行胸腰椎骨折手术。结果：21例中18例休克迅速纠正,4～26h死亡3例,存活率约85．7％（18／21）。18例均获随访,时间6～14个月,脊髓损伤按Frankel分级：A级3例,B级2例,C级3例,D级3例,E级7例,优良率（D级,E级）55．6％（10／18）。结论：及时应用DCO技术,尽早解除脊髓压迫重建脊柱稳定性,可以显著提高脊柱脊髓型严重多发伤的救治成功率,降低伤残率。     

损伤控制技术在严重多发骨折治疗中的应用

目的 :探讨损伤控制技术在严重多发骨折治疗中的应用效果。方法 :回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年12月应用损伤控制骨科技术(DCO组)进行治疗的23例严重多发骨折患者,男14例,女9例;年龄28~60(41.57±8.29)岁;NISS评分18~40(27.70±5.44)分。2007年1月至2009年12月应用早期确定性治疗技术(ETC组)的27例严重多发骨折患者,男16例,女11例;年龄19~55(38.33±9.99)岁;NISS评分20~43(31.07±6.46)分。比较两组的总手术时间、ICU复苏时间、输血量、住院时间、死亡率及并发症情况。结果:DCO组患者存活22例,死亡1例,术后发生并发症3例(2例急性呼吸窘迫综合征,1例术后钉道感染)。ETC组患者存活25例,死亡2例,术后发生并发症10例(4例急性呼吸窘迫综合征,3例术后钉道感染,1例术后伤口感染,2例发生多器官功能衰竭)。DCO组的术中输血量、ICU恢复时间、术后并发症等指标与ETC组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组的总手术时间、住院时间及死亡情况差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于严重多发骨折的患者,应用损伤控制技术可明显降低患者术后并发症,缩小ICU恢复时间,减少术中输血量,为临床治疗此类患者提供一定的依据。