城市空巢老人心理健康状况的调查

目的 探讨城市空巢老人的心理健康状况.方法 采用自编的老年人心理健康状况测查问卷测查了1 646位老人,其中空巢老人1 250人.结果 城市空巢老人排行前五位的心理健康问题为认知问题、睡眠食欲、敏感焦虑、人际交往和适应问题.不同家庭结构类型的城市空巢老人、普通老人之间的心理健康状况差异显著,相对空巢老人的心理健康状况最好,其次是普通老人,第三为绝对空巢老人,无子女老人的心理健康状况最差.女性空巢老人的心理健康状况显著差于男性.空巢老人的心理健康状况年龄组间差异显著.随着收入的降低,空巢老人的心理健康状况降低.受教育程度越高,空巢老人心理健康状况越好.有配偶相伴的老人的心理健康状况显著好于单身老人.结论 不同家庭结构的城市空巢老人的心理健康状况存在显著差异,老人的人口统计学特征、经济状况等因素影响城市空巢老人的心理健康状况.     

空巢老人心理健康状况及影响因素

目的通过对空巢老人心理健康状况的调查并挖掘其影响因素,为制定空巢老人健康管理策略奠定基础。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,运用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对太原市6个城区的318名空巢老人进行调查。结果不同性别、城乡分布、文化程度、婚姻状况、经济来源、收入水平、医保情况、每天睡眠时间、每周体育锻炼次数、与子女关系、夫妻之间关系、生活自理情况、是否有慢性病、躯体健康状况的空巢老人的SCL-90得分有统计学差异(P<0.05)。影响空巢老人心理健康状况的主要因素为收入水平、躯体健康状况、自理情况、性别及每周锻炼次数。结论空巢老人心理健康状况欠佳,确保良好的躯体健康、具有一定的自理能力、加强锻炼及社会交往有助于提升空巢老人心理健康水平。     

徐州市区空巢老人心理健康状况及其相关因素

目的 研究徐州市区空巢老人心理健康状况及相关因素.方法　采取随机整群抽样方法　抽取徐州市4个社区为研究地区,采用自编一般调查问卷、精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行测查.结果 空巢老人躯体化因子、恐怖因子劣于常模(P<0.01);男性心理健康水平优于女性(P<0.05);与老伴关系、收入、与子女关系、躯体健康均与心理健康状况相关.结论 徐州市区空巢老人心理健康水平较低,老年女性更应得到关注,心理健康状况受多因素影响.     

湖南高校离退休空巢老人的社会支持状况及其影响因素

<正>高校离退休老年人是同龄人中具有较高思想和经济独立的群体,且子女大部分在远离父母的地方工作,故其空巢率更高,有的高校甚至达80%〔1〕。高校空巢老人心理健康状况较差,以北京市高校为例,离休干部中有25.3%的人检出抑郁症状,而社会支持是影响其心理健康的重要因素〔2〕。本研究旨在观察湖南高校离退休空巢老人的社会支持状况及其影响因素。1对象和方法1.1对象2013年6~12月从湖南省长沙市高校随机抽取     

高校离退休老人空巢状况及其孤独感的影响因素

目的了解高校离退休老人的空巢状况,分析相关因素对孤独感的影响。方法随机抽取长沙市高校离退休教师386人,其中空巢老人329人。以加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)孤独量表作为测量工具进行调查分析。结果长沙高校离退休老人的空巢率为85.2%,与子女分住意愿的比例为90.4%;高校离退休空巢老人孤独感评分与非空巢老人无统计学差异(P>0.05),而其在有/无配偶间、夫妻关系及与子女关系好/差间、与子女居住不同距离间均具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论建议老年人们尽力处理好家庭关系,保持良好的心态面对老年生活中遇到的问题,同时家人和社会提供尽可能多的支持,减少其不必要的心理压力带来的孤独体检。     

天津市空巢与非空巢老人心理健康状况比较

目的 研究城市空巢与非空巢老人的心理健康状况,并分析其影响因素.方法 调查对象为天津市红桥区芥园街道5个社区中≥60岁老人,非空巢组63人,夫妻同住组71人,独居组8人.采用自制量表<城市老年人心理健康调查问卷>,进行调查.结果 夫妻同住的老人多集中在60～69岁之间,独居老人多集中在70～79岁之间,非空巢的老人在各年龄段分布较均匀.多数老人的经济状况和身体状况较优.独居老人较之其他两组老人显著的希望子女能更多地看望自己.老年人的心理健康状况与年龄、性格、文化程度、经济压力、与子女关系有显著的相关.结论 三组老人的心理健康状况均处于中上等.夫妻同住老人的心理状况最好,非空巢老人次之,独居老人较差.     

城市空巢老人的压力应对方式和心理健康状况

目的探讨城市空巢老人的压力应对方式和心理健康状况。方法采用自编的老年人压力应对方式问卷和老年人心理健康状况测查问卷进行测查。结果城市空巢老人在面临困扰和遇到挫折时采用的压力应对方式主要有：解决问题、转移注意、合理化、退避、压抑、幻想和自责。其中，相对空巢老人的应对方式最积极，绝对空巢老人其次，无子女老人的廊对方式最消极。男性比女性更多地使用解决问题的应对方式，差异显著。随着经济收入的增加，受教育程度的提高，应对方式更趋积极。相关分析表明，城市空巢老人在承受压力时，解决问题、转移注意和求助应对方式使用越多，压抑、自责、幻想、退避和合理化应对方式使用越少，心理越健康。．结论家庭结构类型、老人的人口统计学特征、经济状况等因素影响城市空巢老人的压力应对方式，应对方式与城市空巢老人的心理健康状况有关。     

徐州市农村空巢老人心理健康状况及其相关因素

目的研究徐州市农村空巢老人的心理健康状况及其相关因素。方法整群随机抽取徐州市253位农村空巢老人进行问卷调查。结果徐州市农村空巢老人人际关系敏感因子、偏执因子均优于常模,而其余因子劣于常模,阳性项目数也多于常模;强迫症状因子、抑郁因子、精神病性因子农村均劣于城市;男性的阳性项目数、总均分均低于女性;农村空巢老人的心理健康水平受居住面积情况、经济状况、睡眠质量、与子女关系、子女探望频率等因素的影响。结论徐州农村空巢老人心理健康水平低于中国平均水平,因此农村空巢老人的心理健康问题不容忽视,尤其是空巢老年女性。     

云南省高校离退休人群心理健康状况及影响因素

目的对云南省高校离退休人群心理健康状况进行调查,提出提高离退休人员心理健康水平的对策。方法对云南省15所高校的926名离退休人员进行问卷调查,采用因子分析法、综合评分法对影响心理健康的因素进行定量分析。结果云南省高校离退休人员心理健康状况总得分3.25,心理健康水平总体偏低,对心理健康的影响程度大小依次为:人际关系、个性、认知、意志、情感。结论高校要开展丰富多彩的文体活动,丰富老年人的精神文化生活,加大对高龄、病残和空巢老人的照顾,为其搭建老有所为的平台,提高离退休人员的心理健康水平。     

城市空巢老人的心理压力的调查

目的探讨城市空巢老人的心理压力状况。方法采用自编的老年人心理压力问卷进行测查。结果城市空巢老人中无子女老人的心理压力最大，其次是绝对空巢老人，相对空巢老人体验到的心理压力最小。城市空巢老人体验到的主要的心理压力源为身体健康、生活服务、担心子女和经济状况造成的心理压力。女性空巢老人的心理压力大于男性。心理压力存在年龄组间差异。随着老人经济收入的降低，心理压力增大。有配偶相伴的老人的心理压力显著小于单身老人。结论不同家庭结构的城市空巢老人的心理压力存在显著差异，老人的人口统计学特征、经济状况等因素影响城市空巢老人的心理压力。     

The resilience status of empty-nest elderly in a community: A latent class analysis

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the status and characteristics of resilience among empty-nest elderly in a community in China using exploratory latent class analysis (LCA).MethodsThis study enrolled 250 empty-nest elderly as the study respondents. General information regarding the resilience of empty-nest elderly was investigated using the General Information Questionnaire and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Chinese version, and we then used LCA and multivariate logistic regression to discuss the characteristics of resilience among empty-nest elderly individuals.ResultsThrough the analysis, we found that the resilience of empty-nest elderly had obvious group characteristics and that statistical indicators can support the three categories of potential model. On the basis of the conditional probability on the various items of the questionnaire in each category, they were named “high resilience group,” “low pressure resilience group,” and “low resilience group,” and the proportion was 26.6%, 40.4%, and 32.9%, respectively. Further study showed that age, marital status, education level, relationship with children, and physical exercise had a significant effect on the high resilience group compared to the low resilience group. Gender, education level, relationship with children, and physical exercise had a significant effect on the low pressure resilience group compared to the low resilience group.ConclusionsThe resilience status of empty-nest elderly in communities can be divided into three categories. Each category had different characteristics of demographic information.     

空巢老人心理健康状况研究

目的 研究空巢老人心理健康状况及主要相关因素。方法 以老年心理健康问卷为评定工具，对452位老年人进行调查．结果 绝对空巢组在“孤独感”和“社会支持”因子的评分与非空巢组差异显著，并在“孤独感”和“适应能力”因子的评分与相对空巢组差异显著；心理健康状况与诸多因素相关．结论 空巢老人的心理健康问题不容忽视，身体健康、家庭人际关系及生活满意度对于调节心理健康非常重要。     

南通市老年人抑郁状况及其影响因素分析

目的了解南通市老年人抑郁的患病现状及其影响因素。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,以老年抑郁量表(GDS)及自制量表为调查工具,对南通市60岁以上老年人群进行调查,共收集有效问卷714份。结果南通市老年人群老年抑郁症状发生率为16.11%,其中中重度抑郁占2.24%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,睡眠、家庭/亲友/邻里关系、个性是否乐观、体育锻炼是老年抑郁症状发生的影响因素。结论抑郁症状是老年人常见的心理健康问题,受生理、心理、家庭、社会等诸多因素的综合影响,应加强老年精神卫生服务,提供相应预防措施。     

Depression and social support between China' rural and urban empty-nest elderly

This study compared levels of depression and social support among empty-nest elderly who living in the rural and urban area of Hunan province, China. This cross-sectional study enrolled 809 empty-nest elderly living throughout the province as the study respondents. The general information, depression conditions and social supports were investigated by using the self-made General Information Questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Variables are presented as mean±standard deviation (SD) or frequency. Independent t-test and χ(2)-tests were used to compare the socio-demographic factors, depression score and social support scores of the rural empty-nest elderly to the urban empty-nest ones; multilevel modeling was used to analyze the socio-demographic factors and social support predicted the level of depression among the empty-nest old subjects. The differences in gender, education level, marital status, economic status, self-perceived income, insurance, children visit frequency and religious beliefs factors between rural and urban empty-nester old people were statistically significant (p<0.05). The average GDS score of rural group was (14.57±5.43), which was higher than the average GDS score (13.18±6.51) of urban group (p<0.01). Objective support scores showed statistical significance between the rural and urban empty-nest elderly (p<0.05). There are differences between rural and urban empty-nest elderly in the aspects of general data, depression status, social support and so on, we should intervene them effectively according to their different characteristics.     

北京老年人家庭关系对心理健康的影响

目的 了解北京老年人家庭关系对心理健康的影响. 方法 抽样调查了北京城乡社区1706例老年人,并且进行健康自评量表、流调用抑郁自评量表(CES-D)等的测试和涉及家庭、生活、经济、健康状况的综合问卷的调查. 结果 家庭关系对老人心理健康的影响有统计学意义,独居、无配偶、家庭不和睦、不受家人尊敬、不跟家人沟通的老年人心理健康状况较差. 结论 老人的心理健康状况受家庭因素的影响,良好的家庭关系能减少老年人的心理问题发生.应发扬尊老爱老的传统美德,保持良好和谐的家庭关系.     

Social status,physical, mental health,well-being and self evaluation of elderly in China

This study examined self perceived physical and mental health, general well-being, social status and self evaluation among a group of Chinese elderly (N=240, age range 65–94) who visited a geriatric outpatient clinic in Beijing, People's Republic of China. The instrument measured five areas of interest: (1) disease patterns; (2) perceived physical and mental health; (3) general well-being; (4) social-economic status and (5) self evaluation. The results showed that the illiterate elderly reported lower self-evaluation scores than all other groups (p<0.05). In general, men gave themselves higher selfevaluation scores than women (p<0.05). The blue-collar group had lower general wellbeing scores (p<0.05) than the other occupational groups. These findings were discussed within social, cultural, political and historical contexts in China.     

The accuracy of older and younger Australians' understanding of mental health and aging.

Inadequacies in contemporary mental health care for elderly individuals may come about partly through ignorance of both positive aspects of mental health in old age (e.g., the responsiveness of older clients to psychotherapy) and the negative aspects (e.g., elderly men's unusually high suicide risk). A quiz measuring knowledge of both kinds was administered to a total of 250 Australian men and women aged seventeen to eighty-one years who were either retired, employed, housewives, or university students. As hypothesized, the retired group scored lowest on the quiz, with no significant differences among younger students versus non-students. Age was found to be a more important mediator of the retired group's low scores than gender, living with an older person, or self-definition as retired versus employed or a housewife. A previous finding of higher scores by Australians than by U.S. undergraduates in an aging course was also replicated and extended to older nonstudent groups. Implications of these findings for mental health services for elderly individuals and for educational interventions to improve understanding of mental health in older age groups were considered.     

The mediating effect of coping style on personality and mental health among elderly Chinese empty-nester: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundMental health is a growing concern among older people all over the world. China has a rapidly aging population, and the number of elderly empty-nesters, who have no children or whose children have already left home, is on the rise. These older adults live alone or with a spouse. Therefore, we should be concerned about these empty-nester, especially their mental health, due to its vital role.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed from March to December 2015. The participants were 350 empty-nest elderly adults from Chifeng City in Inner Mongolia. Data were collected with the Elderly Mental Health Questionnaire, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC) and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. For the analyses, correlations, regressions, and structural equation models were used. Bootstrapping was performed to confirm the mediation effect.ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 70.33 ± 6.67 years. Mental health showed significant correlations with extraversion, neuroticism, and coping style (all P＜0.01). Extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism were the independent variables, while mental health was the dependent variable in the linear regression model with stepwise analysis. Extraversion and neuroticism were entered into the regression equation. All standardized coefficients (β) were significant (all P<0.01) in the model, and bootstrapping indicated that the mediating role of coping style was statistically significant.ConclusionCoping style partially mediated the relationship between the personality and mental health of the empty-nest elderly. Consequently, to improve the mental health of the empty-nest elderly, coping style should be the focus.     

广州地区高校离退休老人幸福度研究

目的了解广州地区高校离退休老人的幸福度。方法采用纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度（ＭＵＮＳＨ）量表对２０４名广州地区高校的离退休老人进行调查。结果高校离退休老人的ＭＵＮＳＨ总分为３４２５；女性老人的幸福度差于男性，退休老人的负性体验较高；性别是影响幸福度的主要因素。结论高校的离退休老人的福利政策较好，其生活质量干预重点在于女性。     

北京城区老年人心理健康状况及其相关因素分析

目的　调查北京城区老年人心理健康状况 ,分析其主要相关因素 ,并提出相应的改善措施。方法　对象为北京城区老年人 1 0 1 0例。采用自编老年心理健康问卷作为评定工具。结果　老年人心理健康总分存在显著的性别、教育水平和职业差异 ,年龄和婚姻差异不显著 ;健康满意度、生活满意度、经济满意度、夫妻关系满意度、亲子关系满意度、患病数、重大生活事件数与心理健康总分或分量表分相关显著 ;回归分析发现 ,健康满意度和教育水平对总分有显著影响。结论　北京城区老年人心理健康保持尚好 ,促进老年人身体健康和提高其教育水平将有助于改善其心理健康状况。