腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石32例临床分析

目的探讨联合应用腹腔镜、胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床应用价值。方法2003年5月-2007年4月共收治67例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,随机分为两组：腹腔镜组32例,经腹腔镜行胆囊切除,并联合胆道镜行胆总管切开取石T管引流术;开腹组35例,行开腹胆囊切除＋胆总管切开取石T管引流术。结果两组均未出现严重并发症。腹腔镜组术中出血量为（93.3±40.8）ml、术后5例明显感觉疼痛,术后平均住院（8.0±1.2）d,胃肠道功能恢复时间为（20.9±4.2）h;开腹组术中出血量为（223.3±57.6）ml,术后26例明显感觉疼痛,术后平均住院（14.2±2.7）d,胃肠道功能恢复时间为（64.1±7.9）h,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。腹腔镜组术后发现胆道残余结石1例,经胆道镜取出。随访1.2（1-3）年,开腹组有2例复发胆总管结石,腹腔镜组无结石复发,两组比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论与传统手术方法相比,腹腔镜联合胆道镜下胆囊切除,胆总管切开探查、取石,T管引流术具有创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,且安全有效,值得推广。     

腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石

目的探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆囊结石胆总管结石的效果。方法将2005年6月—2009年6月收治的168例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,随机抽取90例行腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管切开+胆道镜探查、取石T管引流术(联合腹腔镜组),另78例行开腹胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石T管引流术(对照组),对比分析两组的临床效果。结果开腹组并发症发生率高于联合组(P0.05),联合组住院时间、胃肠功能恢复时间均短于对照组(P0.05),两组手术时间、住院费用差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与传统开腹手术相比,用腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石具有创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,优于传统开腹手术。     

腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜行胆总管切开取石一期缝合术临床观察

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜在胆总管切开取石行一期缝合的临床效果及应用价值。方法:选择2004年9月—2010年4月收治的胆囊结石合并胆总管结石86例患者,随机抽取42例行腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石行一期缝合胆总管作为观察组,与44例同期行开腹胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石T管引流作为对照组。两组术中均行纤维胆道镜探查胆总管。结果:两组在腹腔引流管引流留置时间、平均住院费用、平均出血量、胆瘘及残石率等无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组在平均住院时间、术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、平均进食时间、术后疼痛及切口感染明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石一期缝合胆总管是一种创伤小,住院时间短,术后恢复快,并发症少,跟传统开腹相比有一定的优势。     

多种内镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的总结应用十二指肠镜、腹腔镜、电子胆道镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的经验。方法从1999年1月至2005年1月应用多种内镜联合治疗胆总管结石98例。82例行内镜下括约肌切开(EST)网篮取石、腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)。16例术前行内镜鼻胆管引流(ENBD)、腹腔镜胆囊切除术、胆总管切开胆道镜取石术。结果本组98例,腹腔镜成功完成手术95例,3例中转手术,98例全部治愈。术后出现并发症11例,其中切口感染6例,轻型胰腺炎4例,少量胆汁漏1例。无返流性胆管炎,胆石复发等症状。结论多种内镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石,安全可靠,疗效确切,一般情况下可替代开腹胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石、T管引流术。     

腹腔镜辅助胆道镜下胆总管切开取石的临床研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助胆道镜下胆总管切开取石的可行性及临床应用价值.方法 将我院普外科2009年1月至2010年10月间择期手术的60例胆囊合并胆总管结石患者随机分为腹腔镜辅助胆道镜下胆总管切开取石治疗组(以下简称二镜组)和传统开腹胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石治疗组(以下简称开腹组),对两组手术时间、术后并发症例数、伤口疼痛、术后肛门排气恢复时间、术后住院时间及住院总费用等指标进行分析.结果 两组病例均无死亡,二镜组未发生中转开腹手术.术后随访6个月以上者二镜组21例、开腹组22例.两组的手术时间、住院总费用比较无明显差异.而术后肛门恢复排气时间、伤口疼痛率、术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率比较,二镜组明显优于开腹组(P<0.01).结论 腹腔镜辅助胆道镜下胆总管切开取石是一种新兴的微创手术,只要正确掌握适应证和禁忌证,手术成功率高,并发症少,是目前治疗胆囊合并胆总管结石较为理想的微创手术方式.     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜行胆总管切开取石探查术156例临床体会

目的:总结腹腔镜联合胆道镜行胆总管切开探查取石、T管引流术的临床体会。方法:先行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC),再切开胆总管,用特制的腹腔镜胆总管取石钳取石,胆道镜主要观察胆总管及肝内外胆管有无结石残余及是否通畅,必要时经胆道镜取石。结果:术后拔T管时出现胆漏3例,1例术后10d T管自胆总管脱出至腹腔,1例术后24h胆漏达400ml,6例中转开腹,余均痊愈出院,无残石及术后胆管狭窄等并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜行胆囊切除、胆总管切开探查取石、T管引流术具有安全可靠、患者损伤小、康复快、住院时间短等优点,是治疗胆囊结石、胆总管结石的有效术式。     

胆囊、胆总管结石二镜联合手术与开腹手术围手术期对比

目的 观察胆囊、胆总管结石二镜联合手术与开腹手术围手术期对比情况。方法 回顾性分析122例胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石患者,其中62例行腹腔镜与胆道镜联合治疗（观察组）和60例行开腹胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石+T管引流术（对照组）。对两组患者术中平均出血量、术后胃肠道功能平均恢复时间、平均住院天数以及手术成功率、术后并发症发生率进行对比分析。结果 观察组患者手术时间、术中出血量、胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后住院天数均明显短于对照组（P＜0.05）,两组患者手术成功率和并发症发生率相比无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论 腹腔镜与胆道镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石术后恢复较快,安全性也较好,可缩短患者住院时间,减少其经济负担,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石32例分析

胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的传统疗法是开腹行胆囊切除＋胆总管切开取石T管引流术，但创伤大、住院时间长，我院从2001年起开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparosc pic cholecystectomy，LC），在此基础上联合应用腹腔镜、胆道镜技术对32例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者行胆囊切除＋胆总管切开，胆道镜取石后行T管引流治疗，报道如下。     

联合腹腔镜、内镜微创治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的探讨联合应用腹腔镜、内镜微创治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的方法。方法230例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,106例行经内窥镜Oddi括约肌切开取石 腹腔镜胆囊切除术(EST LC),124例行开腹胆囊切除 胆总管切开取石T管引流术,比较两组患者术后镇痛药使用、切口感染、胃肠道功能恢复情况、住院时间、并发症等。结果两组患者结石取净率均为100%,均未出现严重并发症。开腹手术组:术后切口感染率10.5%,平均住院(15.3±1.7)d;EST LC组:未出现切口感染,术后发生胆漏1例,保守治疗痊愈,平均住院(8.1±1.2)d。随访1个月~8年,开腹手术组2例复发胆总管结石。两组患者术后恢复情况比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与传统开腹手术相比,EST LC具有创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,安全有效,可根据条件选择作为胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者的微创治疗方法之一。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜早期介入急性胰腺炎合并胆总管结石的探讨

目的 探讨对急性胰腺炎(AP)合并胆总管结石早期行腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗方式的可行性.方法 分析我院2007年1月至2009年11月收治的102例AP合并胆总管结石患者.研究组43例,均早期(入院72 h内)行腹腔镜下胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石T管引流术加术中胆道镜取石术;其中13例还行胰腺被膜切开加腹腔灌洗引流.对照组59例,先均行保守治疗.其中46例在胰腺炎明显好转后,才行腔镜手术;另9例出现重症胆管炎、4例胰周感染时,行急诊开腹手术.结果 两组比较,在胃肠道功能恢复时间、淀粉酶恢复时间、住院时间及住院费用比较差异均有统计学意义 (P<0.05).结论 对AP合并胆总管结石患者早期实施腹腔镜联合胆道镜干预是一种创伤小、恢复快、安全有效的方法.     

Successful kidney transplantation in a patient with pre-existing chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib

Active malignancy is an absolute contraindication to kidney transplantation. As for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a Philadelphia chromosome-positive myeloproliferative neoplasm, the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has transformed CML from a lethal into a manageable chronic disease with a close-to-normal life expectancy. To date it is unknown whether kidney transplantation can be safely performed in patients with pre-existing CML. We describe the clinical course of a 57-year-old male patient with chronic kidney disease caused by reflux nephropathy. This patient had undergone first kidney transplantation 20 years earlier and had again been on chronic hemodialysis for 6 years when CML was diagnosed. First-line therapy with 400 mg imatinib daily was well tolerated and induced an optimal cytogenetic and molecular response 3 months after initiation. One and a half years after CML diagnosis, a second kidney transplantation from a deceased donor was performed. Immunosuppression included basiliximab, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids. Currently, 2 years posttransplant, renal allograft function is stable (serum creatinine 1.09 mg/dL, estimated glomerular filtration rate 75 mL/min per 1.73 m²), and CML remains in deep molecular remission with imatinib. Imatinib-treated CML in deep molecular remission could be regarded as inactive malignancy and may therefore not be viewed as an absolute contraindication to kidney transplantation.     

乌司他丁对胆石病合并肝硬化患者肝功能的影响

摘要：目的:探讨乌司他丁对胆石病合并肝硬化患者外科治疗后肝功能的影响。方法:将5年间外科治疗的97例患者随机分为对照组和治疗组。治疗组在术后3d内静脉滴注乌司他丁。分别检测术前1天与术后第 1，3，5天患者肝功能的变化，并观察术后并发症的发生率。结果:治疗组术后各种并发症的发生率明显低于对照组，术后肝功能的改善明显优于对照组。结论:对胆石病合并肝硬化患者在围手术期使用乌司他丁可以保护肝功能和减少并发症的发生。     

Nasal Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis with Orbital Extension

Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis (EAF) is an extremely rare, chronic, benign, idiopathic disorder that mostly affects the upper respiratory tract, particularly the nasal cavity, and features progressive submucosal perivascular fibrosis. To the best of our knowledge, only seven cases of EAF with orbital involvement have been reported. We report a case of sinonasal EAF with orbital extension that presented with left nasolacrimal duct obstruction. A 35-year-old man presented with left epiphora, proptosis, anterolateral globe displacement and nasal obstruction. Endoscopic sinus examination showed a firm, gritty, creamy, yellow, fibrous, adherent mass of maxillary sinus. Diagnosis was established with histopathological examination of excisional biopsy of the lesion. Although EAF is very rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lesions of upper airway tract, particularly the nasal cavity. Biopsy is necessary for diagnosis and treatment planning. Resecting of the involved tissues completely is essential for prevention of recurrence.     

Epidural catheter replacement rates with dural puncture epidural labor analgesia compared with epidural analgesia without dural puncture: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundLumbar epidural analgesia (LEA) is commonly used for labor analgesia but up to 13% of epidural catheters fail and require replacement. Combined spinal-epidural analgesia is associated with a lower catheter failure rate. Few data exist regarding catheter replacement rates after dural-puncture epidural (DPE). We conducted a retrospective analysis comparing catheter failure rates between epidural and DPE techniques.MethodsThis retrospective single-center trial reviewed all labor neuraxial analgesia procedures among 18 726 women across five years, and identified 810 DPE and 2667 LEA procedures. Catheter failure rates, consisting of replacement or requirement of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery, were compared. Propensity score matching was used to balance the groups.ResultsDural-puncture epidural was associated with significantly fewer catheter failures compared with LEA (74/759 vs. 49/759, odds ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.93, P=0.02). Sensitivity analysis excluding cases of general anesthesia confirmed this relationship. Risk factors identified for catheter failure included age, body mass index, and nulliparity. Dural-puncture epidural was associated with a longer mean time to catheter replacement (918 min vs. 609 min, P=0.04). Kaplan-Meier and Cox multivariate analyses confirmed this relationship. There was no significant difference in the requirement for epidural analgesia supplementation, but DPE required supplementation significantly later than LEA. There was no difference in the rate of headache or epidural blood patch between groups.ConclusionsDural-puncture epidural is associated with fewer catheter failures and replacements than LEA, without an increase in the rate of post-dural puncture headache or epidural blood patch.     

肝胆管结石并发胆管癌

目的 探讨肝胆管结石并发胆管癌的诊断、治疗和预后。方法 回顾性分析17例肝胆管结石并发胆管癌的临床资料、病理及预后情况。结果 胆管癌在肝胆管结石病人中的发生率为5％（17／340）。术前诊断为胆管癌者占17．6％（3／17）。肝内及肝门部胆管癌占88．2％（15／17）,肝外胆管癌占11．8％（2／17）。其中高分化腺癌9例。根治性切除41．2％（7／17）,平均生存26个月;姑息性内引流术47．1％（8／17）,平均生存12．4个月;姑息性外引流术11．7％（2／17）,平均生存3．6个月。结论 对病史长,反复胆管炎发作,短期内消瘦,黄疸加深,腹痛难以控制的肝胆管结石病人,应考虑胆管癌的可能。胆管癌切除预后较未切除者为好,姑息性内引流术的预后优于外引流术。     

胆囊炎患者胆汁中内皮素浓度的意义

目的探讨胆囊炎患者胆汁中内皮素浓度及其意义。方法采用放射免疫分析法测定了４０４例单纯型、４８例化脓型和２７例坏疽型结石性胆囊炎患者胆汁中内皮素浓度。结果三型胆囊炎患者胆汁内皮素浓度分别为２７４±８３ｐｇ／ｍｌ,４２３±１１１ｐｇ／ｍｌ和６７５±１３８ｐｇ／ｍｌ,与对照组测值１９４±４７ｐｇ／ｍｌ比较,具有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。结论胆汁中内皮素参与了胆囊炎的病理过程,其作用机制尚需深入研究。     

十二指肠损伤的术式选择

目的探讨十二指肠损伤后手术方式的选择和手术效果。方法对本院１９８８～１９９８年１０年间手术治疗的３１例十二指肠损伤病人临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果①十二指肠损伤复合伤发生率高，合并其它脏器损伤者占７４％（２３例），其中合并胰损伤占２６％（８例）；②术前诊断率低，仅为１６％（５例）；剖腹探查中仍有３例（１０％）漏诊；③术式选择：单纯的十二指肠损伤以修补为主；十二指肠壁有缺损或合并有胰腺损伤，可采用浆膜覆盖术或十二指肠憩室化等其它手术；同时应有良好的十二指肠减压和腹腔引流；④术后并发症及死亡率发生率较高。本组死亡６例（１９％）；治愈２５例（８１％）。结论十二指肠损伤的修复应根据损伤的部位、损伤的严重程度、腹腔污染和合并伤的情况作综合考虑，选择合理的手术方式，尽可能地减少术后并发症发生率和死亡率     

肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓4例的手术治疗

目的：提高肾癌（RCC）伴下腔静脉（IVC）癌栓的手术治疗效果。方法：对4例RCC伴IVC癌栓患者在施行肾癌根治性切除、淋巴结清除的同时分别选择行IVC切开、IVC壁切除和IVC节段切除取癌栓术。结果：手术均获成功，无大出血、肺梗塞，术后血尿素氮、肌酐均无明显异常。随访13-34月患者均健在。结论：对本病应采取积极的手术治疗。三种手术方案的选择应取决于癌栓的长度、水平、分型等。     

利用微弹簧圈选择性动脉栓塞治疗高流量阴茎异常勃起患者勃起功能观察

目的 观察利用微弹簧圈超选择性动脉栓塞治疗高流量阴茎异常勃起对患者勃起功能和性生活质量的影响.方法 会阴部外伤引起阴茎异常勃起患者8例,平均年龄(33.38±12.42)岁,发病距就诊时间2d～8年.根据病史、临床表现、阴茎海绵体血气分析和彩色多普勒超声,诊断为高流量阴茎异常勃起,均在知情同意下通过阴部内动脉造影明确破损动脉,同时利用微弹簧幽选择性动脉栓塞治疗,栓塞后阴茎恢复疲软状态,临床治愈.采用国际勃起功能评分表(IIEF-5)和性生活质量调查表(SLQQ-QOL)对患者发病前,栓塞术后6个月、18个月随访评价勃起功能和性牛活质量.结果 患者栓寨后3个月开始有规律性生活,6个月和18个月IIEF.5评分分别为(19.57±5.35)分和(19.14±5.24)分,与异常勃起发病前(19.86±4.84)分相比无统计学差异(P>0.05).患者栓塞后6个月和18个月SLQQ-QOL评分分别为(34.14±7.73)分和(32.43±8.66)分,与发病前比较无显著差异(P>0.05).结论 微弹簧圈超选择性阴茎海绵体动脉栓塞术对治疗高流量阴茎异常勃起安伞有效,术后对年轻患者勃起功能无显著影响.     

血吸虫病肝硬变伴症状性胆结石患者腹腔镜胆囊切除

目的 探讨血吸虫病肝硬化伴症状性胆结石患者腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)的效果。方法 回顾性分析4年来我院血吸虫病性肝硬化伴胆囊结石行胆囊切除术265例的临床资料。行LC的74例，与常规开腹手术(OC)组进行对比，比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、并发症、术后恢复情况等。结果 手术平均时间LC组为63min，OC组为53min；平均术后住院时间LC组为1．2d，OC组为8．9d；平均手术出血量LC组为15．6ml，OC组为85ml；LC组中转手术6例(8．1％)，无1例发生并发症；OC组术后胆漏1例。结论 血吸虫病性肝硬化胆结石患者只要严格掌握腹腔镜手术适应证，采取正确的手术操作方法，LC是安全可行的。