抗氧化药物添加治疗急性脑梗死合并2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的探索抗氧化剂α-硫辛酸添加治疗对急性期脑梗死合并2型糖尿病临床疗效及对氧化应激水平的影响。方法入组急性脑梗死合并2型糖尿病患者,随机分成常规治疗组(32例)和添加治疗组(32例),添加治疗组是在常规治疗基础上加用α-硫辛酸注射液,共14 d。观察入组患者发病48 h脑卒中患者NIHSS、改良Rankin评分;检测空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血脂、hs-CRP、炎性因子(IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α)和血清8-OHDG、MDA和SOD。治疗14 d后重复上述血液指标和NIHSS评分。发病12 w进行mRS和ADL评分。结果常规治疗组和添加治疗组在治疗14 d时治疗前后NIHSS评分差值及发病12 w时mRS评分差值均提示添加治疗组针对神经功能缺损改善较常规治疗组好,评分差值均有统计学差异;ADL评分在添加治疗组较常规治疗组有明显改善,差值有统计学差异(P值均0.01)。治疗14 d后,添加治疗组8-OHDG、MDA水平较常规治疗组明显下降,有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。治疗前后常规治疗组和添加治疗组中8-OHDG、MDA和SOD的差值均有统计学意义(P值均0.01)。炎性因子(IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α)和hs-CRP差值在两组也均有统计学差异。结论添加α-硫辛酸进行抗氧化治疗对急性脑梗死合并2型糖尿病患者运动症状缺失程度的改善及恢复有较好的效果,能更有效抑制氧化应激反应,对这类患者的临床治疗有一定指导意义。     

盐酸替罗非班联合银杏叶提取物治疗急性脑梗死临床观察

目的观察盐酸替罗非班联合银杏叶提取物治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果。方法选取南阳中心医院2015-02—2017-09收治的106例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,按治疗方案不同分为2组各53例,均给予常规治疗,对照组加用盐酸替罗非班治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用银杏叶提取物。比较2组治疗效果、治疗前后血清炎性因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)]、血液流变学指标[全血黏度(低切、高切)、红细胞比积、红细胞聚集指数、纤维蛋白原]、神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)及病情转归程度(mRS评分)。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前2组IL-6、hs-CRP、TNF-α、Hcy水平无明显差异(P0.05);治疗3周后,观察组IL-6、hs-CRP、TNF-α、Hcy水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前2组全血黏度、红细胞比积、红细胞聚集指数、纤维蛋白原水平无明显差异(P0.05);治疗3周后,观察组全血黏度(低切、高切)、红细胞比积、红细胞聚集指数、纤维蛋白原水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前2组NIHSS评分无显著差异(P0.05),治疗3周后、出院前观察组NIHSS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前、治疗3周后2组mRS评分无显著差异(P0.05),出院前观察组mRS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论盐酸替罗非班联合银杏叶提取物治疗急性脑梗死疗效显著,可显著改善患者血液流变学,降低炎性因子水平,促进神经功能恢复,加快病情转归。     

尼麦角林、帕罗西汀联合心理疗法对缺血性脑卒中后抑郁患者抑郁情绪和炎症因子的影响

目的探讨尼麦角林、帕罗西汀联合心理疗法对缺血性脑卒中后抑郁患者抑郁情绪和炎性因子的影响。方法纳入我院收治缺血性脑卒中后抑郁患者82例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各41例,对照组予以帕罗西汀联合心理治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上加以尼麦角林治疗,对比两组临床疗效,治疗前后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分,治疗前后炎症因子IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平变化。结果观察组治疗后的总有效率为85.37%,较对照组的70.73%显著提高(P<0.05);两组治疗后的HAMD评分均显著降低,且观察组评分低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后的IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平均显著降低,且观察组下降幅度更大(P<0.05)。结论对于缺血性脑卒中后抑郁患者,给予尼麦角林联合帕罗西汀及心理干预治疗效果确切,有助于改善患者抑郁情绪和降低炎性因子水平。     

瑞舒伐他汀对脑梗死合并颈动脉粥样硬化患者神经功能缺损及血清炎性因子水平的影响

目的观察瑞舒伐他汀对脑梗死合并颈动脉粥样硬化患者神经功能缺损及血清炎性因子水平的影响。方法 180例脑梗死合并颈动脉粥样硬化患者随机分为成瑞舒伐他汀治疗组(他汀治疗组)和常规治疗组,每组90例。两组患者均给予脑梗死常规治疗,他汀治疗组患者加用瑞舒伐他汀钙10 mg/d,连续6个月。在治疗前和治疗后6个月进行美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,观察不良反应;分别采用速率散射比浊法和放射免疫分析法测定血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平。结果治疗后,他汀治疗组的NIHSS评分和血清hs-CRP、IL-6水平明显低于治疗前及常规治疗组(P0.05~0.01)。他汀治疗组治疗期间出现恶心、轻微上腹部不适4例。结论瑞舒伐他汀对脑梗死合并颈动脉粥样硬化患者有抑制炎性因子、减低神经功能缺损程度,促进神经功能恢复的作用。     

早期康复治疗对急性脑梗死患者临床及血清炎性因子水平的影响

目的 观察早期康复治疗对急性脑梗死(ACI) 患者的运动功能及日常生活能力、血清超敏C- 反应蛋白(hs-CRP) 、白细胞介素-1( IL- 1)、白细胞介素- 6(IL- 6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的影响.方法 将80例ACI患者随机分为两组,康复组40例采用早期康复治疗和常规中西药物治疗,对照组40例仅采用常规中西药物治疗;测定两组患者治疗前和治疗后2和4周后外周血hs-CRP、IL- 1 IL- 6和TNF-α水平,运动功能采用Fugl-Meyer运动功能积分法(FMA)评定,日常生活能力采用改良Barthel指数评分(MBI).结果 康复组治疗后2和4周时外周血hs-CRP、IL- 1 和IL- 6水平低于对照组(P<0.05);康复组FMA、MBI上升幅度明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 早期康复干预可降低急性脑梗死患者患者血清hs-CRP、IL- 1 、IL- 6 和TNF-α水平,并能明显改善肢体运动功能,提高日常生活能力.     

缺血性卒中后血浆超敏C-反应蛋白和白介素-6的早期动态变化与临床表现的关系探讨

目的 观察急性缺血性卒中患者发病后早期血浆超敏C反应蛋白（high sensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP）及白介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）水平的动态变化规律,探讨其与卒中患者临床表现及预后的关系。方法 连续入选急性缺血性卒中患者47例,正常对照组40例,比较卒中组发病后系列时间点血浆hs-CRP和IL-6水平与正常对照组之间的差异,分析其动态变化规律;按照基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（national institutes of health stroke scale,NIHSS）评分将患者分为轻型组（n=15）和重型组（n=32）,比较两组血浆hs-CRP和IL-6水平;并比较不同临床预后患者血浆hs-CRP和IL-6水平的差异。结果 卒中组发病3h时血浆hs-CRP较对照组差异无统计学意义,6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、3 d及7 d血浆hs-CRP较对照组明显升高（均P ≤0.01）。卒中组各时间点血浆IL-6水平均高于正常对照组（均P <0.01）。重型组血浆hs-CRP水平在12 h、24 h、48 h、3 d及7 d时水平均高于轻型组（P =0.046,0.012,0.030,0.007,0.041）;重型组血浆I L-6水平在12 h、24 h、48 h、3 d及7 d时水平均高于轻型组（P =0.002,0.001,0.006,0.026,0.043）。不同预后组之间血浆hs-CRP和IL-6水平差异不明显。结论 急性缺血性卒中患者血浆hs-CRP和IL-6水平升高,且与临床严重程度有关。     

早期高压氧治疗对急性脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-8、ET-1的影响及预后的临床分析

目的 探讨早期高压氧治疗后急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清超敏反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、IL-6、IL-8和ET-1水平变化及临床意义.方法 将120例急性脑梗死患者随机分为2组,应用放射免疫法测定血清hs-CRP水平,用ELISA法检测血清IL-6、IL-8和ET-1水平以及用NIHSS对患者的神经功能进行评估.结果 高压氧治疗组1周后血清 hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-8、ET-1水平较对照组明显下降(P均＜0.05),并与神经功能恢复有关.结论 急性脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-8、ET-1水平与神经功能缺损程度评分有关.     

法舒地尔对急性脑梗死患者血清超敏C反应蛋白、血管内皮素-1和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平的影响

目的观察法舒地尔对急性脑梗死患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血浆血管内皮素-1(ET-1)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的影响,探讨其治疗脑梗死的作用及机制。方法将50例发病24h内的急性脑梗死患者按照入院先后顺序分为治疗组和对照组,每组各25例,2组患者的性别、年龄、并发症、神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)比较差异无统计学意义,入院以后均给予适当的降纤、抗凝、抗血小板聚集及活血化瘀等药物进行常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用法舒地尔治疗,治疗前及治疗后第15天分别进行NIHSS检测,同时测定血清hs-CRP、ET-1和TNF-α水平。结果治疗前2组患者血清hs-CRP、ET-1和TNF-α水平及NIHSS差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗15d后,治疗组患者血清hs-CRP、ET-1和TNF-α水平及NIHSS均明显下降,与治疗前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组患者hs-CRP、ET-1、TNF-α水平和NIHSS与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而治疗后治疗组患者血hs-CRP、ET-1和TNF-α水平及NIHSS改善程度较对照组明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论法舒地尔通过降低血清hs-CRP、ET-1和TNF-α水平,从而降低神经功能缺损程度,显著改善了急性脑梗死的转归。     

TLR4的表达在急性缺血性脑血管病中作用的研究

目的观察急性缺血性脑血管病患者外周血单核细胞TLR4的表达及其与早期脑梗死中典型炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6的相关性,旨在探讨TLR4在急性脑梗死中发挥的炎症损伤的作用。方法研究对象的选取分为3组:(1)发病3 d的急性脑梗死组;(2)无急性脑梗死的脑动脉粥样硬化组;(3)健康人群组。组间比较3组外周血单核细胞TLR4所表达的TLR4mRNA、外周血中TNF-α、IL-6浓度。急性脑梗死外周血单核细胞TLR4 mRNA的表达及其与TNF-α、IL-6浓度相关性。结果急性脑梗死组TLR4 mRNA的表达和血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度均显著高于动脉粥样硬化组和健康人群组(P 0. 01)。急性脑梗死患者TLR4 mRNA与血清炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6浓度均呈正相关(P 0. 01)。结论 TLR4在急性脑梗死发病机制中炎性损伤的过程有着重要作用,通过上调TLR4表达,推测可能是促使炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6等浓度增多,来介导脑缺血的炎性损伤。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清钙调蛋白水平检测及意义

目的 研究急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清钙调蛋白(CaM)水平及临床意义.方法 采用病例对照研究,选取92例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,入院后按照美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分(NIHSS评分)分为NIHSS≤5分组和NIHSS ＞5分组.选择45例健康体检者作为对照组.运用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)检测所有入组者血清CaM水平,并分析CaM水平与NIHSS评分的相关性.结果 (1)急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清CaM水平明显高于健康对照组,有统计学意义(t =0.296,P＜0.01);(2) NIHSS＞5分组患者血清CaM水平显著高于NIHSS≤5分组有统计学意义(=2.417,P＜0.05);(3)急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清CaM水平与NIHSS评分呈正相关(r=0.318,P=0.002).结论 急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清CaM水平明显增高,可作为判定病情严重程度的重要指标.     

Factors associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the work described here was to determine those variables associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy. METHODS: We interviewed patients followed at a tertiary epilepsy center. Predictor variables included age, gender, race, education, income, insurance, seizure frequency, and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-10 inventory (QOLIE-10) results. Target variables were the subscales of the Short Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). We used univariate analysis to identify those variables significantly associated with the subscales and multiple linear regression to determine those independently significant. RESULTS: The study population comprised 193 patients. Lower education and better QOLIE-10 scores were independently associated with general satisfaction with care. The mental health scale was associated with general satisfaction with care. Lower educational level was the only variable independently associated with patient satisfaction with communication, the financial aspect of care, and time spent with physician. CONCLUSION: Lower educational level and better quality of life are the main variables associated with higher general satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy.     

Treatment with rituximab in patients with polyneuropathy with anti-MAG antibodies

Journal of Neurology -     

Surgical Outcome in Patients with Epilepsy with Occult Vascular Malformations Treated with Lesionectomy

Summary: Purpose: This retrospective study reports the long-term surgical outcome of patients with medically refractory epilepsy and vascular malformations who were treated with lesionectomy. A detailed analysis of surgical failures had been performed in an attempt to define predictors of surgical success and failure.
Methods: Fifteen patients with medically intractable epilepsy and angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVMs) were treated surgically with lesionectomy at Duke University Medical Center. Lesionectomy consisted of removal of the AOVM and surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain only, without the use of electrocorticography (ECoG) to guide resection.
Results: Eleven (73%) patients are seizure free after lesionectomy. Three showed no significant improvement, and one patient died, presumably after a seizure. Age of onset, duration of seizures, age at resection, and gender did not affect outcome. All patients with neocortical AOVMs in whom EEG findings correlated with the site of the lesion were seizure free after lesional resection. Treatment failures were associated with the presence of multiple intracranial lesions, poorly localized or diffuse EEG findings, discordant positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, or with a lesion in close proximity to the limbic system.
Conclusions: Lesionectomy, with removal of surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain, can be considered the procedure of choice in carefully selected patients with epilepsy with occult vascular malformations.     

Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only

The purpose of this study was to identify group differences in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motor dysfunction (ADHD-MD) and ADHD only, and to evaluate the medication responsiveness of ADHD-MD. Sixty-three children (49 males and 14 females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months) underwent a triple blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating two dose levels of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg [corrected], twice daily) and placebo. Forty-nine trials were completed. Nineteen were children with ADHD-MD, 44 had ADHD only. Behavior and functioning were assessed at home and at school. Treatment effects were assessed using the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers. Children with ADHD-MD were more likely to have severe ADHD-combined type and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Both groups of children had a linear dose response to medication (placebo, low, high) and there was no evidence of a group by dose interaction or an overall group effect at home or school. The lack of group effect suggests that these children responded to medication like the other subgroups.     

Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism in women with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggests that valproate is associated with isolated features of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), while contradictory data support an association between epilepsy and PCOS. The development of PCOS features after initiation of valproate was therefore examined in women with bipolar disorder using a standardized definition of PCOS. METHODS: Three hundred women 18 to 45 years old with bipolar disorder were evaluated for PCOS at 16 Systematic Treatment Enhancement for Bipolar Disorder sites. A comparison was made between the incidence of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, male-pattern alopecia, elevated androgens) with oligoamenorrhea that developed while taking valproate versus other anticonvulsants (lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine) and lithium. Medication and menstrual cycle histories were obtained, and hyperandrogenism was assessed. RESULTS: Among 230 women who could be evaluated, oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism developed in 9 (10.5%) of 86 women on valproate and in 2 (1.4%) of 144 women on a nonvalproate anticonvulsant or lithium (relative risk 7.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-34.1, p = .002). Oligoamenorrhea always began within 12 months of valproate use. CONCLUSIONS: Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism. Monitoring for reproductive-endocrine abnormalities is important when starting and using valproate in reproductive-aged women. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate risk factors for development of PCOS on valproate.     

血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的预后分析

目的分析血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形(CAVM)并发癫痫患者的预后情况。方法选择2013年3月至2017年6月收治的符合诊断标准的CAVM并发癫痫发作患者49例为研究对象,分析血管内栓塞治疗后患者的临床症状、生活质量(QOLIE-31)改善情况。结果患者经血管内栓塞治疗后,QOLIE-31各项指标(除了药物影响)评分均明显提高,高于治疗前(P0.05);Spetzler-Martin分级与Engel分级的I~II级例数多于治疗前(P0.05),同时Spetzler-Martin分级I~II级生活质量评分(76.04±18.33)分明显高于III~V级的(65.65±16.76)分(P0.05);Engel分级I~II级的生活质量评分(75.25±17.78)分明显高于III~V级的(66.23±13.22)分(P0.05);血管内栓塞比例80%的生活质量总评分(78.37±18.87)分明显高于栓塞比例80%的(64.16±16.92)分(P0.05);术后患者的头疼症状中重度例数明显低于治疗前(P0.01);患者的NIHSS评分和MRS评分均明显低于治疗前,头疼症状的生活质量评分高于治疗前(均P0.05)。结论血管内栓塞能明显改善未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的头疼症状、癫痫发作情况、神经功能缺损,提高血管内栓塞比例能够提高患者生活质量。