急性髓系白血病Th1/Th2细胞因子和T细胞亚群的变化及其临床意义

目的:探讨急性髓系白血病(AML)患者化疗前后Th1/Th2类细胞因子水平、CD4 /CD8 T细胞亚群比例的变化及其临床意义.方法:采集AML患者的外周及骨髓血,以流式细胞仪检测单个核细胞免疫表型,以酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清和培养上清中IL-4、IFN-γ水平,以放射免疫法检测IL-2水平.结果:治疗前患者血清IL-4水平明显增高,而IFN-γ水平则相反,部分高危患者缓解后IL-4水平仍较高,并且CD4 /CD8 T细胞比例显著倒置.结论:AML患者存在Th1/Th2类细胞因子水平及CD4 /CD8 T细胞亚群比例的异常,有预后价值.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清TGF-β IFN-γ IL-10的检测及意义

目的探讨血清转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）系统性红斑狼疮和Th1型细胞因子γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）、Th2型细胞因子白细胞介素-10（IL-10）（SLE）发病的关系。方法根据SLEDAI评分法,将54例SLE患者分为活动组和静止组,应用ELISA方法测定54例SLE患者及20名正常对照组血清TGF-β、IFN-γ、IL-10水平。结果 SLE患者血清中TGF-β水平显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）,IFN-γ、IL-10水平显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）;TGF-β的表达量与血红蛋白量、血小板量和红细胞数成正相关;IFN-γ的表达量与补体C3、C4成负相关,与抗C1q抗体、抗核小体抗体、免疫球蛋白IgG成正相关;IL-10的表达量与抗核小体抗体、免疫球蛋白IgG成正相关。结论 Th1型及Th2型细胞因子均可能参与了疾病的发生。联合检测SLE患者血清TGF-β、IFN-γ、IL-10水平,对指导治疗及病情的评估具有实际意义。     

恶性肿瘤患者淋巴细胞活性及Th1/Th2细胞因子的测定

目的通过对晚期恶性肿瘤患者外周血NK细胞、B细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群活性及其分泌的细胞因子Th1型细胞因子(IFN-γ)、Th2型细胞因子(IL-4)的检测,探讨其对恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响。方法分组对照研究,其中恶性肿瘤患者44例,健康者43例,取外周血,用流式细胞仪检测CD3 、CD4 、CD8 等T细胞亚群及NK细胞、B细胞,定量分析CD4 、CD8 分泌的Th1型细胞因子(IFN-γ)、Th2型细胞因子(IL-4),并与对照组比较,进行统计学分析研究。结果恶性肿瘤患者NK细胞活性和Th1型细胞因子(IFN-γ)的分泌明显低于对照组(p<0.05),而其CD3 、CD4 、CD8 、B细胞和Th2型细胞因子(IL-4)与对照组相比无显著差异(p>0.05)。结论恶性肿瘤患者Th1、Th2细胞因子的失衡可能是导致免疫偏移的原因,检测NK细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群及其分泌的细胞因子可反映患者的免疫水平,对指导治疗有一定价值。     

儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜与Th1和Th2极化改变相关性分析

目的 探讨,Th1和Th2极化改变及相应分泌的细胞因子与儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)治疗疗效之间的关系.方法 采用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测26例ITP患儿糖皮质激素治疗前后和20例健康儿童外周血CD4+中Th1细胞和Th2细胞的比例,ELISA法检测上述单个核细胞培养16 h后上清液中的IFN-γ、IL-4表达水平.结果 FCM检测显示ITP患儿治疗后Th1细胞比例较治疗前和对照组显著增多,而Th2细胞比例在三组间差异无显著性;ELISA显示治疗组较对照组Th1分泌的细胞因子IFN-γ增高,而Th2分泌的细胞因子IL-4水平各组间差异无显著性.结论 激素治疗后Th1/Th2细胞极化改变及Th1分泌的IFN-γ增加与ITP治疗疗效密切相关.     

血清中细胞因子在长效干扰素治疗慢性丙型肝炎前后的变化

目的观察聚乙二醇干扰素α-2α（PEG-IFN-α-2α）治疗慢性病毒性丙型肝炎前后免疫细胞因子的变化,探讨长效干扰素与细胞因子之间的关系,为长效干扰素治疗选择合适的适应证。方法双抗体夹心ELISA法对100例慢性病毒性丙型肝炎患者长效干扰素治疗前后IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ、IL-10进行了检测,同时观察了T细胞亚群的变化。结果 100例丙肝患者,用长效干扰素治疗后,治疗有效41例,有效率达到41%,随访1～2年,10%复发。干扰素治疗前：慢性病毒性肝炎患者CD4＋/CD8＋比值、血清IL-2、IFN-γ水平降低,而IL-4、IL-10水平明显升高。治疗后：有效组CD4＋/CD8＋比值、血清IL-2、γ-IFN显著升高,IL-10明显下降治疗有效组IL-10显著低于治疗无效组（P〈0.05）,IL-4变化无统计学意义。而治疗无效组,治疗后仅IL-2较治疗前增高。CD4＋/CD8＋比值、血清IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ较治疗前无明显变化。结论用长效干扰素治疗慢性病毒性丙型肝炎可以明显提高CD4＋/CD8＋比值,使T细胞活化,促进TH1因子的产生,抑制TH2细胞因子。T细胞亚群、TH1/Th2细胞因子的检测可用于长效干扰素抗病毒治疗适应症的选择和疗效监测。     

肺炎支原体感染患儿免疫功能检测及分析

目的检测肺炎支原体感染患儿T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞、B细胞、辅助性T淋巴细胞(Th1、Th2)、细胞因子和免疫球蛋白的表达情况,探讨其发病机制。方法应用流式细胞术(FCM)检测50例支原体肺炎患儿组在急性期其外周血中的T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞和B细胞以及Th1、Th2细胞的细胞表达率,同时检测患儿的免疫球蛋白、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)和白介素4(IL-4)并与50例健康儿童对照组进行比较。结果肺炎支原体患儿CD3+、CD4+、Th1细胞表达率和Th1/Th2比值以及免疫球蛋白IgG和IgA含量较健康对照组明显降低(均P<0.05);CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、Th2、B细胞、免疫球蛋白IgM、C3、C4和IFN-γ较对照组无显著性差异(均P>0.05);NK细胞与IL-4较对照组明显增高(P<0.05)。结论肺炎支原体患儿在急性期外周血中淋巴细胞亚群中的多种细胞以及免疫球蛋白和细胞因子有不同程度的明显异常变化,存在免疫功能失调,检测肺炎支原体患儿的免疫功能状况对疾病监测及预后有重要临床意义。     

再生障碍性贫血患者血清IFN-γ、IL-4和T细胞亚群的表达

目的 探讨再生障碍性贫血患者血清IFN-γ、IL-4和T细胞亚群的表达.方法 采用酶联免疫双抗体夹心法和单克隆抗体对40例再生障碍性贫血患者(A组)血清IFN-γ、IL-4和T细胞亚群的表达进行检测,同期选择40例门诊健康体检者作为对照组(B组).观察各组血清IFN-γ、IL-4和T细胞亚群的表达水平.结果 A组血清IFN-γ、IL-4表达水平及Th1/Th2明显高于B组(P＜0.05);A组CD4、CD4/CD8比值明显低于B组(P＜0.05),而CD3和CD8明显高于B组(P＜0.05).结论 再生障碍性贫血患者发病与免疫功能异常密切相关,Th1偏移和T淋巴细胞亚群失调在发病机制中发挥着重要作用.     

肺结核合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者免疫功能的变化及意义

目的 探讨肺结核合并慢性阻塞性肺病(慢阻肺)患者免疫功能的变化及其意义.方法 对2008年1月至2011年1月在同济大学附属肺科医院住院的118例肺结核合并慢性阻塞性肺病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者(研究组)免疫功能进行检测,并与120例肺结核患者(肺结核对照组)和110名正常健康人群(健康对照组)进行对比分析.采用流式细胞仪抗体双标法检测外周血CD3-CD16+ CD56+ NK细胞,T淋巴细胞亚群( CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8)的表达率,采用免疫比浊法检测患者血清IgM、IgG、IgA含量,采用双抗体夹心ABCELISA法测定患者血清中sIL-2R、TNF-α、IL-6、IFN-γ的水平.结果 研究组、肺结核对照组的CD4、CD4/CD8和NK细胞表达率均明显低于健康对照组(P＜0.01),而研究组CD8％明显高于健康对照组(P ＜0.001).研究组CD4％、CD4/CD8低于肺结核对照组(P＜0.001),CD8％高于肺结核对照组(P＜0.01).研究组IgG、,IgA、IgM水平低于健康对照组(P＜0.05);而肺结核对照组与健康对照组IgG、IgM水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),仅IgA水平低于健康对照组(P＜0.05);研究组与肺结核对照组IgG、IgA水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),研究组IgM水平低于肺结核对照组(P =0.007).研究组、肺结核对照组sIL-2R、TNF-α、IL-6、IFN-γ水平均高于健康对照组(P＜0.05).研究组sIL-2R、IFN-γ高于肺结核对照组(P＜0.05),但研究组及肺结核对照组之间TNF-α水平、IL-6水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 肺结核患者主要是细胞免疫受损,但体液免疫受损也在其中起到一定的作用;而肺结核合并慢性阻塞性肺病患者的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能均有低下,免疫功能受损程度较单纯肺结核患者更为严重.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV DNA含量与外周血单核细胞产生的Th1/Th2类细胞因子的关系

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)血清HBV DNA含量与外周血单核细胞(PBMC)产生的Th1／Th2类细胞因子的关系，为慢性乙型肝炎的治疗提供依据。方法 分离42例慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞，加入PHA体外培养48h，ELISA法检测培养上清液中的Th1类细胞因子IFN-γ和Th2类细胞因子IL-4、IL-10，荧光定量法检测血清HBV DNA载量；以12位健康献血者的血清为对照。结果 与正常对照相比，慢性乙型肝炎组IFN-γ显著降低，而IL-4、IL-10明显升高。慢性乙型肝炎患者随着HBV DNA的升高，IFN-γ降低，而IL-4、IL-10升高。结论 慢性乙型肝炎患者存在Th1／Th2类细胞因子失衡，HBV DNA对IFN-γ有抑制作用，对IL-4、IL-10有促进作用。     

尖锐湿疣患者外周血Th1／Th2细胞因子及局部NK细胞的变化

目的 通过对尖锐湿疣(condyloma acuminatum,CA)患者外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子水平及CA皮损内CD4、CD8、CD16、CD57表达的检测,探讨细胞免疫功能对CA发病的影响.方法 采用流式细胞术和细胞内细胞因子染色(ICCS)法检测40例CA患者和20例正常对照者外周血CD4+淋巴细胞内Th1/Th2细胞因子(IL-2、IL-4、IL-12和IFN-γ)水平,同时采用免疫组织化学方法对CA皮损及正常对照者包皮环切组织CD4、CD8、CD16及CD57的表达进行检测.结果 CA患者外周血IL-2+、IL-12+、IFN-γ+-CD4+T细胞百分率均显著低于正常对照组(均P<0.01),IL-4+-CD4+ T细胞百分率稍高于正常对照组,但差异无统计学意义,Th1/Th2比值显著低于正常对照组(P<0.01),说明在CA发病过程中存在Th1向Th2漂移.疣体组织中CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞均增高,但CD4+/CD8+比值低于对照组织;CD16、CD57表达较正常组织中减少,说明病损局部NK细胞较正常组织少.结论 CA患者存在外周血Th1/Th2失衡及病损局部细胞免疫功能下降,可能是导致CA长期不愈,反复发作的原因之一.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.