64层螺旋CT在头颈部动脉血管减影成像技术的应用

多层螺旋CT动脉血管造影（MSCTA）应用以来,已经成为全身动脉血管疾病的重要检查手段。然而,将血管从骨骼或周围的钙化分离出来非常困难,特别是颅底、椎体等部位,血管与骨头紧密相连,靠常规阈值法或手工切割法都不能很好的显示血管,这就大大限制了头颈部动脉血管造影在临床的应用。而CT血管造影减影成像技术可以克服以上不足,有效、简便、迅速、准确的将头颈部动脉血管从骨骼中分离出来。笔者旨在探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）头颈部动脉血管造影的扫描方法及减影成像技术。     

64层螺旋CT头颈部数字减影动脉成像的影响因素分析及对策

目的分析影响64层螺旋CT行头颈部数字动脉减影成像中的影响因素并探讨其对策。方法对78例临床怀疑有头颈部疾患的患者进行CT数字减影动脉成像。先行定位像确定扫描范围,后利用相同扫描条件对扫描范围行平扫及CTA扫描。CTA扫描采用智能阈值触发模式;将平扫与增强扫描原始数据重建成0.6mm横断面图像并进行减影处理,然后传送至工作站进行多模式重建,观察血管显示情况,分析相关影响因素。结果 78例血管减影图像中质量为优55例,良l6例,差5例,另有2例减影失败而采用常规法CTA进行后处理。对图像质量的影响因素包括:患者制动及配合,扫描参数的一致性,优化的造影剂注射方案,正确的触发点的选择,恰当的重建参数。结论通过患者的配合、制定合理的扫描程序及优化图像重建参数,CT数字减影动脉成像相比常规法有更高的工作效率及更优良的图像质量。     

双能量减影法与常规减影法CT血管造影在颅外颈动脉成像的临床应用价值

目的 对比双能量减影法与常规减影法CT血管造影颅外颈动脉成像图像质量及扫描辐射剂量,评价两种方法的优劣及临床应用价值.方法 对45例临床怀疑颅外颈动脉病变患者进行双源CT血管成像检查,数据后处理包括用平扫+80kV增强数据进行传统去骨数字减影(常规减影法)和用80及140kV两个不同能量的数据进行直接去骨减影(双能量减影法).两种方法均保存减影后数据,再完成容积显示和最大密度投影.将图像质量分为4级,对比常规减影法和双能量减影法的图像质量及平均有效辐射剂量.结果 对正常血管的显示:45例患者中24例未见异常,两种方法均清晰显示颈部动脉血管主干及主要分支,两种方法总体质量评分值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).对病变的显示:两种方法均清晰显示21例狭窄血管45支,两种检查方法对血管狭窄的显示差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).有效剂量对比:双能量减影法CT血管造影较常规减影法CT血管造影总辐射剂量降低了17.3%(P<0.01).结论 常规减影法与双能量减影法CT血管成像均能够清晰显示正常颅外颈动脉及狭窄血管,双能量减影法患者受到的辐射剂量更低.对扫描中不配合患者,双能量减影法去骨效果更好.     

256层螺旋CT两种去骨技术在脑血管成像中的对比研究

目的分析比较自动去骨技术与减影去骨技术在256层螺旋CT脑血管成像中图像质量的差异。方法回顾性分析47例脑血管疾病(如钙化、动脉瘤)患者资料,所有脑血管成像序列根据不同的去骨后处理方法分为对照组和观察组,对照组采用自动去骨成像技术,观察组采用减影去骨成像技术,对去骨后的CTA图像进行质量评估。比较两种去骨技术的成功率(是否影响诊断)。2名观察者对各组图像质量主观评分的一致性采用Kappa检验,采用独立样本t检验比较两组图像主观评分。结果对照组与观察组组去骨的成功率分别为70.21%(33/47)和93.62%(44/47)。两位观察者的相关系数为0.914,观察组图像质量明显高于对照组图像,两组图像质量有统计学差异(评分为(2.76±0.84)vs(3.68±0.73),t=-5.978,P0.05)。结论在颅内虹吸段血管有钙化情况下,减影去骨技术较自动去骨技术可显著提高诊断的准确性,在临床怀疑小动脉瘤时,采用减影去骨技术,可降低漏诊率。     

16层螺旋CT减影法血管成像在头颈部血管成像中的应用

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT减影法血管成像在头颈部血管成像中的应用价值.方法:36例患者先后进行平扫及增强扫描,原始数据传入工作站,以平扫图像为蒙片进行减影,最后进行三维血管成像处理,评价常规CTA与减影法CTA图像质量及病变的影像表现.其中18例同时进行了DSA检查,8例同时进行了MRA、DSA检查.结果:血管重建后总体可评价率为95.1%.检查结果与DSA基本一致.结论:16层螺旋CT减影法血管成像可以提供高质量的三维重建图像,影像显示明显优于常规法CTA,方法准确可靠.     

MSCT CTA与DSA诊断肾癌的应用对照研究

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像法MSCT(CTA)与选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影法(DSA)对诊断肾癌的应用价值. 方法 对26例病理证实的肾癌患者的多层螺旋CT血管成像MSCT(CTA)与选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影(DSA)的影像特征进行对照分析. 结果 多层螺旋CT血管成像法MSCT(CTA)对肾癌的肿瘤血供类型,肿瘤供血动脉来源的诊断符合率和肾动脉解剖显示正确率达到96.15%.选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影法(DSA)对肾癌的肿瘤血供类型,肿瘤供血动脉来源的诊断合率和肾动脉解剖显示正确率达到92.31%. 结论 多层螺旋CT血管成像法MSCT(GTA)与选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影法(DSA)对诊断肾癌都具有较高的临床诊断价值,两组正确率的比较,没有显著性差异.多层螺旋CT血管成像法MSCT(CTA)比选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影法(DSA)对指导肾癌的介入与外科手术治疗具有较大的使用价值.     

MSCT CTA与DSA诊断肾癌的应用对照研究

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像法MSCT(CTA)与选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影法(DSA)对诊断肾癌的应用价值. 方法 对26例病理证实的肾癌患者的多层螺旋CT血管成像MSCT(CTA)与选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影(DSA)的影像特征进行对照分析. 结果 多层螺旋CT血管成像法MSCT(CTA)对肾癌的肿瘤血供类型,肿瘤供血动脉来源的诊断符合率和肾动脉解剖显示正确率达到96.15%.选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影法(DSA)对肾癌的肿瘤血供类型,肿瘤供血动脉来源的诊断合率和肾动脉解剖显示正确率达到92.31%. 结论 多层螺旋CT血管成像法MSCT(GTA)与选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影法(DSA)对诊断肾癌都具有较高的临床诊断价值,两组正确率的比较,没有显著性差异.多层螺旋CT血管成像法MSCT(CTA)比选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影法(DSA)对指导肾癌的介入与外科手术治疗具有较大的使用价值.     

MSCT CTA与DSA诊断肾癌的应用对照研究

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像法MSCT(CTA)与选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影法(DSA)对诊断肾癌的应用价值. 方法 对26例病理证实的肾癌患者的多层螺旋CT血管成像MS(2T(CTA)与选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影(DSA)的影像特征进行对照分析. 结果 多层螺旋CT血管成像法MSCT(CTA)对肾癌的肿瘤血供类型、肿瘤供血动脉来源的诊断符合率和肾动脉解剖显示正确率达到96.15%.选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影法(DSA)对肾癌的肿瘤血供类型、肿瘤供血动脉来源的诊断合率和肾动脉解剖显示正确率达到92.31%. 结论 多层螺旋CT血管成像法MSCT(CTA)与选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影法(DSA)对诊断肾癌都具有较高的临床诊断价值,两组正确率的比较,没有显著性差异.多层螺旋CT血管成像法MS(3T(CTA)比选择性肾动脉数字减影血管造影法(DSA)对指导肾癌的介入与外科手术治疗具有较大的使用价值.     

CTA减影法在颅内动脉瘤检查中的应用价值

目的 评价CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)减影法在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的应用价值.方法 采用CTA检查拟诊为颅内动脉瘤42例,分别运用常规法及减影法进行CTA成像,包括多平面重建(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积重建(VR),并评价图像质量.结果 常规法15例中检出动脉瘤12个,由于瘤体邻近颅底骨骼遮盖重叠而漏检3个大脑前动脉瘤;减影法27例中,4例因弹簧圈和支架影响瘤体欠清楚外,检出31个动脉瘤(4例患者为多发动脉瘤).减影法能清晰显示瘤体、瘤颈、载瘤动脉和周围血管的关系.常规法图像后处理时间约为30 min,而减影法约为15 min.结论 CTA减影法3D成像对颅内动脉瘤的成像效果优于常规CTA,但对检查支架和弹簧的图像显示不如常规CTA扫描清晰.     

64层螺旋CT头颈部血管逆向减影技术

一直以来DSA是诊断头颈血管疾病的金标准,但因其创伤性,神经血管不良反应率高,患者对此项检查依从性差及费用较高,影响了它在头颈血管疾病的应用。近年来多层螺旋CT血管成像迅速发展,尤其是64层螺旋CT(VCT)的时间分辨力和空间分辨力有了空前提高,实现了大范围各向同性容积数据的高速连续采集。配合强大而人性化的图像后处理工作站,CTA图像质量有了很大改善,已成为头颈部血管成像不可或缺的重要手段。快速、微创、成像质量好是CTA的几大优点。但由于受颈椎骨及颅底骨的影响,使得常规CTA后处理相对繁琐,时间较长,有时影响血管显示,降低图像质量。随后减影技术的出现基本解决了骨头对血管的影响,极大的提高了后处理速度及图像质量。但在在主动脉弓、椎动脉开口、锁骨下动脉、颈总动脉开口处常因静脉对比剂干扰产生放射状伪影。本研究利用64层螺旋CT探讨反向减影技术对比常规减影技术的优势及使用方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.