瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者血脂、血清超敏C反应蛋白及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块作用的比较

目的比较瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者血脂、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响。方法在标准缺血性脑卒中治疗的基础上,瑞舒伐他汀组加用瑞舒伐他汀10mg/d,阿托伐他汀组加用阿托伐他汀片20 mg/d,治疗6个月。于治疗前及治疗后6个月,检测患者血脂、hsCRP水平,颈动脉超声检查颈动脉粥样硬化斑块情况。结果与治疗前比较,瑞舒伐他汀组与阿托伐他汀组6个月时总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和hs-CRP水平均显著降低(均P0.05)。6个月时,瑞舒伐他汀组TC、TG、LDL-C及hs-CRP水平显著低于阿托伐他汀组及对照组(均P0.05)。3组间治疗前内-中膜厚度(IMT)差异无统计学意义;与治疗前及对照组比较,瑞舒伐他汀组与阿托伐他汀组6个月时IMT及低回声斑块比率显著降低,高回声斑块率显著增高(均P0.05)。瑞舒伐他汀组、阿托伐他汀组及对照组患者第6个月的NIHSS评分及mRS评分均显著低于治疗前(均P0.05)。治疗前及治疗后6个月时,3组间NIHSS评分及mRS评分差异无统计学意义。结论瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀能显著降低急性脑梗死患者血脂及血清hs-CRP水平,抑制动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成。瑞舒伐他汀的降脂及抗炎作用比阿托伐他汀更强。     

瑞舒伐他汀治疗脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块疗效观察

目的 探讨瑞舒伐他汀治疗脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块的疗效.方法 对78例脑梗死患者常规治疗外,加用瑞舒伐他汀10 mg,每晚1次.治疗3个后测血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和肝肾功能,采用彩色多普勒测定颈动脉内-中膜的厚度(IMT).结果 瑞舒伐他汀治疗3个月后,患者TC、TG、LDL-C和CRP显著低于治疗前水平(P＜0.05).双侧颈动脉内-中膜厚度缩小,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 瑞舒伐他汀除降脂作用外,还可以稳定并缩小脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块.     

分析阿托伐他汀和瑞舒伐他汀对短暂性脑缺血发作患者颈动脉斑块的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀和瑞舒伐他汀对短暂性脑缺血患者颈动脉斑块的影响。方法选取2014-05—2015-05在我院接受治疗的短暂性脑缺血发作患者82例,按照随机数字表分为A组(阿托伐他汀组,n=41)和B组(瑞舒伐他汀组,n=41)。A组给予阿托伐他汀(10mg/d)联合阿司匹林(100mg/d),B组给予瑞舒伐他汀(10mg/d)联合阿司匹林(100mg/d),连续治疗6个月;比较2组治疗前后颈动脉中层厚度(IMT)和粥样硬化斑块面积,甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平,比较2组6个月内的脑血管事件发生率。结果治疗前,2组IMT和粥样硬化斑块面积差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后,B组IMT和斑块面积显著小于A组(P0.05);治疗前2组TG、TC、LDL-C和HDL-C水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后2组TG、TC、LDL-C和HDL-C水平与治疗前差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);2组患者6个月内的脑血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀和瑞舒伐他汀均能够很好地降低短暂脑缺血发作患者的血脂水平、降低脑血管事件的发生率,治疗剂量为10mg/d瑞舒伐他汀稳定及改善颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的疗效优于10mg/d阿托伐他汀。     

脑心通联合阿托伐他汀治疗脑梗死颈动脉粥样硬化的疗效观察

目的观察脑梗死动脉粥样硬化患者采用脑心通胶囊联合阿托伐他汀治疗的临床效果。方法选用2013-06—2015-03在我院进行治疗的脑梗死颈动脉粥样硬化患者80例,随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组在常规治疗下,选用阿托伐他汀片口报,再服用阿司匹林肠溶片,均每天服用1次;实验组在服用阿托伐他汀片和阿司匹林肠溶片的基础上加用脑心通胶囊治疗,治疗6个月。比较2组血脂水平、颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的面积、同型半胱氨酸水平。结果治疗后2组血脂水平较治疗前相比有所改变,TG、TC、LDL-C与治疗前相比明显降低,且实验组降低的水平较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。HDL-C水平较治疗前有所升高,与治疗前相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。IMT、粥样硬化斑块的面积减少,实验组减少的面积多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后2组同型半胱氨酸水平低于治疗前,实验组下降较对照组明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论脑梗死颈动脉粥样硬化患者采用脑心通胶囊联合阿托伐他汀治疗可有效提高临床效果,降低危险,减少颈动脉粥样硬化的程度,在临床治疗中有极大的应用价值。     

阿托伐他汀治疗脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的临床研究

目的观察阿托伐他汀对脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的治疗作用。方法选择有颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的脑梗死患者82例，随机分为阿托伐他汀治疗组（42例）和对照组（40例）。分别于入院时、治疗第3个月、6个月、12个月动态监测2组患者的血脂水平，并进行颈动脉超声检查评估颈动脉粥样硬化斑块内膜-中层厚度（IMT）。结果2组间血脂变化无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；颈动脉斑块IMT在6个月后治疗组厚度缩小，对照组厚度增加，2组与初诊时比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。结论阿托伐他汀除有良好的降脂作用外，还有稳定甚至减轻动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

阿托伐他汀联合氯吡格雷稳定老年脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样斑块效果分析

目的 观察阿托伐他汀联合氯吡格雷对老年脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样斑块的治疗效果.方法 选择河南省人民医院神经内科自2006年7月至2010年9月收治的老年脑梗死患者80例,其中联合应用阿托伐他汀和氯吡格雷治疗40例(观察组),单纯使用氯吡格雷治疗40例(对照组),治疗后4、12、24周检查患者三酰甘油(TG)、血清总胆固醇(CH)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、血粘滞度及血小板最大聚集率(MAR)并评定斑块积分.结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后24周对照组患者TG、LDL-C、MAR,12周观察组患者TG、CH,24周观察组患者TG、CH、LDL-C、MAR均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组患者治疗后12周CH,治疗后24周TG、CH、LDL-C较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组比较,治疗后24周观察组患者粥样斑块积分较低.差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 联合应用阿托伐他汀联合氯吡格雷可以稳定老年脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,且安全可靠.     

阿托伐他汀联合氯吡格雷稳定老年脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样斑块效果分析

目的 观察阿托伐他汀联合氯吡格雷对老年脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样斑块的治疗效果.方法 选择河南省人民医院神经内科自2006年7月至2010年9月收治的老年脑梗死患者80例,其中联合应用阿托伐他汀和氯吡格雷治疗40例(观察组),单纯使用氯吡格雷治疗40例(对照组),治疗后4、12、24周检查患者三酰甘油(TG)、血清总胆固醇(CH)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、血粘滞度及血小板最大聚集率(MAR)并评定斑块积分.结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后24周对照组患者TG、LDL-C、MAR,12周观察组患者TG、CH,24周观察组患者TG、CH、LDL-C、MAR均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组患者治疗后12周CH,治疗后24周TG、CH、LDL-C较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组比较,治疗后24周观察组患者粥样斑块积分较低.差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 联合应用阿托伐他汀联合氯吡格雷可以稳定老年脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,且安全可靠.     

血小板拮抗剂与阿托伐他汀对颅内外动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响

目的探讨血小板拮抗剂联合阿托伐他汀治疗对颅内外动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响。方法选择我院神经内科2012-06—2014-12收治的85例脑梗死患者为研究对象,分为治疗组(n=48)与对照组(n=47)。对照组口服阿托伐他汀,治疗组采取阿司匹林联合阿托伐他汀治疗,比较2组治疗前后血脂水平、颅内外动脉IMT(内膜中层厚度)及不良反应发生率。结果 2组治疗前各项血脂指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后均获得改善,组内前后对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后治疗组TC、TG、LDL-C低于对照组,HDL-C高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前2组颅内外动脉IMT比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组颈动脉颅外段、椎动脉颅外段IMT均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血小板拮抗剂联合阿托伐他汀治疗脑梗死可有效提高颅内外动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性,改善血脂水平,减小IMT,值得推广。     

阿托伐他汀对脑梗死患者hs-CRP、MMP-9水平的影响

目的 观察阿托伐他汀干预后脑梗死患者高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）水平变化.方法 选取急性动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死44例,分为两组,分别服用阿托伐他汀、阿司匹林组（A组）和单独服用阿司匹林组（NA组）,测定3个月前后hs-CRP、MMP-9和血脂水平的变化.结果 A组hs-CRP,MMP-9水平均较治疗前显著下降（P〉0.05）,而NA组治疗前后无明显变化.治疗前后血脂水平比较A组TC、LDL-C水平显著下降,NA组变化不明显,TG在两组变化均不明显.结论 阿托伐他汀可能通过减轻炎症反应来稳定颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,从而降低脑血管疾病的发生率和病死率.     

瑞舒伐他汀钙对急性期脑梗死患者血脂和C反应蛋白水平的影响

目的观察瑞舒伐他汀钙对脑梗死患者的血脂和C反应蛋白（CRP）水平的影响。方法选取96例脑梗死合并高脂血症的患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组应用瑞舒伐他汀钙治疗（10rag／d）,对照组使用阿托伐他汀钙或其他他汀类药物治疗,用药2周后检测患者血清总胆固醇（Tc）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）和CRP水平。结果与治疗前相比,2组患者血清TC、TG、LDL—C和CRP均有明显下降;与对照组比较,治疗组患者上述指标下降程度更大。结论瑞舒伐他汀钙能更有效降低脑梗死急性期患者的血脂及CRP水平。     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Satellite cells and myonuclei in young and elderly women and men

The overall aim of this study was to assess the effects of aging on the satellite cell population. Muscle biopsies were taken from the tibialis anterior muscle of healthy, moderately active young (age range, 20-32 years; n = 31) and elderly (age range, 70-83 years; n = 27) women and men with comparable physical activity pattern. Satellite cells and myonuclei were visualized using a monoclonal antibody against neural cell adhesion molecule and counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin. An average of 211 (range, 192-241) muscle fibers were examined for each individual. Compared with the young women and men, the elderly subjects had a significantly lower (P < 0.011) number of satellite cells per muscle fiber but a significantly higher (P < 0.004) number of myonuclei per muscle fiber. The number of satellite cells relative to the total number of nuclei [satellite cells/(myonuclei + satellite cells)] was significantly lower in the elderly than in the young women and men. These results imply that a reduction in the satellite cell population occurs as a result of increasing age in healthy men and women.     

Necdin蛋白与神经元的生长分化

在神经系统 ,Necdin只在成熟神经元的细胞核中表达 ,可能与成熟神经元分裂静止状态的保持有关。近年的研究表明 ,Necdin是一种生长抑制蛋白 ,能与多种因子如SV4 0大T抗原 ,腺病毒E1A ,转录因子E2F1以及肿瘤抑制蛋白p5 3等结合 ,在功能上类似于成视网膜瘤蛋白Rb。necdin基因缺陷时 ,会引起脑内 ,特别是下丘脑神经元分化障碍。人类necdin基因位于PWS综合征的基因缺失区 ,可能与PWS的一些症状有关。本文从Necdin蛋白的基本概况 ,生物功能以及Necdin与疾病三个方面进行了综述     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.     

Learning and forgetting new names and objects in MCI and AD

We studied how subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched controls learned and maintained the names of unfamiliar objects that were trained with or without semantic support (object definitions). Naming performance, phonological cueing, incidental learning of the definitions and recognition of the objects were tested during follow-up. We found that word learning was significantly impaired in MCI and AD patients, whereas forgetting patterns were similar across groups. Semantic support showed a beneficial effect on object name retrieval in the MCI group 8 weeks after training, suggesting that the MCI patients’ preserved semantic memory can compensate for impaired episodic memory. The MCI group performed equally well as the controls in the tasks measuring incidental learning and recognition memory, whereas the AD group showed impairment in this respect. Both the MCI and the AD group benefited less from phonological cueing than the controls. Our findings indicate that word learning is compromised in both MCI and AD, whereas long-term retention of newly learned words is not affected to the same extent. Incidental learning and recognition memory seem to be well preserved in MCI.     

Necdin蛋白与神经元的生长分化

在神经系统,Necdin只在成熟神经元的细胞核中表达,可能与成熟神经元分裂静止状态的保持有关.近年的研究表明,Necdin是一种生长抑制蛋白,能与多种因子如SV40大T抗原,腺病毒E1A,转录因子E2F1以及肿瘤抑制蛋白p53等结合,在功能上类似于成视网膜瘤蛋白Rb.necdin基因缺陷时,会引起脑内,特别是下丘脑神经元分化障碍.人类necdin基因位于PWS综合征的基因缺失区,可能与PWS的一些症状有关.本文从Necdin蛋白的基本概况,生物功能以及Necdin与疾病三个方面进行了综述.     

Oxytocin and vasopressin agonists and antagonists as research tools and potential therapeutics

We recently reviewed the status of peptide and nonpeptide agonists and antagonists for the V(1a), V(1b) and V(2) receptors for arginine vasopressin (AVP) and the oxytocin receptor for oxytocin (OT). In the present review, we update the status of peptides and nonpeptides as: (i) research tools and (ii) therapeutic agents. We also present our recent findings on the design of fluorescent ligands for V(1b) receptor localisation and for OT receptor dimerisation. We note the exciting discoveries regarding two novel naturally occurring analogues of OT. Recent reports of a selective VP V(1a) agonist and a selective OT agonist point to the continued therapeutic potential of peptides in this field. To date, only two nonpeptides, the V(2) /V(1a) antagonist, conivaptan and the V(2) antagonist tolvaptan have received Food and Drug Administration approval for clinical use. The development of nonpeptide AVP V(1a), V(1b) and V(2) antagonists and OT agonists and antagonists has recently been abandoned by Merck, Sanofi and Pfizer. A promising OT antagonist, Retosiban, developed at Glaxo SmithKline is currently in a Phase II clinical trial for the prevention of premature labour. A number of the nonpeptide ligands that were not successful in clinical trials are proving to be valuable as research tools. Peptide agonists and antagonists continue to be very widely used as research tools in this field. In this regard, we present receptor data on some of the most widely used peptide and nonpeptide ligands, as a guide for their use, especially with regard to receptor selectivity and species differences.     

Retrospective and prospective design and data

The study of the presentation, symptomatology and family characteristics of an exclusively adolescent sample of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) was undertaken. Twenty-four cases of borderline personality disorder, 20 females, 4 males, identified using chart review and meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) and DSM III-R, were matched with psychiatric controls. Adolescents with borderline personality disorder were found to have high rates of affective symptomatology with Axis I diagnosis of major depressive disorder - MDD (DSM-III-R), and high rates of interpersonal psychopathology, i.e., manipulation, devaluation, and a pervasive sense of boredom. The latter seem to be characteristic as for adults with borderline personality disorder. The families were particularly angry and volatile.     

Cortisol levels and depression in men and women using heroin and cocaine

Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are well documented in men using illicit drugs and/or infected with HIV; however, less is known about HPA function, or the health consequence of HPA dysfunction, in their female counterparts. People with depression exhibit hypercortisolemia, and depression is common in people with HIV or substance use problems. The current study investigated cortisol secretion in 209 demographically matched men and women, stratified by their HIV and drug use status. Self-reported depressive symptoms were evaluated using a standardized, validated questionnaire (CES-D). Women reported more depressive symptoms than men (p=.01). Male and female drug users exhibited higher cortisol concentrations (p=.03), and were more likely to report depressive symptoms (p=.04), than non-users. Depression was related to elevated cortisol concentrations for the study population (p=.03), and women with elevated cortisol concentrations were significantly more depressed than all other participants (p=.05). While it is unknown whether high cortisol concentrations precede depressive symptoms or vice versa, these data indicate that higher cortisol concentrations are associated with depressive symptoms in heroin and cocaine users, and that this association is more pronounced in women than men. HIV status did not act in an additive or synergistic way with drug use for either cortisol or CES-D measures in the current study. Unique therapies to treat the endocrine and mental health consequences of illicit drug use in men and women deserve consideration as depressive symptoms, and high cortisol concentrations associated with depressive symptoms, differ by gender.