韦氏环不同病理类型非霍奇金淋巴瘤的CT和MRI表现特征研究

目的探讨不同病理类型韦氏环非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,NHL)影像学特点,提高诊断及鉴别诊断的准确性。方法回顾性分析30例经病理证实的韦氏环非霍奇金淋巴瘤CT、MRI表现,结合其病理类型进行对比分析。结果 30例韦氏环NHL中,成熟B细胞淋巴瘤22例(73.3%),成熟T细胞和NK细胞淋巴瘤8例(26.7%)。病变表现肿块型15例(50.0%),弥漫型8例(26.7%),溃疡型2例(6.7%),混合型5例(16.7%)。B细胞型以肿块型多见(68.2%),易累及腭扁桃体,CT表现为局限性等密度肿块,边界清楚,增强后轻中度均匀强化。MRI检查病灶信号均匀,T_1WI呈稍低信号,T_2WI稍高信号。T和NK细胞型以弥漫型多见(75%),常累及两个或多个部位,病变呈浸润生长,范围较弥散,轮廓欠清晰,形态欠规则。22例(73.3%)合并颈部淋巴结转移,多累及颈部I~III区淋巴结,肿大淋巴结中央多无坏死。结论韦氏环B细胞型NHL与NK/T细胞型NHL的影像学表现各有一定特点,有助于鉴别诊断。     

原发性肝脏淋巴瘤的CT表现

目的：提高对原发性肝脏淋巴瘤CT表现的认识。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的4例原发性肝脏淋巴瘤的CT表现,采用CT平扫与增强扫描检查。结果4例均表现为肝脏单发病灶。CT表现：平扫肝脏病灶呈低密度（3/4）或稍低密度（1/4）,密度均匀或不均匀,边界较清;增强扫描显示无明显强化（1/4）或轻度强化（3/4）。2例肿瘤中见血管走行,类似“血管漂浮征”,血管无明显狭窄、受侵表现。结论原发性肝脏淋巴瘤CT平扫多表现为低密度,边界较清,增强扫描大多表现为无明显强化或轻度强化。部分病灶可见“血管漂浮征”,具有一定特征,结合临床资料,可提高其诊断准确性。     

节细胞神经瘤的影像特征与病理对照分析

目的探讨节细胞神经瘤的CT及MRI表现,旨在提高对其诊断的准确性。方法选取我院32例经手术病理证实节细胞神经瘤患者的CT及MRI资料,并与病理结果对照。27例行CT检查,其中CT增强扫描19例;9例行MRI检查,其中MRI增强扫描8例。结果32例均为单发。位于腹膜后间隙15例,后纵隔8例,肾上腺6例,颈部2例,腰椎椎管内1例。病变呈类圆形、长圆形或不规则形,边界清晰。CT平扫呈低密度,内部出现钙化11例,脂肪3例,坏死1例。增强扫描呈渐进性强化14例,其中轻度强化3例,中度强化3例,明显强化8例;无明显强化5例。10例见小滋养血管,8例推移周围大血管,7例包埋邻近血管,4例肿瘤内部或瘤周见线状或簇状扩张血管。MRI平扫病灶T_(1)WI呈均匀性等及稍低信号,T_(2)WI呈高及稍高信号,7例内部可见“旋涡征”,4例DWI呈高信号,ADC值约1.725×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s,增强扫描表现为不强化、不均匀性明显强化及渐进性强化。结论神经节细胞瘤的CT及MRI表现具有一定的特征性,两者结合有助于提高其诊断的准确率。     

肝脏原发性淋巴瘤的MR诊断价值及鉴别诊断

目的探讨肝脏原发性淋巴瘤(PHL)的MRI表现,旨在提高对该病的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术、CT或超声引导下穿刺后病理证实并行MRI检查的PHL 8例,分析PHL的MRI表现。结果本组病例PHL均为单发病变,T1WI所有病变均呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,DWI呈特征性的高信号,多数信号均匀,边界清晰。增强扫描呈无明显强化或轻~中度强化,1例可见不规则坏死;6例病灶内可见血管穿行其中,而血管未见确切狭窄及包绕等受累征象,呈血管漂浮征。结论肝脏原发性淋巴瘤以单发多见,DWI呈明显高信号、增强扫描呈少血供及血管漂浮征可能具有一定的特征性。结合临床相关资料,可提高疾病诊断的准确性。     

肌肉原发非霍奇金淋巴瘤的MRI表现

目的 分析肌肉原发非霍奇金淋巴瘤的MRI表现,探讨MR诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实的肌肉原发非霍奇金淋巴瘤6例,初诊时均无明确淋巴瘤病史,术前分别经MRT_1WI、T_2WI和T_2WI增强检查.仔细复习MR扫描结果并和手术病理作回顾性对照分析.结果 6例肌肉原发非霍奇金淋巴瘤中,位于颈部2例、上肢1例、下肢3例.6个病灶皆起源于深部肌肉并累及多个肌群,5例病灶侵犯到皮下脂肪间隙,1例累及皮肤,3例肿瘤沿着神经血管束浸润.病灶呈不规则形5例,卵圆形1例.病灶直径7.3～22.5 cm,平均13.9 cm.境界不清楚5例,清楚1例.MR T_1WI略高信号2例,略低信号4例,信号均匀;T_2WI呈略高信号2例,中等程度高信号3例,高信号1例,信号略不均匀5例,均匀1例.5例瘤内可见固有解剖结构(增粗的肌纤维、肌腱和肌间脂肪)残留.MR动态增强扫描5例,动脉期呈中等程度强化,强化较均匀2例,略不均匀3例;实质期持续强化,强化较均匀3例,略不均匀2例.结论 原发肌肉淋巴瘤在T_1WI多呈等低均匀信号,T2WI信号强度低于绝大多数软组织恶性肿瘤,也有一定的参考价值.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT、MRI表现

目的 :探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(SPTP)的CT、MRI表现,旨在提高对该病的认识。方法 :回顾性分析28例经手术或穿刺病理证实的SPTP的临床、影像及病理资料。结果:28例中,12例病变位于胰头部,6例位于胰体部,10例位于胰尾部。肿块呈类圆形16例,分叶状12例。12例病灶内可见钙化。25例肿块最大径30 mm,3例≤30 mm。实性成分为主8例,囊实性为主15例,囊性为主5例。实性肿块CT表现为等或低密度,增强扫描动脉期肿块呈轻中度强化,门脉期及延迟期肿块呈渐进性持续强化;MRI表现T_1WI均呈低信号,T_2WI呈高信号26例。囊性部分CT平扫为低密度,增强扫描各期病灶未见明显强化;MRI表现为T_1WI呈低信号,T_2WI呈高信号。23例肿块周围包膜完整,5例包膜不完整;MRI表现为T_1WI和T_2WI呈低信号,增强扫描可见强化。结论:SPTP多见于年轻女性,具有特征性的CT和MRI表现,CT与MRI对其诊断及鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

肝脏炎性假瘤的CT及MRI征象

目的:探讨肝脏炎性假瘤的CT和MRI表现。方法:8例经手术病理证实的肝脏炎性假瘤。男5例,女3例,年龄35~65岁,平均53岁。8例均作CT平扫及增强扫描,其中3例行MR对比检查。结果:CT表现为1 个病灶6 例,2个病灶2例,共发现病灶10个。平扫9个病灶表现为低密度,1 个病灶表现为稍高密度。动态增强扫描2 个病灶动脉期显著强化,门脉期及延迟期中度强化;8个病灶动脉期无明显强化,门脉期及延迟期有不同方式的强化,主要表现为周边完整或不完整的环形或结节状强化,中心核心样强化及线状或不规则分隔样强化。MRI表现为2 例病灶T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,1例病灶T1WI及T2WI均为等信号,动态增强扫描与CT相仿。结论:肝脏炎性假瘤的CT及MRI表现因其病理阶段不同而表现各异,诊断需结合临床,确诊尚依靠病理检查。     

肝脏不同肿瘤性病变中央瘢痕的CT及MRI表现与研究价值

目的通过分析肝脏不同肿瘤性病变中央瘢痕的CT及MRI表现,探讨中央瘢痕对肝脏肿瘤性病变的诊断与鉴别诊断意义。方法回顾性分析我院近两年来经CT和(或)MRI检查的173例肝脏肿瘤,其中具有中央瘢痕者59例:肝血管瘤14例、局灶性结节增生(FNH)32例、纤维板层型肝癌(FLHCC)11例、肝细胞肝癌(HCC)和肝转移癌各1例。结果含中央瘢痕的血管瘤和FLHCC通常直径5cm,FNH直径多数5cm。FNH中央瘢痕较小、典型表现呈"星芒状",平扫:CT表现为低密度、MRI呈长T_1长T_2信号,增强扫描延迟强化;FLHCC中央瘢痕大而宽、可达病灶边缘,平扫:CT表现为低密度、MRI各序列均呈低信号,增强扫描无强化或轻度延迟强化;巨大血管瘤中央瘢痕形态多样,平扫:CT表现为更低密度,MRI呈长T_1长T_2信号,增强扫描无强化;HCC中央瘢痕延迟扫描无强化;转移癌的中央瘢痕类似液化、坏死,增强后无明显强化。结论中央瘢痕的不同形态及特征性强化方式结合瘤体主体的强化特征对肝脏肿瘤的定性和鉴别具有非常重要的参考价值。     

脊柱区淋巴瘤的MRI特征

目的 分析脊柱区淋巴瘤的MRI表现,以提高对其的认识.方法 回顾性分析经手术及穿刺病理或临床随访证实的脊柱区淋巴瘤45例,其中原发性5例,均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL);继发性4|D例,其中霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)9例,NHL 31例(B细胞型27例,T细胞型4例).将MRI表现与临床、病理结果进行对照.结果 (1)病变部位:单部位发病者13例,多部位发病者32例.5例原发性者均为单部位发病,继发性者40例中32例为多发.(2)病变类型:骨质破坏型27例,表现为不同程度的骨质破坏,23例合并有软组织肿块,18例软组织病变的范围超过骨质破坏的范围;软组织肿块型6例,骨质破坏不明显,5例表现为椎管内外软组织肿块并经椎间孔相连,呈围椎、钻孔生长的特点;骨髓浸润型9例,表现为椎骨髓质MRI信号异常,骨皮质完整,椎旁软组织正常;脊髓浸润型3例,表现为脊髓增粗和MRI信号异常.(3)MRI表现:椎骨骨质破坏和骨髓浸润表现为T1WI低信号,T2WI低、等或高信号,压脂T2WI高信号.软组织肿块与相邻正常肌肉相比,T1WI呈均匀低信号,T2WI呈高信号.增强扫描肿块多呈轻至中度强化,坏死液化不明显.结论 脊柱区淋巴瘤多为继发性B细胞NHL,其主要表现是溶骨性骨质破坏伴较大范围的软组织肿块,肿块有经椎间孔相连围椎、钻孔生长的特点,增强扫描呈轻至中度均匀强化.     

MRI在腮腺良性肿瘤中的诊断价值

目的:探讨腮腺良性肿瘤的MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析23例(27个病灶)经手术病理证实的腮腺良性肿瘤患者的MRI资料,并与手术病理结果进行对照。结果:23例中多形性腺瘤9例,腺淋巴瘤8例(12个病灶),囊性淋巴管瘤3例,血管瘤、基底细胞腺瘤和脂肪瘤各1例。肿瘤大部分形态较规则,与正常腮腺组织分界清;9例多形性腺瘤中7例位于腮腺浅叶,2例位于深叶;于T_1WI上呈等信号,T_2WI上呈高信号,增强后有较明显强化。8例腺淋巴瘤在T_1WI上呈稍低信号,T_2WI上呈等低信号,增强后轻度强化。3例囊性淋巴管瘤均呈多房囊性病灶,形态不规则。1例血管瘤信号不均匀,呈明显长T_1、长T_2信号,静脉注射Gd-DTPA后病变强化明显,并可见异常增粗的血管结构。1例基底细胞腺瘤,来源于腮腺深叶,T_1WI呈欠均匀等低信号,T_2WI呈明显不均匀高信号,增强后呈轻中度强化。1例脂肪瘤在T_1WI及T_2WI上均表现为明显高信号。本组病例MRI定位和定性诊断符合率分别为95.7%和82.6%。结论:腮腺良性肿瘤的MRI表现有一定特征性,MRI在腮腺良性肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断中有较高的临床应用价值。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.