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1.
目的比较在压力控制通气(PCV)与容量控制通气(VCV)模式下吸痰对患者气体交换和呼吸力学的影响。方法采取自身交叉对照的方法,在PCV和VCV模式下分别对23例机械通气患者进行开放式吸痰,比较不同时间点气体交换、呼吸力学及血流动力学等指标的变化。结果在PCV模式下,吸痰后30min潮气量、顺应性分别为(6.60±1.95)mL/kg、(18±7)ml/cmH2O(1cmH2O=0.098kPa),与基础水平[(9.05±0.22)mL/kg、(24±6)ml/cmH2O]比较差异有统计学意义(F值分别为8.47、8.01,P均〈0.05);而30min时动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)分别为[(87±13)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)、(53±11)mmHg],与0min[(113±22)mmHg、(41±10)mmHg]比较差异有统计学意义(,值分别为6.18、9.13,P均〈0.05);在VCV模式下,吸痰后30min顺应性、气道平台压、气道峰压分别为[(18±7)ml/cmH2O、(27±8)cmH2O、(33±8)cmH2O],与基础水平[(23±7)ml/cmH2O、(22±5)cmH2O、(27±8)cmH2O]比较差异有统计学意义(,值分别为6.83、6.97、7.08,P均〈0.05);而30min时PaO2、PaCO2分别为(105±26)mmHg、(38±11)mmHg,与0min[(109±21)mmHg、(37±14)mmHg]比较差异无统计学意义(F值分别为1.88、1.32,P均〉0.05);在PCV模式下,吸痰后5min心率、平均动脉压(MAP)分别为(109±20)次/min、(89±10)mmHg,与基础水平[(97±17)次/min、(83±12)mmHg]比较差异有统计学意义(F值分别为5.86、9.49,P均〈0.05)。在VCV模式下,吸痰后5min心率、MAP分别为(110±17)次/min、(87±11)mmHg,与基础水平[(96±17)次/min、(79±11)mmHg]比较差异有统计学意义(F值分别为7.33、7.96,P均〈0.05)。结论吸痰在PCV和VCV模式下均引起患者气体交换受损和顺应性下降,但对气体交换的影响在PCV模式下比VCV更严重和持久。  相似文献   

2.
目的 探索与评估家庭无创正压机械通气(HNPPV)联合呼吸操对稳定期重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的疗效.方法 将56例经住院治疗处于稳定期的重度COPD患者分为呼吸操+HNPPV组(治疗组)26例和无创呼吸机组(对照组)30例.分别记录治疗前、治疗后2年两组患者的动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、肺功能、6分钟行走距离(6MWD)、呼吸困难分级、辅助呼吸肌评分、年住院次数及病死率等指标.结果 治疗前治疗组与对照组的年龄、性别、COPD病程、体质量指数、PaCO2、PaO2、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%pred)、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC%)、6MWD、呼吸困难分级、辅助呼吸肌评分、每年住院次数均具有可比性.2年后治疗组呼吸困难分级、辅助呼吸肌评分、6MWD、每年住院次数,优于对照组[(1.76±0.52)分vs(2.09±0.57)分、(2.44±0.62)分vs(2.96±0.58)分、(262.64±32.98)m vs(244.25±25.83)m、(2.06±0.85)次/年vs(2.62±0.92)次/年],差异均具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),治疗组死亡1例(1/26),对照组死亡2例(2/30),两组病死率比较差异无统计学意义(x2=0.02).结论 长期应用HNPPV联合呼吸操锻炼对稳定期重度COPD患者的康复更加有效.  相似文献   

3.
目的研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者机械通气时对外源性呼气末正压的生理学反应规律,揭示反应个体化特点。方法随机选取2005年1月至2006年6月由急诊室收入我院呼吸科重症监护室的COPD急性加重期患者15例,仰卧位经口气管插管后接Evita 4呼吸机(德国Draeger公司),采用容量控制通气对受试者序贯给予相当于内源性呼气末正压水平20%、40%、60%、80%、100%、120%的外源性呼气末正压,每次给予外源性呼气末正压后均测量气道阻力、呼吸系统顺应性、气道平台压、总呼气末正压水平。根据施加外源性呼气末正压后患者气道平台压的变化,将15例患者分为正常反应组(11例),反常反应组(4例),对两组间各参数进行比较。结果15例患者当外源性呼气末正压为80%、内源性呼气末正压为100%水平时的气道阻力分别为(18.5±2.0)cmH2O·L^-1·s^-1(1cmH2O=0.098kPa)、(18.0±2.2)cmH2O·L^-1·s^-1,与外源性呼气末正压为0时的气道阻力[(23.0±2.9)cmH2O·L^-1·s^-1]比较差异有统计学意义(t值分别为5.36、6.27,P均〈0.01);当外源性呼气末正压为120%内源性呼气末正压水平时,气道阻力和总呼气末正压水平分别为(17.3±2.1)cmH2O·L^-1·s^-1、(12.7±2.2)cmH2O,与外源性呼气末正压为0时[(23.0±2.9)cmH2O·L^-1·s^-1、(10.0±1.1)cmH2O]比较差异有统计学意义(t值分别为6.79、-3.90,P均〈0.01)。正常反应组患者基础生理学参数(外源性呼气末正压为0时)内源性呼气末正压水平、气道阻力、呼吸系统顺应性、气道平台压分别为(10.0±1.0)cmH2O、(22.8±1.9)cmH2O·L^-1·s^-1、(39±6)ml/cmH2O、(20±4)cmH2O,与反常反应组[(10.0±1.4)cmH2O、(23.1±4.1)cmH2O·L^-1·s^-1、(42±9)ml/cmH2O、(21±3)cmH2O]比较差异无统计学意义(t值分别为0.03、0.10、0.60、0.15,P均〉0.05);正常反应组患者在外源性呼气末正压分别为40%、80%、100%、120%内源性呼气末正压时,△Ppla140,△Pplat80,△Pplat100,△Pplat120分别为(-0.020±0.970)cmH2O、(1.6±1.0)cmH2O、(4.0±2.9)cmH2O、(6.4±3.3)cmH2O,与反常反应组[(-7.500±0.920)cmH2O、(-4.4±1.4)cmH2O、(-3.8±1.9)cmH2O、(-1.6±1.2)cmH2O]比较差异有统计学意义(t值分别为-9.64、-5.90、-3.80、-3.92,P均〈0.01)。结论提示部分无自主呼吸的被动机械通气患者应用外源性呼气末正压是有益的,可以使患者气道平台压显著下降。  相似文献   

4.
Zhong YQ  Zhu J  Guo JN  Yan R  Li HJ  Lin YH  Zeng ZY 《中华内科杂志》2007,46(11):899-902
目的 观察马来酸曲美布汀片(曲美布汀)治疗功能性消化不良(FD)与腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS—D)重叠的疗效和不良反应。方法 采用随机、病例对照的前瞻性研究,129例患者随机分为A组(曲美布汀和地衣芽孢杆菌)、B组(曲美布汀)和C组(地衣芽孢杆菌)。各症状采用分级记分进行描述,疗效评价参照症状积分的变化。结果 A、B组治疗前后的评分,分别为腹胀[A组(4.55±0.85)分,(1.26±0.52)分;B组(4.36±0.66)分,(1.48±0.61)分]、早饱[A组(4.05±0.96)分,(1.01±0.51)分;B组(3.89±0.81)分,(1.25±0.76)分]、腹痛[A组(9.26±0.68)分,(0.68±0.43)分;B组(9.57±1.60)分,(0.76±0.54)分],症状总积分[A组(20.00±1.25)分,(3.06±0.91)分;B组(19.05±2.28)分,(3.89±2.12)分],治疗后较治疗前均有显著下降(P〈0.05),而C组治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05);3组治疗前后的腹泻评分[A组(4.78±0.76),(0.65±0.53);B组(4.13±0.65),(1.25±0.62);C组(4.65±0.88),(1.45±0.70)]均有显著性下降(P〈0.05)。治疗4周后,腹胀、早饱、腹痛的评分和症状总积分,A、B组与C组比较,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。A、B组的各症状的疗效和总疗效均优于C组(P〈0.05)。3组的费用一效果比(C/E)分别为4.07、1.19、6.65,以B组最佳。A、B组的不良反应发生率分别为22.9%和23.7%,主要为轻度的口干和便秘。结论 曲美布汀治疗FD与IBS—D重叠的患者,具有疗效高,价廉,不良反应少的特点。  相似文献   

5.
经鼻(面)罩通气治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征   总被引:46,自引:0,他引:46  
目的评价经鼻(面)罩机械通气治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ABDS)的疗效。方法16例ARDS患者分为感染组(7例)和非感染组(9例),前者呼吸频率(RR)(46±5)次/分,动脉血pH、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、氧合指数(OI)分别为7.49±0.05、(32±4)mmHg、(144±23)mmHg;后者为(41±6)次/分、7.49±0.13、(32±5)mmHg、(156±51)mmHg,经鼻(面)罩选择压力支持通气(PSV)+呼气末正压(PEEP)。结果通气2-8h,与通气前比较感染组RR为(45±7)次/分,P>0.05,OI升至(195±30)mmHg,P<0.05;非感染组相应为(35±4)次/分和(228±90)mmHg(P<0.05)。10例治愈,治愈率分别有29%(2/7)和89%(8/9)。结论 经鼻罩机械通气可作为治疗非感染性因素诱发的ARDS 的首选通气方式,而在感染患者应及早建立人工气道。  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨高碳酸血症对急性肺损伤模型的保护作用及可能的机制。方法24只新西兰兔按随机数字表法分为对照组、治疗组、预防组,每组8只。采用脂多糖静脉注射复制肺损伤模型,观察3组兔血流动力学、血气指标的变化;检测肺组织湿/干重(W/D)比、光镜、肺损伤组织学定量评价指标(IQA)来评估肺脏的损伤程度。通过对肺组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、丙二醛(MDA)及血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF—α)浓度及中性粒细胞凋亡率的测定,阐明高碳酸血症对肺损伤保护的可能机制。结果(1)治疗组、预防组在模型形成后平均动脉压、心率、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、动脉血氧分压/吸入气氧浓度(PaO2/FiO2)分别为(79±6)mm Hg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)、(180±10)次/min、(99±13)mmHg、250±26,(80±9)mmHg、(181±12)次/min、(95±11)mmHg、241±56,与对照组[(66±10)mmHg、(139±13)次/min、(31±4)mmHg、182±35]比较差异有统计学意义(t值分别为4.05、26.32、5.36、28.15、12.54、11.07、16.13、12.36。P均分别〈0.05、0.01);(2)治疗组、预防组W/D、NPO、MDA分别为1.98±0.28、1.87±0.30、(6.1±1.6)U/g、(5.8±1.5)U/g、(20±5)mg/L、(19±4)mg/L,与对照组[2.43±0.26、(9.0±1.3)U/g、(36±8)mg/L]比较差异有统计学意义(t值分别为11.07、24.46、2.35、9.63,12.34、25.32,P分别〈0.05、0.01);(3)治疗组、预防组血清和BALF中IL-8、TNF—α、中性粒细胞凋亡率分别为(50±8)ng/ml、(103±49)ng/ml、(94±16)ng/ml、(44±9)ng/ml、(38±9)%、(56±5)%、(49±7)ng/ml、(96±50)ng/ml、(91±14)ng/ml、(39±6)ng/ml、(39±10)%、(55±10)%,与对照组[(91±43)ng/ml、(177±60)ng/ml、(162±15)ng/ml、(67±7)ng/ml、(19±7)%、(43±7)%]比较差异有统计学意义(t值分别为7.12、5.55、7.30、3.93、13.08、8.00,P分别〈0.05、0.01);(4)各组血清及BALF中IL-8、TNF—α与中性粒细胞凋亡率呈负相关(r值分别为-0.73、-0.72、-0.52、-0.64、-0.73、-0.56、-0.57、-0.78、-0.69、-0.75、-0.82、-0.84,P均〈0.05)。结论高碳酸血症对急性肺损伤具有保护作用,对血流动力学无明显影响。  相似文献   

7.
尚玉龙  罗为  陆娟 《临床肺科杂志》2009,14(9):1151-1152
目的探索无创正压机械通气(NPPV)长期家庭治疗重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者的治疗作用。方法将40例经住院治疗处于稳定期的重度COPD患者,分为治疗组(常规治疗+NPPV)20例和对照组(常规治疗)20例。分别记录治疗前、治疗2年后的肺功能、动脉血气、6min行走距离(6MWO);病死率及每年住院次数等指标。结果治疗组与对照组的年龄、性别、身高、体重、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、6MWD、每年住院次数均具有可比性(t值分别为0.42、3.84、0.29、0.42、0.29、0.32、1.01、1.65、0.38、0.23,P均〉0.05)。2年后治疗组死亡5例,对照组死亡8例,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ^2=3.84,P〉0.05)。2年后治疗组PaO2、PaCO2、6MWD、每年住院次数与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为0.29、7.25、0.32、6.26、1.01、6.2、1.65、3.44、0.38、3.02、0.23、7.62,P均〈0.05)。结论长期家庭无创正压机械通气对有选择性稳定期重度COPD患者治疗作用较为肯定。  相似文献   

8.
付群 《山东医药》2007,47(31):51-52
106例呼吸衰竭患者在接受基础治疗的同时采用无创正压机械通气(NIPPV)治疗。吸气峰压为(15.4±6.1)cmH2O,呼气末压(4.6±0.6)cmH2O。每日通气时间(7.2±3.2)h,用机(8.8±3.5)d。结果NIP-PV总有效率为77.4%。不同病种的有效率由高到低依次为:COPD、支气管哮喘、肺炎、ARDS、肺结核、间质性肺病、肺癌。NIPPV治疗时间与动脉血气PaO2呈负相关,与PaCO2呈正相关。认为NIPPV适用于各种病因所致呼吸衰竭的治疗,且早期应用有利于提高患者治疗的成功率。  相似文献   

9.
坎地沙坦加氢氯噻嗪对轻中度高血压的疗效和安全性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的评价坎地沙坦加氢氯噻嗪(复方坎地沙坦酯片)对原发性高血压的降压疗效和安全性。方法对原发性高血压患者经过2周清洗期后,进入坎地沙坦酯片8mg单药治疗期,对4周后血压未达标者(达标血压为〈140/90mmHg),以随机、双盲双模拟、平行对照、多中心试验方法,分别服复方坎地沙坦酯片(坎地沙坦酯16.0mg/氢氯噻嗪12.5mg)或坎地沙坦酯片16mg单药治疗8周。结果经过2周清洗期,共有392例进入单药治疗期,坎地沙坦酯8mg单药治疗(n=353)2周后,血压下降值(10.2±0.6)/(6.5±5.7)mmHg;4周的下降值为(10.8±10.9)/(6.6±6.1)mmHg,4周血压达标率为15.3%(54/353例),组内比较,差异有非常显著意义(P〈0.01)。在以后8周随机双盲对照期,复方坎地沙坦酯组(134例)与坎地沙坦酯单药组(142例)4周时的血压分别下降为(9.3±11.7)/(8.7±6.2)和(5.4±10.8)/(5.4±6.1)mmHg;8周时为(11.1±11.2)/(10.7±6.6)和(7.8±11.1)/(7.8±6.3)mmHg(组内及组间比较P〈O.01)。随机期4周时联合治疗组血压达标率分别为64.9%(87/134),单药组为39.4%(56/142),8周时分别为79.9%(107/134)和51.4%(73/142)(组间比较P〈0.01)。不良反应事件,在单药治疗期为6.2%(22/353),复方坎地沙坦组为2.9%(4/134),坎地沙坦酯组2.8%(4/142),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论复方坎地沙坦酯片较之单用坎地沙坦对原发性高血压患者有较好的降压效果和耐受性。  相似文献   

10.
硫化氢在大鼠急性支气管哮喘模型中的变化及意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的观察卵白蛋白(OVA)诱导的大鼠急性支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)模型,内源性硫化氢(H2S)生成的变化以及应用外源性硫氢化钠(NaHS,H2S供体)处理对哮喘大鼠的影响,探讨气体信号分子H2S在哮喘发病中的作用。方法24只健康SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组、哮喘组和NaHS干预组,每组8只。致敏后28d测定所有大鼠肺功能并观察大鼠支气管周围炎性细胞浸润程度并进行评分;采用敏感硫电极测定血浆及肺组织H2S的生成量;采用酶促反应法测定大鼠肺组织匀浆中胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶(CSE)活性;用Western blot法测定大鼠肺组织中CSE蛋白含量(每组3只)。结果哮喘组大鼠呼气峰流量(PEF)、血浆及肺组织中H2S分别为(2.90±0.70)L/s、(10±3)、(4.9±1.3)μmoL/L,对照组分别为(6.50±0.10)L/s、(54±10)、(24.1±8.0)μmoL/L,NaHS干预组大鼠分别为(5.70±0.50)L/s、(17±4)、(15.3±4.0)μmol/L,3组间比较差异有统计学意义(F值分别为112.13、110.10、27.34,P均〈0.01);哮喘组大鼠肺组织匀浆每毫克蛋白中CSE活性和肺组织匀浆中CSE蛋白含量[用相对吸光度(A)值表示]分别为(1.00±0.10)nmol·min^-1·mg^-1、0.20±0.10,正常对照组分别为(1.80±0.10)nmo]·min^-1·mg^-1、0.90±0.30,NaHS干预组大鼠分别为(1.60±0.20)nmo]·min^-1·mg^-1、1.10±0.20,3组间比较差异有统计学意义(F值分别为79.39、12.28,P均〈0.05);光镜下支气管周围炎性细胞浸润程度评分[用中位数(四分位数)]表示,正常对照组为1(0~1)分,哮喘组为3(2~4)分,NaHS干预组为1(1~2)分,3组间比较差异有统计学意义(H=16.93,P〈0.01);哮喘组肺组织H2S含量与PEF呈正相关(r=0.74,P〈0.01);与光镜下支气管周围炎性细胞浸润程度评分呈负相关(r=-0.64,P〈0.01)。结论内源性H2S参与了大鼠急性哮喘发病过程,外源性NaHS可以减轻哮喘气道炎症,对哮喘急性发病起到保护作用。  相似文献   

11.
目的观察家庭无创正压通气(HNPPV)治疗对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的疗效.方法选取稳定期COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者60例,根据有无长期HNPPV通气分为观察组32例及对照组28例,2组患者均给予常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用HNPPV.2组患者入组前及治疗1年时均测定动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1占预计值百分比(FEV1%pred)、FEV1/FVC、6分钟步行距离(6MWD),采用改良英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表(mMRC)进行呼吸困难评估,采用COPD评估测试(CAT)问卷进行症状评估.记录1年内因COPD急性加重的住院次数.结果观察组与对照组治疗后比较,PaO2显著升高(t=3.02,P<0.01),PaCO2显著降低(t=-9.52,P<0.01),FVC显著增高(t=2.5,P<0.05),6MWD显著增高(t=12.86,P<0.01),mMRC、CAT问卷、住院次数显著降低(t=-4.76、-2.14、-10.41,P值均<0.05).结论稳定期COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者在一般治疗的基础上加用HNPPV,可以纠正低氧血症和CO2潴留,改善肺功能,提高运动耐量,减轻临床症状,减少住院次数.  相似文献   

12.
肺移植对5例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的研究单肺移植手术治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)对呼吸生理及肺功能的影响。方法5例患者均为Ⅳ级COPD男性患者,年龄51~63岁。术前2周测定患者用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1/FVC、最大通气量(MVV)、残气容积(RV)、肺总量(TLC)、残总比(RV/TLC)、深吸气量(IC)、胸腔气体容积(TGV)、呼气峰流量(PEF)、总气道阻力(Rawtotal)、肺一氧化碳弥散量(DLCO)、每升肺泡容积肺一氧化碳弥散量(DLCO/V·A)、6分钟行走距离(6MWD)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、肺泡气动脉血氧分压差[P(Aa)O2]、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)及平均肺动脉压(mPAP)等参数。术后2个月再行上述测定。结果5例患者术前2周、术后2个月检测的参数为MVV(23.6±5.8)、(71.6±21.8)L,FEV1(0.68±0.21)、(1.85±0.46)L,FEV1/FVC(37.4±8.3)、(75.6±13.9)%,PaO2(60.0±9.1)、(86.2±2.9)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),SaO2(90.0±4.6)%、(96.8±0.5)%及mPAP(31.2±5.5)、(16.6±1.8)mmHg,均有显著改善(P均<0.05);3例患者IC[(1.16±0.26)、(1.83±0.35)L]、TGV[(6.52±0.27)、(4.52±0.29)L]、RV[(5.12±0.39)、(3.20±0.32)L]、RV/TLC[(71.0±5.6)、(51.3±2.5)%]及Rawtotal[(6.62±0.99)、(2.48±0.87)cmH2O·L-1·s-1]改善显著(P均<0.05);4例患者PEF[(1.65±0.40)、(3.92±1.63)L/s]、DLCO[(8.5±3.0)、(21.0±6.2)ml·min-1·mmHg-1]及6MWD[(46.8±14.7)、(246.8±51.9)m]也显著增加(P均<0.05);FVC[(1.85±0.40)、(2.45±0.49)L]、TLC[(7.19±0.15)、(6.26±0.73)L]、DLCO/V·A[(2.90±1.50)、(5.41±0.87)L·min-1·mmHg-1]、P(Aa)O2[(37.6±16.3)、(17.8±6.3)mmHg]及PaCO2[(44.6±7.7)、(37.4±3.4)mmHg]有所改善,但差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论COPD患者肺移植术后肺通气、气道阻力、残气、弥散、运动耐力及气体交换功能均明显改善。  相似文献   

13.
Oxygen (O2) has been reported to improve exercise tolerance in some patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) despite only mild resting hypoxemia (PaO2 greater than 60 mm Hg). To confirm these prior studies and evaluate potential mechanisms of benefit, we measured dyspnea scores by numeric rating scale during cycle ergometry endurance testing and correlated the severity of dyspnea with right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) measured by Doppler echocardiography during a separate supine incremental exercise test. Both sets of exercise were performed according to a randomized double-blind crossover protocol in which patients breathed compressed air or 40% O2. We studied 12 patients with severe COPD (FEV1 0.89 +/- 0.09 L [mean +/- SEM], FEV1/FVC 37 +/- 2%, DLCO 9.8 +/- 1.5 ml/min/mm Hg[47% of predicted], PaO2 71 +/- 2.6 mm Hg). With endurance testing on compressed air, PaO2 did not change significantly in the group as whole (postexercise PaO2 63 +/- 5.1 mm Hg, p = NS), but did fall to less than 55 mm Hg in four patients from this group. Duration of exercise increased on 40% O2 from 10.3 +/- 1.6 to 14.2 +/- 1.5 min (p = 0.005), and the rise in dyspnea scores was delayed. Oxygen delayed the rise in RVSP with incremental exercise in all patients and lowered the mean RVSP at maximum exercise from 71 +/- 8 to 64 +/- 7 mm Hg (p less than 0.03). Improvement in duration of exercise correlated with decrease in dyspnea (r2 = 0.66, p = 0.001) but not with decreases in heart rate, minute ventilation, or RVSP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

14.
影响慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者预后因素的探讨   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
目的探讨影响慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者预后的因素。方法对1977年7月~1992年6月住院的88例COPD患者进行5~20年随访。88例患者中吸烟者占77%,从事厨房劳动女性13%。首诊均经右心漂浮导管检测,肺动脉平均压(mPAP)<20mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)。在随访期进行肺通气功能、血压、心电、血流动力学、夜间动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)等监测,每5年重复一次。结果20年随访共死亡38例,病死率5年为6%、10年为25%、20年为43%。肺通气功能及动脉血氧分压逐年下降,二氧化碳分压逐年上升,首诊时mPAP为16~20mmHg的41例中,10年随访复查20例mPAP>20mmHg,15例死亡。夜间SaO2下降者(16/30)中,mPAP>20mmHg者8例,死亡6例。88例患者痰中培养出致病菌57株,死亡者占43株。结论吸烟、厨房油烟污染、反复呼吸道感染、夜间SaO2下降,mPAP>16mmHg为影响COPD预后的危险因子。  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate risk factors in medically treated patients with chronic pulmonary embolism (CPE) who are not suitable candidates for definitive surgical therapy. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 53 consecutive patients with angiographically confirmed CPE were involved. Four patients underwent pulmonary endarterectomy, and 49 patients received continuous anticoagulation therapy and were followed up over an average period of 18.7 months (range, 6 to 72 months). RESULTS: Sixteen patients died during the follow-up period, mostly from progressive right ventricle failure. Among the nonsurvivors, 12.5% had distal CPE and 87.5% had proximal CPE (p = 0.03). The survivors had a higher (mean +/- SD) level of PaO(2) (59.3 +/- 11 mm Hg) than the nonsurvivors (50.8 +/- 9 mm Hg; p = 0.02), a lower mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP; 30.3 +/- 15 mm Hg vs 51 +/- 21 mm Hg; p = 0.0004), a lower hematocrit value (40.0 +/- 6 vs 44.2 +/- 6; p = 0.03), and better exercise tolerance (4.8 +/- 3 multiples of resting O(2) consumption [METs] vs 2.5 +/- 1 METs; p = 0.02) achieved during the maximal symptom-limited exercise. The patients with coexisting COPD had a higher mortality rate (62.5%) than those without COPD (37.5%; p = 0.04). Independent risk factors in the Cox analysis were as follows: mPAP (p = 0.04), exercise tolerance (p = 0.02), and COPD (p = 0.04). In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the patient group with lower mortality achieved > 2 METs (p = 0.02) and had mPAP < 30 mm Hg (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The prognosis for the medically treated CPE patients, particularly those with pulmonary hypertension, was unfavorable. The prognostic factors for these patients were mPAP, coexistence of COPD, and severe exercise intolerance.  相似文献   

16.
It may be assumed that pulmonary hypertension due to apnea related desaturations during sleep develops earlier in the natural course of the overlap syndrome (OS) than in patients with COPD only. We aimed to verify this hypothesis by comparing pulmonary haemodynamics in COPD patients and patients with OS with similar severity of airway limitation and of pulmonary gas exchange. We studied pulmonary haemodynamics in 17 males with OS--group I (mean AHI 63.9 +/- 18.9), and in 20 males with COPD--group II. Both groups were age (I = 51.4 +/- 8.3 years, II = 53.7 +/- 7.7 years), FVC (I = 2.7 +/- 0.7 L, II = 2.9 +/- 0.6 L), FEV1 (I = 1.5 +/- 0.7 L, II = 1.3 +/- 0.3 L), PaO2 (I = 56.9 +/- 9.5 mm Hg, II = = 61.7 +/- 14.6 mm Hg) and PaCO2 (I = 46.9 +/- 9.8 mm Hg, II = 48.3 +/- 6.6 mm Hg) matched. Haemodynamic measurements were performed at rest and in 7th minute of exercise if 40 Watts using Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter. Both groups presented with similar severity of pulmonary hypertension at rest (mean PPA = 24.2 +/- 7.4 mm Hg in OS and 24.3 +/- 9.2 mm Hg in COPD) and on exercise (mean PPA 41.2 +/- 15.1 mm Hg in OS and 44.5 +/- 11.5 mm Hg in COPD). COPD patients had higher PVR than OS (335 +/- 138 d.s.cm-5 versus 229 +/- 97 d.s.cm-5, p < 0.005). We concluded that pulmonary hypertension in OS patients is not more advanced than in COPD patients with matched ventilatory and gas exchange impairment.  相似文献   

17.
Previous studies have shown that opiates increase the maximal external work performed at exhaustion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanism responsible for this improvement in exercise tolerance is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an oral morphine solution (0.8 mg/kg) on the exercise tolerance, perception of dyspnea, and arterial blood gases of patients with COPD. Thirteen eucapnic patients with stable COPD (FEV1 = 0.99 +/- 0.48) underwent duplicate incremental cycle ergometer tests to exhaustion (Emax) after the ingestion of placebo and after the ingestion of morphine. After the ingestion of morphine, the maximal workload increased by 18% (p less than 0.001) and the VO2 increased by 19.3% (p less than 0.001). Ten of the 13 patients had a higher ventilation at Emax after morphine ingestion. Despite the higher ventilation at Emax after morphine, the mean Borg score was not significantly higher. At Emax after morphine ingestion, the PaO2 (65.8 +/- 11.6 mm Hg) was significantly lower and the PaCO2 (43.5 +/- 8.3 mm Hg) was significantly higher than at Emax after placebo (71.9 +/- 15.5 and 38.3 +/- 8.5, respectively). When data at the highest equivalent workload were analyzed, the ventilation and the Borg scores were significantly lower, whereas the VO2 and VCO2 were comparable. From this study, we conclude that the administration of opiates can substantially increase the exercise capacity of patients with COPD. The improved exercise tolerance appears to be related to both a higher PaCO2 resulting in lowered ventilation requirements for a given workload and also to a reduced perception of breathlessness for a given level of ventilation.  相似文献   

18.
Hypoxemic threshold for lung ventilation in the toad   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
The relationship between the activity of the buccal force pump, expressed as the time integral of positive buccal pressure, and PaO2 was investigated in conscious toads, Bufo marinus, unidirectionally ventilated at a high flow rate (240-260 ml/min). The high ventilatory flow rate meant that PaO2 was largely independent of the animal's ventilatory activity so that the relationship between pulmonary ventilation and PaO2 was effectively open-loop. The hypoxemic threshold (PaO2) for lung ventilation was 54.2 mm Hg in hypocapnia (PaCO2 = 4.7 +/- 0.3 mm Hg), 82.6 mm Hg in normocapnia (PaCO2 = 11.6 +/- 0.2 mm Hg), and 137.9 mm Hg in hypercapnia (PaCO2 = 20.1 +/- 0.1 mm Hg). Unidirectional ventilation with 20% O2 in N2, a condition in which the toads were normoxic but hypocapnic, stopped pulmonary ventilation cycles. Taken with existing evidence that hyperoxia stops pulmonary ventilation even under conditions in which PaCO2 is elevated this suggests that hypoxic and hypercapnic stimuli summate to drive lung ventilation in the toad. Bilateral denervation of the carotid labyrinths decreased pulmonary ventilation in absolute terms, but did not reduce the proportionate increase in pulmonary ventilation in response to normocapnic hypoxia, suggesting that chemoreceptors within the carotid labyrinth may contribute to, but are not solely responsible for, the hypoxemic ventilatory drive.  相似文献   

19.
With the aim of testing a method that allows increasing concentrations of oxygen to be administered to patients with severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia while avoiding the risk of increasing respiratory acidosis, we studied 17 male patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe hypercapnic respiratory failure. During 6 h and on one day only, all patients were given intermittent negative pressure ventilation (INPV) together with oxygenation starting at a concentration of 24 percent and increasing to 30 percent. Using this procedure, it was possible to raise arterial PaO2 to safe levels (from 47.2 +/- 3 mm Hg to 61.5 +/- 6 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) without increasing hypercapnia, and a significant drop in PaCO2 levels (from 74.4 +/- 9 mm Hg to 65.6 +/- 12 mm Hg, p less than 0.005) was even observed. One hour after INPV ended, the mean values of PaO2, PaCO2, oxygen saturation, and pH were also significantly better than prestudy values. We conclude that INPV and oxygen therapy with increasing oxygen flow could constitute an alternative option to intubation and mechanical ventilation in cases of severe hypercapnic respiratory failure due to advanced COPD.  相似文献   

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