血浆灌流治疗急性中毒对血液系统的影响

目的：比较血浆灌流与全血灌流治疗急性毒物或药物中毒对血液系统的影响和副作用。方法：分别采用血浆灌流和全血灌流治疗急性药物或毒物中毒，并观察血液系统指标、生命体征的变化及副作用的发生率。结果：本组资料结果显示，血浆灌流治疗前后血液细胞成分减少无统计学意义，而全血灌流治疗前后血液细胞成分减少有统计学意义；治疗后二组间比较其血液细胞成分减少有统计学意义；血浆灌流副作用的发生率较全血灌流少。结论：血浆灌液较全血灌流治疗对血液细胞成分影响小，且副作用少，有利于防止血液细胞成分减少，更适合于有血液系统损害和出血倾向的患中毒的抢救。     

治疗尿毒症新型血液灌流吸附剂体外实验研究

目的:研制用于治疗尿毒症的新型血液灌流吸附剂,通过与已上市血液灌流产品对照研究探讨其对肌酐、尿酸和β2微球蛋白的清除效果及血液相容性。方法:通过体外血浆吸附实验研究血液灌流吸附剂对肌酐、尿酸和β2微球蛋白的清除效率,通过血浆蛋白吸附性、电解质吸附性、血细胞吸附性、溶血性以及凝血性实验评价血液灌流吸附剂的血液相容性。结果:新型HB-H-10血液灌流吸附剂对肌酐、尿酸和β2微球蛋白的吸附率分别达（40.5±2.3）%、（24.2±1.8）%和（46.9±1.3）%,与其他吸附剂相比,吸附效果具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;该吸附剂对血浆蛋白总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、白细胞、红细胞和血小板吸附率分别为（5.69±0.32）%、（4.76±0.42）%、（7.33±0.33）%、（2.88±0.32）%、（9.22±0.26）%和（11.98±0.43）%,与其他吸附剂相比,吸附效果具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;该吸附剂对血浆电解质、溶血率、凝血影响无统计学意义（均P>0.05）,具有优异的血液相容性。结论:研制的新型HB-H-10吸附剂可作为血液灌流吸附剂治疗尿毒症,达到该产品更新换代和升级的效果。     

HB-H-7树脂用于内毒素吸附的体外实验研究

目的:体外实验探讨使用HB-H-7树脂血浆灌流吸附内毒素的有效性和安全性.方法:静态吸附实验:取内毒素阳性病人血浆10 ml、树脂1 ml(树脂与血浆按体积比1:10比例混合),置37℃恒温水浴震荡2 h,震荡前后测定血浆内毒素、蛋白质和电解质浓度,计算吸附率;动态吸附实验:取内毒素阳性病人血浆50ml,将HB-H-7树脂5 ml置入-自制灌流器中,以输液泵控制血浆流速为4 ml/min进行血浆灌流,灌流时间为2 h,灌流前及灌流30、60和120min取样测定血浆内毒素浓度,计算吸附率并与静态吸附实验比较.用紫外分光光度计扫描树脂浸液上清,测定溶出物.结果:HB-H-7树脂吸附后,血浆中的内毒素含量显著降低(P<0.05);血浆中的蛋白质变化较小(P<0.05)、电解质无显著变化(P>0.05),动态吸附率高于静态吸附率(P>0.05).以紫外分光光度计检测树脂浸液的上清,结果显示基本不含有溶出物.结论:HB-H-7树脂对血浆中的内毒素有明显吸附效果,对电解质无明显影响,对蛋白质有一些影响,可以进一步进行血浆灌流治疗内毒素血症的体内研究.     

三种人工肝支持方法对肝衰竭支持效果的比较

目的: 比较物理型(血液灌流吸附)、中间型(血浆置换)及组合型(血浆置换 血液灌流吸附)人工肝支持方法对肝衰竭患者肝功能的支持效果、安全性. 方法: 75例重型肝炎肝衰竭患者分别进行血液灌流吸附(24例)、血浆置换(17例)和血浆置换 血液灌流吸附(34例)治疗,观察治疗前后患者临床症状变化,比较治疗前后肝肾功能、血常规、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶原活动度(PTa)变化. 结果: 血液灌流吸附、血浆置换及血浆置换 血液灌流吸附治疗后,患者的临床症状均有不同程度改善. 三种方法治疗后转氨酶、总胆红素(TB)、直接胆红素(DB)下降均有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),而血浆置换及血浆置换 血液灌流吸附治疗后PT、总血清蛋白(TSP)下降,PTa升高均有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01). 三种方法治疗的不良反应均较轻. 结论: 三种人工肝支持方法对重型肝炎肝衰竭患者的肝功能均有肯定的支持效果,中间型及组合型人工肝的支持效果优于物理型.     

血液灌流联合机械通气救治大剂量氯氮平中毒19例疗效分析

目的:探讨血液灌流联合机械通气治疗大剂量氯氮平中毒的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析本院ICU科在2010年7月-2014年4月收治的39例大剂量氯氮平中毒患者的临床资料,比较血液灌流组(常规治疗组加用树脂吸附血液灌流)19例与常规治疗组(机械通气和对症支持治疗)20例的临床疗效,观察比较血液灌流前后血浆氯氮平浓度、血浆N-去甲基氯氮平浓度的变化及两组恢复清醒时间、机械通气时间、升压药使用时间、住院时间及病死率等方面的差异。结果:与血液灌流前比较,血液灌流后的血浆氯氮平浓度、血浆N-去甲基氯氮平浓度均明显下降,且与血液灌流次数相关,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。血液灌流组的恢复清醒时间、机械通气时间、升压药使用时间及住院时间均明显短于常规治疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而两组病死率无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:血液灌流联合机械通气治疗大剂量氯氮平中毒,患者恢复清醒时间、机械通气时间、升压药使用时间和住院时间均缩短,适用于抢救大剂量氯氮平中毒的患者,值得临床推广。     

血浆灌流吸附胆红素治疗梗塞性黄疸凝血机制的动力学观察

目的：探讨血浆灌流吸附胆红素治疗梗塞性黄疸过程中止凝血机制的变化特性，以指导临床行灌流吸附术。方法：于灌流前、灌流开始后15、30、60、120min取全血测定电解质、血常规，凝血3项，观察比较变化曲线。结果：电解质、血常规与凝血功能均有所减低。结论：在进行灌流吸附治疗时密切观察凝血指标，对提高治疗的安全性和有效性有重要意义。     

胆红素吸附柱联合血液灌流器的吸附系统治疗高胆红素血症的效果

目的：考察胆红素吸附柱联合血液灌流器的吸附系统治疗高胆红素血症的临床效果、护理方式与安全性。方法本文回顾性分析昆明医科大学附属延安医院在2012年9月~2013年12月收治的30例高胆红素血症患者,所有患者在药物综合治疗的基础上接受了这种组合式的治疗方法,患者的血液经过血浆分离器分离出血浆后经血液灌流器（MG-350）吸附后再通过胆红素吸附柱回输至体内。观察和检测患者治疗前后的症状、体征、肝功能、凝血酶原活性、血常规、电解质、炎性因子及治疗中发生的并发症。结果30例患者接受该吸附系统治疗后其体内的总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、总胆汁酸的下降幅度为（189.93±95.14）、（106.57±60.71）、（87.81±58.39）、（64.84±26.30）μmol/L。治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论观察胆红素吸附柱联合血液灌流器的吸附系统是一种新型有效的人工肝支持治疗,可显著降低患者的胆红素水平,改善生化检查指标及部分临床症状,且患者耐受性好。因此,血浆分离灌流方法是一种值得在临床推广应用的人工肝支持疗法。     

琼脂包嵌凹凸棒微囊体外人全血净化作用研究

目的探讨新型血液灌流吸附剂琼脂包嵌凹凸棒微囊(cross-linked agar entrapping attapulgite clay, CAA)的全血净化功能,为将其进一步应用到血液解毒及血液制品病毒灭活后光敏剂的去除提供实验依据.方法通过静态吸附和体外动态循环灌流吸附,研究了CAA对人血中吩噻嗪类药物、亚甲蓝及安定的吸附净化功能.结果 CAA对人全血中阳离子型亚甲蓝、吩噻嗪类药物等有相当强的吸附净化作用,但对阳离子特征欠缺的安定清除较少.结论 CAA能够有效清除人全血中阳离子药物.     

急性百草枯中毒病人预后的影响因素分析

目的:探讨影响百草枯中毒病人预后的相关因素及血液灌流治疗清除炎症介质和百草枯的效果。方法:收集35例急性百草枯中毒病人的临床资料,均在常规治疗百草枯中毒基础上行HA230树脂血液灌流器治疗。根据病人预后情况将病人分为存活组和病死组,比较病人第一次血液灌流前后血浆百草枯浓度和血清白细胞介素-6、丙二醛水平及血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力变化,并分析病人血浆百草枯浓度、性别、年龄、服毒至第一次血液灌流时间和肝、肾、心肌损伤时间及血常规各指标与病人预后的关系。结果:35例病人中,存活20例,死亡15例,死亡率42.9%。2组病人服毒至第一次灌流时间和肝、肾、心肌损害时间及白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05~P<0.01）。与灌流前比较,2组病人第一次灌流后血浆百草枯浓度均明显降低（P<0.01）,SOD活力均上升（P<0.05）;存活组病人灌流前后的血浆百草枯浓度均明显低于死亡组病人（P<0.01）,而2组病人灌流前后的SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、白细胞介素-6和丙二醛水平差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:HA230树脂血液灌流能有效清除百草枯,并能改善SOD活力;血浆百草枯浓度、服毒至第一次灌流时间和肝、肾、心肌损害时间及白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数是急性百草枯中毒预后的影响因素。     

血液灌流对百草枯中毒患者肺气体交换及血浆百草枯浓度的影响

目的 研究血液灌流对百草枯中毒患者肺气体交换、氧代谢及血浆百草枯浓度的影响.方法 百草枯中毒患者36例,入院后行血液灌流治疗,采用高效液相色谱法测定灌流前及灌流后2、4h血浆百草枯浓度,并于灌流前及灌流后30min、1、2、4h各时点监测肺气体交换及氧代谢指标.结果 血液灌流2h后血浆百草枯浓度与灌流前相比显著下降,由(6.25±2.87)mg/L降至(2.67±1.37)mg/L(P<0.01),但延长灌流时间并不能继续降低血浆百草枯浓度(P>0.05).血液灌流30min后肺氧合功能同灌流前相比无明显变化,灌流1～4h内PaO2、DO2I明显提高(P<0.01),而Qs/Qt则明显降低(P<0.01).结论 血液灌流能有效清除血液中的百草枯,明显改善百草枯中毒患者肺气体交换及氧合功能.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.