高效液相色谱法同时测定四种抗癫痫药物的血药浓度

目的 建立用HPLC同时测定血清中多种抗癫痫药物卡马西平(carbamazepine,CBZ)、苯巴比妥(phenobarbital,PB)、硝西泮(nitrazepam,NTZ)、氯硝西泮(clonazepam,CNZ)等的方法. 方法 用一定方法处理血清样本,色谱柱为Nova-pak C18柱(150 mm ×3.9 mm,4μm);流动相为0.01 mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(pH 2.15)-乙腈(29∶71,V/V),监测波长223 nm;流速1 ml/min,柱温30℃. 结果 样品血清经处理,所留杂质不干扰被检测药品.在该色谱条件下以上药物能良好分离,在0.01-10 mg/L范围浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r＞0.999 0),方法回收率均大于90％,日内、日间RSD均小于10％.结论 该方法快速、准确、简便、实用,适用于以上治疗药物的治疗监测.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定血清中硝西泮、氯硝西泮的探讨

目的:建立一种同时测定血清中硝西泮与氯硝西泮的方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱法,色谱条件: ZORBAX 300SB-C8柱,柱温25℃,流动相:甲醇-水-乙腈=12∶68∶20,流速:1ml/min,检测波长:254nm;内标:150mg/L氢化可的松溶液.结果:两药在5～200μg/L的浓度范围内,药物-内标峰面积比(Y)与浓度(X)呈线性关系,最低检出浓度均为1μg/L;日内精密度分别为:硝西泮RSD=2.7%,氯硝西泮RSD=2.5%;硝西泮平均回收率为94.8%～104.0%,RSD为0.9%～3.2%;氯硝西泮平均回收率为96.3%～105.0%,RSD为1.2%～3.7%.结论:本方法快速、准确,适合对血清中两药的定性、定量分析.     

HPLC法同时测定人血清中氯硝西泮、硝西泮、三唑仑浓度

目的建立单步萃取-HPLC法同时测定人血清中硝西泮、氯硝西泮、三唑仑浓度。方法血清样品采用二氯甲烷单步萃取,采用Ultimate XB-C18色谱柱（250.0mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇∶水∶乙腈=10∶56∶34,流速为1mL/min,检测波长为254nm,柱温为30℃,卡马西平为内标物。结果硝西泮、氯硝西泮、三唑仑的线性范围分别为32.5～650.0μg/L（r=0.9997）、31.5～630.0μg/L（r=0.9999）、74～1480μg/L（r=0.9997）,最低检测限分别为8.13μg/L、7.88μg/L、18.5mg/L,日内精密度和日间精密度良好,回收率较高。结论本法操作简便,结果准确可靠。可满足临床快速监测的需要。     

新型二维高效液相色谱测定人血清伏立康唑浓度方法的建立与应用

目的建立全自动二维高效色谱法(2D-HPLC)测定血清中伏立康唑的浓度并应用于临床。方法第一维色谱柱为ASTON SC2柱(4.6mm×25mm,5μm),流动相为20mmol/L磷酸铵∶乙腈∶甲醇=3∶1∶1(V∶V∶V,磷酸调pH=5.4),流速1.2mL/min;第二维色谱柱为SHIMADZU C18柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相为10mmol/L醋酸铵(三乙胺调pH7.0)∶10mmol/L醋酸铵(三氟乙酸调pH3.0)∶甲醇∶乙腈=30∶10∶10∶50(V∶V∶V∶V),流速1.0mL/min;中间柱为ASTON SH柱(3mm×10mm,5μm),辅助流动相为纯水。样品由一维色谱柱萃取,经中间柱捕获并转移至第二维色谱柱分析,检测波长256nm,柱温40℃,进样量200μL。结果伏立康唑在0.28～22.56μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 9,最低定量限为0.28μg/mL,方法回收率为99.01%～104.62%,提取回收率为85.81%～89.82%,日内、日间精密度RSD均小于9%。结论该方法操作简单、准确、灵敏,符合血清样品的测定要求,适用于伏立康唑临床血药浓度测定。     

氯硝西泮单次给药与重复给药的实验研究

目的:研究氨硝西泮在大鼠血清及脑组织药物浓度的动态变化。方法:采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定药物浓度,色谱柱为C18柱(200mm×4.6mm,4μm),流动相为甲醇∶水(55∶45),流速:0.8ml/min,检测波长310nm,柱温25℃。对48只健康成年SD大鼠血清及脑匀浆上清液经氯仿提取,挥干,用流动相重溶,进行色谱分析。结果:单次给药后大鼠血清及脑组织药物浓度快速下降,尤其是脑组织;重复给药后,血清及脑组织药物浓度再次升高。结论:氯硝西泮血清及脑组织中药物浓度的快速下降,可以导致惊厥复发。氯硝西泮重复给药可有效地控制惊厥复发,但也可引起药物在体内的蓄积。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定神经酸片剂中神经酸含量

目的建立神经酸片剂中神经酸的反相高效液相色谱含量测定方法。方法色谱柱为UltimateR XB-C8 (4. 6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为0.1%(V/V)磷酸水溶液-乙腈(93:7),检测波长为203 nm,流速1.0 m L/min,柱温25℃。结果神经酸与其他组分分离良好,神经酸浓度在0.01～0.2 mg/m L范围内线性关系良好(Y=3 000 000 X (mg/m L)+4 795.9,P=0.000,R2=0.999 9,n=5),该方法精密度实验RSD为1.80%(n=6)。样品溶液在24 h稳定,峰面积RSD为1.52%(n=6)。回收率为96.94%～104.46%(RSD在0.81%～3.80%之间)。结论首次采用C8柱,建立了一种反相高效液相色谱方法,实现了对片剂中神经酸含量的快速准确测定。     

高效液相色谱-质谱法测定宣肺止嗽合剂中吗啡含量

目的建立高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS)法测定宣肺止嗽合剂中吗啡含量的方法。方法采用HPLC-MS正离子多反应监测模式(MRM)测定宣肺止嗽合剂中吗啡的含量,色谱柱为Shim-pack GIST-HP C18柱(50.0 mm×2.1 mm,3μm),流动相为甲醇-0.1%甲酸(30∶70,V/V),流速0.3 m L/min,柱温40℃;采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),以MRM进行定量分析,吗啡在正离子模式下定量分析离子对m/z 286. 40→m/z201.10。结果吗啡在0.517 5～5.175 0μg/m L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 3);平均加样回收率为98.34%,RSD为1.44%;最低检测限为0.207 ng/m L,最低定量限为0.414 ng/m L。结论该方法简单可靠、重复性好,适用于药品中低含量吗啡的检测。     

固相萃取-反相HPLC荧光法快速测定血浆中氟罗沙星

目的建立固相萃取-反相HPLC荧光法快速测定人血浆中氟罗沙星的方法。方法采用C18固相萃取小柱萃取血浆中的氟罗沙星。色谱柱为ODS-BP柱(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm),流动相为含1.31 g/L L-异亮氨酸和0.80 g/LCuSO4的水溶液-甲醇(80∶20,V∶V),激发波长为280 nm,发射波长为504 nm,流速为0.8 ml/min。结果该方法在0.4-20μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 3),最小检测限50 ng/ml,萃取回收率和方法回收率分别为89.52%和100.45%,高、中、低3个浓度的日内RSD为3.2%,日间RSD为1.5%。结论该法血样处理简单,干扰小,灵敏度高,精密度好,可用于该药物体内监测的快速测定。     

RP-HPLC法测定人血浆中氯氮平浓度

目的:建立测定人血浆中氯氮平高效液相色谱法。方法:血浆样品经适当处理,色谱柱为Luna C18(250×4.6mm,5μm)柱,流动相为乙腈:30mmol/L醋酸铵(46:54,V/V),柱温40℃,流速0.9mL/min,检测波长243nm,艾司唑仑为内标。结果:测定方法在0.05-1.6μg/mL范围内线性良好(r=0.9992,n=6),高、中、低浓度加样回收率均在98.8%~104.0%之间,日内、日间RSD在2.96%~11.5%之间,最低检测浓度为0.01μg/mL(S/N=3)。结论:本方法快速、简便、准确,适用于临床氯氮平浓度监测。     

HPLC测定静脉给药后大鼠血清中得力生注射液中酯蟾毒配基与柔红霉素的含量

目的:建立大鼠血清中酯蟾毒配基与柔红霉素浓度的测定方法。方法:血清经乙酸乙酯提取,炔诺酮(酯蟾毒配基)、多柔比星(柔红霉素)作内标,采用高效液相色谱法测定酯蟾毒配基与柔红霉素浓度。色谱柱:phenomenex C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-0.01 mol/L磷酸二氢铵溶液(pH 4.65)-冰醋酸(V∶V∶V=30∶20∶0.1)(柔红霉素),乙腈-水(55∶45)(酯蟾毒配基),检测波长:柔红霉素233 nm;酯蟾毒配基296 nm。结果:酯蟾毒配基在55.0～8800μg/L范围内,柔红霉素在0.1478～14.778 mg/L范围内,待测物与内标物的峰面积与浓度呈现良好线性关系,r=0.9997(酯蟾毒配基),r=0.9984(柔红霉素),平均回收率均>80%,日内、日间RSD均<5%(n=3)。结论:该方法快速、简便、准确,适合于临床得力生注射液与柔红霉素浓度的监测。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.