定量聚合酶链反应检测血清中HCV RNA^＋

目的：探讨定量聚合酶链反应用于检测丙型肝炎病毒HCV含量变化的意义。方法：用信号引物能量转移定量聚合酶链反应（PCR），检测68例丙型肝炎患者血清HCVRNA水平。结果：其HCVRNA含量范围103～1011拷贝／ml，急性丙肝106.83±3.72拷贝／ml，慢性丙肝106.54±2.67拷贝／ml，而无症状携带者104.95±2.16拷贝／ml。血清HCVRNA水平同ALT水平呈相关。结论：丙肝病毒感染后HCV复制水平与肝损害相关，定量检测HCVRNA的水平变化是预测和评价干扰素疗效的重要指标。     

血清中不同基因型丙型肝炎病毒RNA含量的测定

目的了解血清中不同基因型丙型肝炎病毒HCVRNA的含量。方法用实时荧光定量RTPCR和逆转录型特异性引物PCR同时检测21例费城酒精依赖丙肝患者的血清HCVRNA拷贝数并分析HCV基因型。结果21份血清标本中,有17份为HCVRNA阳性。这些阳性血清的HCVRNA含量波动范围在104.60～106.20拷贝/ml。检测到1a和1b两种HCV基因型,其中1a型7例,RNA平均滴度为105.28±0.75拷贝/ml,1b型(9例)RNA平均滴度为105.28±0.28拷贝/ml。结论定性和定量检测结果有极佳的一致性,酒精依赖丙肝基因型1a和1b血清中HCV含量无显著性差异。     

献血者血清抗-HCV阳性与ALT活性的关系

目的 分析献血者血清抗-HCV抗体及丙型肝炎病毒核酸（HCVRNA）含量与ALT的关系。方法 采用ELISA法检测抗-HCV抗体。阳性标本用荧光PCR试剂盒测定HCVRNA，分析ALT活性与HCVRNA水平的关系。结果 83份抗-HCV抗体阳性标本经PCR检测后有37份标本含HCVRNA，HCVRNA拷贝量与ALT活性呈正相关，且标本的HCVRNA含量越多，ALT活性也越高（P〈0．01）。结论 献血者中筛查ALT并结合PCR技术，能减少HCV经血传播的危险。     

慢性丙型肝炎患者血清抗-HCV及HCVRNA水平与病情的关系研究

目的 探讨慢性丙型肝炎患者血清抗-HCV水平和HCVRNA含量与病情的关系。方法 应用微粒子发光法检测抗-HCV水平，应用荧光定量PCR技术检测HCVRNA含量，并与病情进行相关性分析。结果 血清抗-HCV水平〉100 S／CO时，HCVRNA含量较高，且大多数患者血清ALT升高；当HCVRNA含量较高时，抗-HCV水平及ALT同步异常。结论 HCVRNA含量与抗-HCV水平在一定程度上均能反映HCV的复制情况，且与病情密切相关，应同步检测。     

丙型肝炎患者血清IL-6和IL-12水平变化及临床意义

目的 探讨丙型肝炎患者血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-12（IL-12）水平分别与丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸（HCVRNA）含量和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）水平的相关性及其临床意义。方法应用荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（FQ-RT-PCR）测定100例丙型肝炎患者血清中HCV RNA含量，再采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）和酶法分别检测患者血清IL-6、IL-12和ALT水平，并与100例健康者比较。结果丙型肝炎患者血清IL-6、IL-12水平显著高于健康对照组（P〈0．01），且与血清ALT水平呈明显正相关。免疫治疗完全应答组血清IL-6、IL-12水平与其HCVRNA含量呈正相关，而与免疫治疗无应答组IL-6和IL-12水平差异有极显著性（P〈0．01）。结论检测丙型肝炎患者血清IL-6和IL-12水平可反应机体的免疫功能状态及肝功能的损害程度，对预测患者的预后有一定的作用。     

检测丙型肝炎患者治疗前后血清HCV RNA含量和ALT水平的应用价值

目的探讨丙型肝炎患者血清丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸(HCVRNA)含量和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平与干扰素治疗效果的关系。方法应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ—PCR)测定HCV RNA的含量,速率法测定血清ALT水平,测定了16例丙型肝炎患者α-干扰素治疗前和治疗三个月、治疗六个月的HCV RNA含量和ALT水平。结果16例丙型肝炎患者经治疗三个月和六个月HCVRNA含量和ALT水平均显著下降(P<0.05)。经六个月治疗有11例患者(68.8%)HCVRNA含量很低或为零,ALT正常,视为干扰素完全反应者;另外5例为部分及无效反应者。结论FQ—PCR定量准确,用其测定血清HCVRNA含量合并血清ALT水平一起作为丙型肝炎疗效观察指标,对临床制定合理的治疗方案有重要意义。     

慢性丙型肝炎患者血清HCV RNA、脂联素水平与AST/ALT比值的相关性

目的探讨慢性丙型肝炎患者血清HCV RNA、脂联素水平与AST/ALT比值的关系,评价HCV RNA、脂联素和AST/ALT比值水平在判断丙肝患者预后方面的价值。方法采用荧光PCR试剂盒测定HCV RNA,ELISA法检测脂联素,全自动生化分析仪检测AST和ALT。结果与正常对照组相比,慢性HCV患者组血清HCV RNA和AST/ALT比值水平明显增高（P〈0.05）,而脂联素水平则降低（P〈0.05）;HCV RNA病毒含量与AST/ALT比值呈正相关（r=0.535,P〈0.01）,HCV RNA病毒含量与脂联素水平呈负相关（r=-0.483,P〈0.05）,AST/ALT比值与脂联素水平呈负相关（r=-0.426,P〈0.05）。结论联合检测血清HCV RNA、脂联素水平和AST/ALT比值的水平,对慢性丙型肝炎的疗效观察及预后估计有重要的临床价值。     

丙型肝炎病毒RNA与血清标志物的关系

目的 :探讨血清HCVRNA含量与丙氨酸氨基转氨酶 (ALT)、HCV抗体的关系。方法 :采用荧光定量 聚合酶链反应 (FQ PCR)检测 75例HCV抗体复检阳性无偿献血者、9例丙型肝炎患者的HCVRNA含量 ,并与HCV抗体、ALT的检测结果比较。结果 :75例献血者中 ,HCV抗体 (+ )、ALT(-)组HCVRNA阳性率高于HCV抗体 (+ )、ALT(-)组。在 9例丙型肝炎患者中 ,ALT与HCVRNA含量呈正相关 ,且相关性显著 (r =0 72 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论 :在HCV感染的人群中 ,ALT的高低可间接反应HCV在体内的状态 ,这对安全输血和诊断有重要意义     

HCV无症状感染者外周血中病毒载量的检测分析

目的　了解丙型肝炎病毒(HepatitisCvirus, HCV) 无症状感染者病毒载量分布以及与ALT水平的相关性。方法　采用荧光定量PCR检测80例HCV无症状感染者外周血中HCVRNA, 同时进行重组免疫印迹试验和血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT) 水平测定。结果　80例HCV无症状感染者外周血HCVRNA含量在102 1 ~105 8拷贝/ml, 其中82.5% (66 /80) 在104 0 ~105 8拷贝/ml。RIBA不同反应组HCVRNA含量间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05), ALT异常升高组HCVRNA含量与ALT正常组之间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论　HCV无症状感染者病毒载量处于相对低水平, 病毒载量与RIBA抗体反应模式和ALT水平的关系有待进一步研究。     

丙型肝炎病毒RNA定量检测与抗-HCV及ALT的关系

目的了解丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸（HCV RNA）定量与丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗-HCV）及丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）的关系。方法用荧光定量逆转录聚合酶反应（FQ—RT—PCR）检测239例抗-HCV阳性者的HCVRNA定量，同时检测ALT水平。结果239例中，150例（62．8％）HCV RNA定量高于80拷贝／ml；133例ALT异常，其异常率随HCV RNA定量的升高而增加。ALT异常例数与正常例数差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），ALT水平与HCVRNA定量无相关性（r=0．524，P〉0．05），而ALT异常率与HCV RNA定量呈正相关（r=0．955，P〈0．05）。结论HCV RNA是反映HCV复制的可靠指标，结合ALT结果可帮助了解HCV在体内复制状况。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.