上海宝山区进城务工人员子女自我意识与父母养育方式的相关分析

目的 探讨上海宝山区进城务工人员子女自我意识发展情况以及自我意识与父母养育方式的关系.方法 采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)和父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)对上海宝山区进城务工人员子女小学及中学7所学校4 350名学生进行调查.结果 进城务工人员子女自我意识水平量表总分及各因子得分均低于城市常模,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001).自我意识量表的各因子及总分与父母养育方式中的情感温暖、理解因子呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),与父母的惩罚严厉因子、拒绝否认因子呈显著负相关(P＜0.01).自我意识量表中行为、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足因子及总分与父母的过分干涉因子、过度保护呈显著负相关(P＜0.01),而智力与学校情况、躯体外貌与属性因子与父母的过分干涉、过度保护呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论 上海宝山区进城务工人员子女自我意识水平低于城市儿童,父母养育方式是影响儿童自我意识水平的主要因素之一,良好的父母养育方式有利于儿童自我意识水平的发展.     

父母养育方式与大学生焦虑水平的关系

目的了解父母养育方式与大学生焦虑水平的关系。方法采用父母养育方式评价量表（EMBU）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）对300名大学生进行调查。结果（1）父母亲养育方式中的“拒绝否认”和父亲的“过度保护”因子存在性别差异；母亲的“过度保护”因子有城乡差异。（2）大学生焦虑水平与父母亲的“情感温暖”因子有显著负相关，与父母亲的“拒绝否认”因子和父亲的“严厉惩罚”、“过度保护”因子有显著正相关。（3）回归分析发现，父亲的“严厉惩罚”固子、“过度保护”因子和母亲的“情感温暖”、“过分干涉保护”因子对大学生的焦虑水平有预测作用。结论父母养育方式与大学生焦虑水平关系密切。     

心因性非癫痫性发作儿童自我意识、家庭环境及父母养育方式的对照研究

目的探讨心因性非癫痫性发作（PNES）儿童自我意识、家庭环境和父母养育方式的特征及其与正常儿童的区别。方法采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表（CSS）、家庭环境量表中文版（FES-CV）、父母养育方式问卷（EMBU）对43例PNES儿童和43名正常对照组儿童进行了评估。结果 PNES儿童CSS总分及焦虑、合群、幸福与满足分量表得分低于对照组儿童;FES-CV中的知识性分量表得分低于对照组儿童;EMBU中父亲的情感温暖与理解因子得分低于对照组儿童,父亲的惩罚严厉因子、母亲的过分干涉与过度保护因子、父母亲的拒绝否认因子得分高于对照组儿童。结论心因性非癫痫性发作儿童存在不良的自我意识、家庭环境及父母养育方式。     

父母养育方式与儿童自我意识关系的研究

目的　探讨父母养育方式与儿童自我意识之间的相关性。方法　选用Piers Harris儿童自我意识量表(中文版 )和父母养育方式评价量表 (中文版 )对 10 0名儿童进行测查 ,将儿童自我意识量表评分分为低自我意识组( 5 1)、正常范围组及高自我意识组 ( 6 3)进行比较 ,并对父母养育方式与儿童自我意识总分及各因子进行相关分析。结果　低自我意识组的父母情感温暖因子分明显低于另外两组 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ;父母惩罚严厉因子和拒绝否认因子分明显高于另外两组 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。父母情感温暖和理解因子、母亲偏爱被试因子与儿童自我意识总分和部分因子均呈显著相关 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ;父母惩罚严厉因子、拒绝否认因子与自我意识总分和部分因子呈显著负相关 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。结论　父母养育方式与儿童自我意识水平显著相关     

流动儿童情绪障碍与父母教养方式的相关性研究

目的探讨流动儿童情绪障碍与父母教养方式的相关性。方法对236例流动儿童,207例郑州市儿童进行儿童焦虑情绪障碍筛查表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表、父母教养方式评价量表问卷调查。结果 (1)流动儿童在躯体化/惊恐、广泛性焦虑、分离性焦虑、社交恐怖、焦虑总分、抑郁总分项目上得分高于对照组(P<0.05);(2)流动儿童在父母情感温暖、父过分干涉、母偏爱被试项目上得分低于对照组(P<0.05);(3)父母拒绝、否认,父过度保护,母惩罚、严厉与流动儿童的焦虑呈正相关;父母情感温暖、母偏爱被试与流动儿童的抑郁呈负相关。结论 (1)流动儿童存在显著的焦虑、抑郁情绪问题;(2)流动儿童得到的父母情感温暖、偏爱较少;(3)父母积极的养育方式会使流动儿童较少出现抑郁情绪,而不良的养育方式与焦虑情绪的出现有关。     

初中生行为问题与父母教养方式的相关分析

目的探讨初中生行为问题与父母教养方式的相关性。方法运用父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)、Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)对上海市区一所普通中学288名11~13岁初中学生进行调查,并对结果进行相关分析、回归分析。结果初中生行为问题各因子:分裂样、抑郁、社交问题、强迫性、体诉、社交退缩、多动、攻击行为、违纪行为与父母教养方式各因素;情感温暖、理解,惩罚、严厉,过分干涉,偏爱,拒绝、否认,过度保护、偏爱显著相关。结论初中生行为问题与父母教养方式显著相关,父母应该对子女多加关注、爱护、理解、信任和鼓励,加强亲子之间的交流,避免采用惩罚、严厉,过分干涉,拒绝、否认等养育方式。     

强迫症患者完美主义程度在父母教养方式和道德判断能力之间的中介效应

目的 探讨强迫症患者父母教养方式、道德判断能力与完美主义程度之间的关系，并比 较 3 者在患者与健康人群中的差异。方法 采用方便抽样法，随机选取 2021 年 1— 10 月在北京市某 三甲医院心理科门诊就诊的 100 例强迫症患者为研究组，同时招募 100 名健康对照者为对照组。使用 道德判断测验（MJT）中文标准版、父母教养方式评价量表（EMBU）以及 Frost 多维完美主义量表中文版 （FMPS-C）比较两组患者的道德判断能力、父母教养方式及完美主义程度的差异。采用 Pearson 相关和 多重线性回归分析强迫症患者父母教养方式、完美主义、道德判断能力 3 者之间的关系。结果 研究 组 FMPS-C 非适应性维度得分高于对照组［（76.2±7.3）分比（58.3±12.6）分］，FMPS-C 适应性维度得分、 MJT 中文标准版 C 分数低于对照组［（18.5±3.1）分比（23.8±4.7）分、（9.5±1.7）分比（14.7±6.3）分］，差异 有统计学意义（P＜ 0.01）。研究组 EMBU 中的父亲惩罚、严厉，过分干涉，拒绝、否认，过度保护因子得 分高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）；母亲过度干涉和保护，拒绝、否认，惩罚、严厉因子得分高 于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）。强迫症患者母亲过度干涉和保护，拒绝、否认，惩罚、严厉与 非适应性完美主义程度呈正相关（r=0.954、0.412、0.419；P＜ 0.01），与道德判断能力呈负相关（r=-0.853、 -0.244、-0.358；P＜ 0.05）。强迫症患者父亲惩罚、严厉，过分干涉，拒绝、否认，过度保护与非适应性完 美主义程度呈正相关（r=0.304、0.240、0.690、0.248；P＜ 0.05）；父亲拒绝、否认与道德判断能力呈负相关 （r=-0.717，P＜ 0.01）。强迫症患者母亲过度干涉和保护，拒绝、否认，惩罚、严厉与父亲拒绝、否认通过 非适应性完美主义程度对道德判断能力起部分中介作用（均P＜ 0.05）。结论 强迫症患者道德判断能 力低于健康人群；父母过度控制、否认，惩罚等教养方式与非适应性完美主义程度高于健康人群。父母 教养方式通过非适应性完美主义程度部分作用于强迫症患者的道德判断能力。     

高中学生考试焦虑与家庭因素的关系分析

目的研究高中生考试焦虑的现状及其家庭相关因素。方法应用考试焦虑量表(TAS)、家庭环境量表中文版(FESCV)和父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)对山东省某中学高一年级538名学生进行调查。结果高中生考试焦虑的检出率为65.20%。有考试焦虑者家庭环境量表的亲密度、情感表达因子分显著低于无考试焦虑者(P<0.05),而其矛盾性、成功性因子分显著高于无考试焦虑者(P<0.05)。有考试焦虑者父母养育方式评价量表的父亲过分干涉、父亲拒绝否认、父亲过度保护、母亲过分干涉过分保护、母亲拒绝否认、母亲惩罚严厉因子分非常显著高于无考试焦虑者(P<0.01),而其母亲情感温暖理解因子分极显著低于无考试焦虑者(P<0.001)。结论高中生考试焦虑检出率较高。高中生考试焦虑与家庭环境和父母养育方式密切相关。     

抑郁症患者自我概念与父母养育方式研究

目的探讨抑郁症患者自我概念和父母养育方式及其二者关系。方法采用田纳西自我概念量表（TSCS）、父母养育方式评价量表（EMBU）对符合入组标准的98例抑郁症患者进行测评,并与100例正常人群进行对照,采用汉密顿抑郁量表（24项,HAND）评定抑郁症状严重程度。结果抑郁症患者自我概念水平明显低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认均高于正常对照组,父母情感温暖理解因子低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。抑郁症状与父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认、母亲过分干涉因子呈显著正相关,与父母情感温暖理解因子及自我概念多个因子呈显著负相关;自我概念因子与父母养育方式多个因子分存在显著相关。结论抑郁症患者父母的不良养育方式可能导致抑郁症患者性格缺陷,影响患者的自我概念发展。：抑郁症患者的自我概念水平与父母不良养育方式存在密切关系。     

初中生心理问题与父母养育方式关系的研究

目的　探讨初中学生的心理健康状况及心理问题与父母养育方式的关系。方法　使用症状自评量表、父母养育方式评价量表、基本资料问卷 ,以现况研究整群抽样的方法在济南市历下区 2所初中学校中抽取初一年级 2 8个班的学生 ,采用问卷调查方式调查全部学生共 16 6 7名。结果　症状自评量表筛选出的有心理问题的人数为 2 70例 ,占总人数的 16 .2 0 % ,相关分析表明 ,SCL 90总分及各项因子分与EMBU的父母亲严厉惩罚、父亲过分干涉过度保护、父母亲拒绝否认等项呈显著性意义的正相关 ;SCL 90敌对项因子与母亲干涉过度保护呈显著性意义的负相关 ,抑郁项因子分与父母亲温暖理解项呈显著性意义的负相关 ;父母亲偏爱与SCL 90总分 ,人际关系、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、偏执等因子分呈显著性意义的相关关系。结论　初中生的心理异常与父母教养方式有密切关系     

四川省精神卫生服务机构人力资源状况调查

目的调查四川省精神卫生服务机构人力资源现状,旨在为政府部门提供相关依据。方法采用调查表对全省精神卫生机构进行问卷和实地调查,并与其他地区资料比较。结果四川省精神卫生机构在岗人员无医学学历971人,中专2477人,大专2459人,本科1174人,研究生及以上70人,本科及以上学历仅占18.59%。职称以初级为多,占55.81%;精神科医师为1.62人/10万,护士为2.42人/10万,康复治疗师为85人。结论四川省精神卫生机构总体学历及职称均偏低,人员分布不合理,需进一步加大投入和发展。     

Social determinants of aggression in a sample of Chinese primary school children

The aim of the present study was to relate children's aggression levels to social determinants of interest (i.e., child-rearing measures, day-care attendance, peer group influence, and TV-watching) in a sample of Chinese children in the People's Republic of China. A sample of 290 primary school students (155 boys and 135 girls, mean age 10.3) in grade four in Beijing were investigated using the Multi-Faceted Aggression Inventory. The children's parents were asked about child-rearing measures and day-care experience for the child. Teachers rated the children's aggression, school achievement level, and membership in the Young Pioneers. Despite acknowledged limitations, the findings in this study gave evidence that according to a person-environment interaction perspective, the Chinese children's individual differences in aggression were influenced by the restricted environment. As aggressive behaviour is undesired and suppressed in the Chinese culture in and outside the home, the Chinese children seemed to show lower levels and less variation of aggression behaviour than children in permissive environments (e.g., Sweden). However, when analysing sex differences in aggression environmental influences alone might not explain the differences.     

Transactional risk model for short and intermediate term psychiatric inpatient treatment of children

The transactional model provides a novel guide for the psychiatric hospital treatment of children by improving the attunement between the child and his or her important interpersonal environment. Since children's development is highly context dependent, generalization of the gains made in the hospital will largely depend upon how well the child's parents and school can internalize the hospital experience. One method to implement this transactional model is to bring the child's parents and school into the hospital to join the child's treatment team.     

Factors associated with academic achievement in children following parental separation

Elementary school children who maintained their academic performance levels following separation of their parents were compared to those whose levels declined. Although no single measure could accurately predict children's academic adjustment, those who maintained performance levels spent significantly more time with both parents.     

Life events: children's reports

Summary Children 7 to 12 years of age were asked to indicate events they had experienced in the previous three months in a questionnaire devised for the study. Most children were able to complete the questionnaire and reported positive and negative events, the most common themes being personal achievement, illness-related events and problems in relationships. The agreement between parents and child reporting of individual events was uneven and children reported more events than parents. Psychiatrically disturbed children noted an excess of negative and loss events and children attending paediatric clinics reported fewer events, particularly fewer positive happenings, than non-attending primary school children. A child Life Events questionnaire may be of use to explore disturbed and ill children's perception of their lives.     

Family roles in refugee youth resettlement from a prevention perspective

The families of refugee youth in resettlement bear both strains and strengths that impact their children's adjustment and coping. Preventive interventions aimed at helping youth through helping their families should be developed. Given that many refugee youth struggle in school and may have inadequate involvement of their parents, one area in need of preventive intervention is parental involvement in refugee youths' education. The design, implementation, and evaluation of family-focused preventive interventions should be informed by research findings, family resilience theory, a community-based participatory research approach, and a focus on engagement.     

Locus of control as a mediator of negative divorce-related events and adjustment problems in children.

Beliefs about whether locus of control mediates the relationship between negative divorce-related events and children's adjustment were explored in a group of 78 children and their primary residential parents. In the children's self-reports of adjustment, locus of control was found to be a partial mediator in the relationship. Analyses of the parents' reports of the children's adjustment did not support a mediational model.     

Parental attachment and its impact on the development of psychiatric manifestations in school-aged children

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the relationship between the attachment styles of the primary caregivers and the behavioral problems of their school-aged children. This study was performed to identify the impact of insecure attachment patterns of parents on the development of their children's psychiatric manifestations and disorders. SAMPLINGS AND METHODS: We included 494 2nd to 3rd graders and their primary caretakers. A relationship questionnaire was applied to identify the parental attachment patterns. We investigated the children's mental and behavioral problems by using the Korean Child Behavior Checklist. For objective psychiatric diagnoses, we interviewed 130 high-risk subjects using the Korean Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Present and Lifetime version. RESULTS: Those parents judged to be preoccupied had children with more internalized symptoms than those who were judged to be secure (p< 0.01); dismissing/avoidant parents had children with higher scores on Attention problems (p = 0002), and fearful/avoidant parents had children with more externalized symptoms (p < 0.01). Moreover, children with insecure attachment type parents revealed more psychiatric morbidity than children with secure parents (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: Parental insecure attachment was associated with the development of the psychopathologies and psychiatric illness of their children.     

Alcohol-related problems within the familiy and global functioning of the children: a population-based study

Summary We carried out a population-based prevalence study to assess the association between the presence of alcohol-related problems within the family and the risk of disorders in the children's global functioning level. We enrolled 394 children attending nursery, primary and secondary schools and their parents living in two municipalities in Central Italy. Alcohol-related problems within the family were reported by registered records obtained from general practitioners and teachers, who were considered as preference raters. The childrens level of functioning was assessed by teachers, who attributed to each school child a score according to the Children Global Assessment Scale (CGAS). The number of reports of alcohol-related problems within the family and the CGAS scores were considered, respectively, as independent and dependent variables in a multiple logistic regression model for ordinal outcome variables. The children's sex and age, and the age of their parents, the duration of the parents' education and family size were considered as covariates. We found a strong association between a poor level of functioning in the children in the social environment and alcohol-related problems within the family. The pravalence odds ratio (and 95% confidence interval) decreased from 0.5 (range 0.2–1.3) for children whose families were reported by one rater to 0.4 (range 0.2–0.8) for children whose families were reported by two raters, the non-reported families being the reference category, suggesting that the level of functioning of the child decreased as reports of alcohol-related problems in the family increased.     

Examination stress in Singapore primary schoolchildren: how compliance by subjects can impact on study results

OBJECTIVE: Examinations are anecdotally viewed as extremely stressful to Singapore schoolchildren. We test this postulate by obtaining parental ratings of children's emotional stress levels longitudinally in a large representative sample of sixth (P6) and fifth (P5) class primary schoolchildren, respectively, exposed and unexposed to a streaming examination. METHOD: Children's stress levels were rated monthly by a parent for 10 months. RESULTS: Analyses failed to find evidence of any differential stress impact across P6 and P5 comparison groups, apart from a subset of P6 children whose parents complied with every monthly survey. CONCLUSION: The streaming examination in the final year of primary school did not emerge as a general stressor to children, but achieved salience within a defined subset of children whose parents were highly study compliant. Study compliance may be a proxy variable of some import, and have wider relevance to other cohort studies and to intervention trials.