颅内巨大动脉瘤载瘤动脉球囊闭塞及颅内外血管搭桥术

目的 探讨颅内巨大动脉瘤的治疗方法及疗效，并对球囊闭塞载瘤动脉近段以及联合颅内外血管搭术治疗方法进行评价。方法 对载瘤动脉球囊闭塞术治疗的21例巨大动脉瘤病人的资料进行分析。载瘤动脉闭塞试验(BOD阳性，首先行颅内外血管搭桥，再行血管球囊闭塞。结果 21例巨大动脉瘤病例中，单用球囊闭塞载瘤动脉17例，联合颅内外搭桥4例。术后随访17例，6个月动脉瘤内血栓形成，2例动脉瘤缩小；2例3年后动脉瘤消失，2例颈内外动脉搭桥术随访3～4年，血管造影示吻合口通畅。结论对直接手术和填塞难以治愈的颅内巨大动脉瘤，载瘤动脉球囊闭塞以及联合颅内外搭桥术是一种有效可取的方法。     

颅内-外动脉搭桥在复杂颈内动脉瘤治疗中的运用

目的探讨颅内-外动脉搭桥术在复杂颈内动脉瘤治疗中的适用范围、手术方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析33例颅内-外搭桥术临床资料,搭桥后分别采用慢性阻断颈部颈内动脉、闭塞载瘤动脉或孤立动脉瘤等。结果术后血管造影或CTA示30例吻合血管通畅,1例吻合口狭窄伴血管痉挛,2例吻合口不通。29例通过阻断颈内动脉使动脉瘤不显影而达到治愈。29例治愈患者随访未见动脉瘤复发或破裂。结论采用颅内-外动脉搭桥术,结合急性或慢性闭塞颈内动脉,是复杂颈内动脉瘤治疗的一种有效途径。     

血管内治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤(附40例报告)

目的探讨颅内巨大动脉瘤的血管内治疗方法，并对疗效进行评价。方法对40例颅内巨大动脉瘤行血管内治疗，其中33例行载瘤动脉闭塞术．5例行动脉瘤栓塞术，2例行颞浅-大脑中动脉搭桥术后闭塞载瘤动脉。结果载瘤动脉闭塞术后死亡3例，动脉瘤栓塞术后死亡1例．其余病人临床状况良好。临床随访28例，状况均良好；CT随访18例，示8例动脉瘤缩小或消失；造影随访15例．示9例动脉瘤不显影．3例瘤体缩小，2例载瘤动脉再通，1例栓塞后动脉瘤复发。结论对于手术罔难的颅内巨大动脉瘤，血管内治疗是一种安全、有效的方法。     

闭塞载瘤动脉治疗颅内大、巨大动脉瘤的探讨

目的对闭塞载瘤动脉治疗颅内大、巨大型动脉瘤效果进行评价。方法用可脱性球囊或弹簧圈闭塞近端载瘤动脉治疗27例颅内大、巨大动脉瘤。结果血管内闭塞近端载瘤动脉可使动脉瘤完全闭塞，神经受压和颅内占位症状逐步改善、消失。结论血管内闭塞载瘤动脉是治疗颅内大、巨大型动脉瘤有效，安全的方法之一。     

颅内外血管搭桥术治疗颅内巨大型动脉瘤

目的 报告采用动脉瘤夹闭联合颅内外血管搭桥术治疗6例颅内巨大型动脉瘤患者的临床经过,探讨手术适应证及治疗效果.方法 回顾分析6例颅内巨大型动脉瘤患者颅内外血管搭桥术前血流动力学状态、搭桥方式,以及临床和影像学转归.结果 6例患者中3例施行动脉瘤夹闭、切除(或载瘤动脉重建)联合颞浅动脉.大脑中动脉搭桥术,3例行动脉瘤夹闭、切除(或孤立)联合高流量搭桥术(颈外动脉.桡动脉,大隐静脉.大脑中动脉搭桥术).手术后平均随访17个月,近远期脑血管造影和CT血管造影检查显示,搭桥血管及吻合口血流通畅;临床症状与体征得到不同程度改善,随访期间无急性出血性或缺血性脑血管事件发生.3例行联合低流量搭桥术患者远期改良Rankin量表评分2例0分、1例2分;3例联合高流量搭桥术患者远期改良Rankin量表评分1例0分、2例1分.结论 对于脑血管重建术可能牺牲载瘤动脉或远端大脑中动脉血流的颅内复杂动脉瘤患者,可根据具体情况联合各种颅内外血管搭桥术使血流得到有效代偿.脑血管造影联合CT灌注成像对颅内巨大型动脉瘤远端组织灌注状态及侧支循环评价具有一定参考价值.     

血管内介入治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤

目的探讨血管内介入颅内巨大动脉瘤的方法和疗效。方法回顾分析介入治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤7例的经验并文献检索分析。结果病情好转5例,恶化1例,短暂神经功能障碍1例,无死亡。复发2例,1例再次行动脉瘤栓塞后随访1年无复发。结论血管内介入塞治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤近期安全有效,根据动脉瘤部位及形态特点,可选择载瘤动脉闭塞,弹簧圈栓塞瘤腔,球囊支架辅助栓塞。远期复发率较高,应加强随访观察。     

颅内复杂动脉瘤搭桥孤立术疗效观察

目的 探讨颅内外血管吻合或搭桥联合动脉瘤孤立术治疗颅内巨大型复杂动脉瘤的术式选择及适应证.方法 回顾分析2008年2月-201 1年12月经脑血管造影术明确诊断的12例颅内巨大型动脉瘤患者术前评价方法 及手术治疗经过.结果 12例患者中颈内动脉系统巨大型动脉瘤6例(4例位于颈内动脉海绵窦段或床突段、2例位于颈内动脉交通段),大脑中动脉巨大型动脉瘤3例,后循环动脉瘤3例.其中7例术前MR灌注成像显示载瘤动脉远端组织存在明显缺血.选择行颞浅动脉.大脑中动脉低流量血管吻合术;5例载瘤动脉远端组织供血正常,且搭桥血管长度较长(≥15 cm)、术前球囊闭塞试验呈阴性、患侧压颈脑血管造影侧支循环充盈不良患者,行高流量颅内外血管搭桥术.11例术后神经功能缺损程度评价良好,改良Rankin量表评分0-3分;1例术后4分,3个月后改善至3分.结论 对于无法施行塑形夹闭术的颅内复杂巨大型动脉瘤患者,颅内外血管吻合或搭桥联合动脉瘤孤立术是其可选择的最后方法 ;而MR或CT灌注成像观察载瘤动脉远端组织供血正常与否.是选择不同流量血管吻合或搭桥术的关键.枕动脉、颞浅动脉或桡动脉为常用搭桥血管.     

颅内外血管搭桥术对颅内动脉瘤的临床诊疗实效性评价

目的探究颅内外血管搭桥术对颅内动脉瘤的临床诊疗实效性。方法回顾性分析2013-10-2015-05在我院进行治疗的颅内动脉瘤18例患者的临床资料、手术方式、复查与随访结果,观察颅内外血管搭桥术的临床效果。结果 2例术后2h发生偏瘫,经检查其大隐静脉内有血栓出现,立即手术取栓,1个月后患者完全康复。2例行夹闭载瘤动脉时发生出血情况。余14例术后经过均顺利。随访中8例手术6个月后行血管超声复查,搭桥血管通畅。4例巨大动脉瘤患者术后2a复查发现动脉瘤明显减小。2例患者双侧颈内动脉海绵窦段巨大动脉瘤先行右侧颞浅动脉大脑中动脉搭桥并右侧颈内动脉球囊闭塞,在手术5a后进行复查,可见其主要通过搭桥血管进行供血。结论在对颅内动脉瘤患者进行治疗时,颅内外血管搭桥术效果良好,应在临床中推广使用。     

颅外-内高流量搭桥治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤二例并文献复习

目的 探讨经桡动脉移植颅外-内高流量搭桥治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤.方法 报告先经桡动脉移植颅外-内高流量搭桥,再闭塞载瘤动脉孤立动脉瘤治疗2例颅内复杂动脉瘤,并结合文献对其手术方法、手术技巧及其适应证进行探讨.结果 术后2例患者经头颅CTA和脑血管造影检查显示吻合血管通畅,动脉瘤不显影.随访10个月,第1例患者仪有轻微外展受限,第2例患者完全恢复正常.结论 经桡动脉移植颅外-内高流量搭桥是治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的有效方法.     

颅内外血管重建用于颅内复杂动脉瘤的治疗(附11例分析)

目的探讨应用颅内外血管重建技术治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的技术要点。方法回顾性分析应用颅内外血管重建技术治疗11例颅内复杂动脉瘤的经验。行颈外动脉-大隐静脉-大脑中动脉搭桥手术5例,颈外动脉-桡动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥手术3例,颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥手术2例,枕动脉-小脑后下动脉搭桥手术1例。搭桥手术后行动脉瘤孤立术5例,载瘤动脉近心端阻断术6例。结果术后血管造影或3D-CTA显示吻合血管通畅9例,急性闭塞1例,慢性闭塞1例;动脉瘤不显影10例,动脉瘤接受对侧椎动脉供血而需行进一步介入栓塞治疗1例。术后随访6～67个月,平均40.6个月;1例移植血管慢性闭塞病人在术后第50个月死亡,余10例病人临床表现不同程度改善,未发生再出血。结论颅内外血管重建结合载瘤动脉近心端阻断或动脉瘤孤立术是治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的有效方法。     

前循环巨大动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨手术治疗脑前循环巨大动脉瘤的方法，设计个体化治疗方案。方法回顾分析2001年1月至2005年3月间手术治疗的38例脑巨大动脉瘤方法和效果。分别采用：直接夹闭瘤颈12例；动脉瘤切除加脑血管重建5例；动脉瘤孤立术4例；颅内外动脉吻合伴或不伴血管内介入治疗14例；包裹1例；载瘤动脉阻断2例。结果术后恢复优良32例，重度病残4例，死亡2例。结论术前应充分评价脑血流动力学和侧支循环，个性化设计治疗方案，采用不同手术术式可取得良好预后；同时颅内外血管吻合术可有效改善颅内供血，确保动脉瘤的后续治疗；手术和血管内介入治疗的结合是今后巨大型动脉瘤治疗的一个方向。     

Saphenous vein graft bypass in the treatment of giant cavernous sinus aneurysms: report of two cases

Two cases of giant intracavernous aneurysms treated by high flow bypass with saphenous vein graft between the external carotid artery (ECA) and branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) are presented. Very often these aneurysms are unclippable because they are fusiform or have a large neck. Occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is the treatment of choice in many cases. This procedure has however a high risk of brain infarction. Revascularization of the brain by extra-intracranial anastomosis between the superficial temporal artery (STA) and branches of the MCA is frequently performed. This procedure provides however a low flow bypass and brain infarction may occur. We report two cases of giant cavernous sinus aneurysms treated by high flow bypass and endovascular balloon occlusion of the ICA. Immediate high flow revascularization of MCA branches was achieved and the patients showed no ischemic events. Follow-up of 8 and 14 months after operation shows patency of the venous graft and no neurological deficits. Angiographic control examination showed complete aneurysm occlusion in both cases.     

129例颅内大型和巨大型动脉瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨颅内大型和巨大型动脉瘤的临床特点以及术中处理技巧,提高手术疗效。方法总结分析我院129例颅内大型及巨大型动脉瘤的手术经验。其中瘤颈部夹闭110例,夹闭+包裹9例,瘤体电凝后包裹3例,载瘤动脉夹闭2例,动脉瘤切除2例,巨大动脉瘤切除后同时行吻合2例,动脉瘤旷置+颅外-颅内高流量架桥术1例。手术采用近侧载瘤动脉暂时性阻断、动脉瘤内减压、动脉瘤重塑等技术,其中10例患者术中应用神经内镜辅助夹闭动脉瘤和Transonic HT313血流量仪检测载瘤动脉血流情况。结果术后根据改良Rankin评分,恢复良好116例(89.9%),功能障碍9例(7.0%),死亡4例(3.1%)。结论通过术前完善的影像学判断及详细的手术计划,熟悉动脉瘤区域的解剖关系,进行有效的脑保护,使用多手段处理动脉瘤的技术,可明显提高颅内大型和巨大型动脉瘤手术治疗效果;术中应用神经内镜辅助夹闭动脉瘤和血流量仪检测载瘤动脉血流技术有助于减少术后并发症的发生。     

Superficial Temporal Artery to Anterior Cerebral Artery Hemi-bonnet Bypass Using Radial Artery Graft for Prevention of Complications after Surgical Treatment of Partially Thrombosed Large/Giant Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm

Background

Partially thrombosed large/giant aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery is still challenging because this complex aneurysm requires arterial revascularization in the deep operation field. Therefore, direct neck clipping is often impossible. We describe our experiences with extracranial-intracranial bypass as an insurance bypass prior to clipping of partially thrombosed anterior cerebral artery aneurysms, and discuss the microsurgical technique and strategy.

Spontaneous thrombosis in giant intracranial aneurysms.

Twelve patients in a series of 22 with giant intracranial aneurysms demonstrated neuroradiological features of partial or total spontaneous intra-aneurysmal thrombosis. The presence of this intra-aneurysmal clot significantly altered the computed tomographic appearance of the giant aneurysm. Massive intra-aneurysmal thrombosis did not protect against subarachnoid haemorrhage and the likelihood of rupture of a clot containing giant aneurysm was not significantly different from that of a non-thrombosed giant aneurysm. Although parent artery occlusion from a thrombosed giant aneurysm, and massive aneurysmal thrombosis leading to the formation of giant serpentine aneurysm were documented, these are rare epiphenomena. The risk of embolisation from a partially thrombosed giant aneurysm, which was documented in one case, would appear to be greater than that from a non-thrombosed giant aneurysm. The findings in this series, and a review of literature, suggest that the presence of intra-aneurysmal clot in giant intracranial aneurysms has little prognostic significance and does not alter the management or outcome after treatment.     

Multimodal Treatment for Complex Intracranial Aneurysms: Clinical Research

Objective

For patients with giant or dissecting aneurysm, multimodal treatment consisting extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery plus clip or coil for parent artery occlusion may be necessary. In this study, the safety and efficacy of multimodal treatment in 15 patients with complex aneurysms were evaluated retrospectively.

Methods

From January 1995 to June 2007, the authors treated 15 complex aneurysms that were unable to be clipped or coiled. Among them, nine patitents had unruptured aneurysms and 6 had ruptured aneurysms. Aneurysms were located in the internal cerebral artery (ICA) in 11 patients (4 in the dorsal wall, 4 in the terminal ICA, 1 in the paraclinoid, and 2 in the cavernous ICA), in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in 2, and in the posterior circulation in two patients

Results

Fifteen patients with complex aneurysms were treated with bypass surgery previously. Thirteen patients were treated with external carotid middle cerebral artery (ECA-MCA) anastomosis, and one patient with superficial temporal to posterior cerebral artery (STA-PCA) and another patient with occipital artery to posterior inferior cerebellar artery (OA-PICA) anastomosis. Parent artery occlusion was then performed with a clip in 9 patients, with a coil in 4, with balloon plus coil in one patient. All 15 aneurysms were successfully treated with clip or coil combined with bypass surgery. Follow-up angiograms showed good patency of anastomotic site in 10 out of 11 patients, and perfusion study showed sufficient perfusion in 6 out of 9 patients.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that for patients with complex aneurysms, clip or coil for parent vessel occlusion with additive bypass surgery can successfully exclude the aneurysm from the neurovascular circulatory system.     

Elective EC-IC bypass for unclippable intracranial aneurysms

Ligation of the carotid artery in the neck has become part of the surgical armamentarium for treating inaccessible or technically difficult intracranial aneurysms. Obliteration of an aneurysm by sacrificing the parent vessel has also been employed for the treatment of unclippable posterior circulation and middle cerebral artery aneurysms. Because parent vessel occlusion is not well tolerated by all individuals, the use of an extracranial-intracranial bypass has been advocated in order to improve the safety of this procedure. The purpose of this report is to detail our methods and results with the use of extracranial-intracranial bypass for the treatment of giant internal carotid and middle cerebral artery aneurysms in 35 patients and review the literature to determine the status of the use of the bypass for other intracranial aneurysms.     

Elective EC-IC bypass for unclippable intracranial aneurysms

Ligation of the carotid artery in the neck has become part of the surgical armamentarium for treating inaccessible or technically difficult intracranial aneurysms. Obliteration of an aneurysm by sacrificing the parent vessel has also been employed for the treatment of unclippable posterior circulation and middle cerebral artery aneurysms. Because parent vessel occlusion is not well tolerated by all individuals, the use of an extracranial-intracranial bypass has been advocated in order to improve the safety of this procedure. The purpose of this report is to detail our methods and results with the use of extracranial-intracranial bypass for the treatment of giant internal carotid and middle cerebral artery aneurysms in 35 patients and review the litereture to determine the status of the use of the bypass for other intracranial aneurysms.