美容就医者体像障碍评分与术后满意度的相关性分析

目的探讨美容就医者伴有体像障碍倾向时对美容整形术后满意度的影响。方法对81例美容就医者进行术前体像障碍量表评测和体貌缺陷程度评测,并于术后2~3个月进行随访,依据医者评价手术效果和受术者对美容手术的满意度,分析评价术前体像障碍评分对于美容就医者术后满意度的影响。结果影响美容就医者术后满意度的因素有术前体像障碍评分和医者对手术效果的评价,其中手术效果评分是正相关,标准化回归系数β=0.566,术前体像障碍评分是负相关,标准化回归系数β=-0.424。并建立回归方程:美容就医者满意度=1.130×手术效果评分-0.0583×体像障碍评分-0.741。未发现术前缺陷的严重程度对术后满意度有明显影响。结论美容就医者中,术前体像障碍评分与就医者术后满意度存在负相关。提示伴有体像障碍倾向的美容就医者术后出现对手术效果不满意的可能性较大,术前体像障碍评分有助于预测可能出现的医疗纠纷。     

音乐疗法在微螺钉种植体支抗植入中的应用

目的:探讨音乐疗法在微螺钉种植体支抗植入中的应用效果。方法:纳入2019年-2020年于西安交通大学口腔医院正畸科行微螺钉种植体支抗植入的患者102例,采用随机数表法分为对照组(n=51)及音乐疗法组(n=51),以问卷调查及访谈形式评估音乐疗法对缓解患者焦虑情绪、提升患者满意度的效果。结果:两组术前、术中、术后恐惧程度评分及术后并发症恐惧程度评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);音乐疗法组手术总体满意度、护理质量满意度、护理态度满意度及再次进行微螺钉种植体支抗植入手术评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。问卷结果及访谈主题分析法均提示音乐疗法可以有效缓解患者术前、术中及术后等不同阶段的焦虑,提升治疗及护理满意度。结论:音乐疗法是一种有效的微螺钉种植体支抗植入中的护理配合方法,值得进一步推广应用。     

国人全膝置换术后评分系统与患者实际满意度一致性分析

目的人工全膝关节置换在国内已广泛开展,评价置换效果的评分系统主要采用KSS、WOMAC和SF-36等系统。这些系统关注的焦点与中国患者关注的焦点是否一致,评分细则是否符合中国国情,一直没有得到有效的评价,本文旨在比较并评价以上系统。方法采用直线相关回归的方法,评价204例患者的KSS、WOMAC、SF-36评分和患者主观满意度之间的相关性,从而评价上述评分对中国患者的适用度。结果 KSS评分和WOMAC评分值与患者的主观满意度相关性较差,决定系数低于0.6。SF-36评分在术后1周时与患者满意度高度相关,在术后3个月时不相关。结论国人对膝关节功能的要求更多的在于屈膝下蹲等动作,对疼痛的耐受较好,类似因素影响了KSS和WOMAC评分与患者主观满意度的一致性。上述评分应针对国人关注焦点改变权重,以便更好的用于膝关节置换手术的评价。     

单侧膝关节多发韧带损伤手术治疗后患者满意度调查

目的调查单侧膝关节多发韧带损伤术后满意度情况及影响因素。方法收集本院自2010-01—2015-02单侧膝关节多发韧带损伤行手术治疗的113例患者,术后1年给113例患者邮寄一份由笔者设计的单侧膝关节多发韧带损伤的满意度量表,其中包含对手术疗效的总体满意度、对具体功能和症状缓解程度的13个单项满意度以及可能的影响因素。收集患者作答后的满意度量表并统计分析。结果 84例寄回了量表,总体满意度78.57%,13个单项满意度分别为平地行走89.26%、住院期间医护人员的服务态度84.52%、经治医生术前谈话签字内容与过程83.33%、消除关节僵硬感80.95%、疼痛缓解79.76%、恢复家务73.80%、术后改善跛行72.62%、术后住院天数70.24%、关节活动度66.67%、快走或慢跑64.29%、下楼梯59.52%、上楼梯57.14%、下蹲53.57%。其中参加运动的频率、术前伴发疾病、是否按照医师要求康复锻炼、术后并发症、术后最大活动量为满意度的影响因素。结论单侧膝关节多发韧带损伤行手术治疗患者总体满意度较高,单项满意度中平地行走最高,下蹲最低。     

全髋关节置换术后下肢不等长对患者下肢功能及生活质量影响的前瞻性研究

目的探讨全髋关节置换术(THA)后下肢不等长(LLD)对患者下肢功能和生活质量的影响。方法笔者自2008-10—2012-12收集248例原发性髋关节骨性关节炎(OA)且初次接受单侧THA的患者为研究对象,通过测量术后双髋正位X线片评估患者骨性LLD后分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4组。通过问卷调查患者的WOMAC评分和EQ-5D评分,运用方差分析,评价患者髋关节功能与LLD之间的相关性及LLD对患者术后生活质量的影响。结果 215例获得随访,4组术前WOMAC评分值、EQ-5D值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。4组中所有患者术后的WOMAC评分值、EQ-5D值均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);术后4组WOMAC评分、EQ-5D值进行组间方差分析发现,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组进行组间方差分析发现其差异无统计学意义(P0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别与第IV组进行对比发现其差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在术后12~18个月,20 mm以上的LLD会明显降低患者下肢功能和生活质量。     

双侧分别行髋臼周围截骨和全髋关节置换术后的功能比较

目的探讨双侧分别接受髋臼周围截骨术(PAO)和全髋关节置换术(THA)的发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)患者术后自评关节功能的差异及对手术倾向的影响。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第四医学中心关节外科2010年6月至2017年5月双侧髋关节一侧行PAO治疗对侧行THA治疗的患者,纳入标准为术前诊断为双侧DDH,且同一名患者双侧髋关节术前DDH分型相同,患者仅接受单纯PAO手术和THA手术。采用方差分析比较手术时间,术中出血量和围手术期并发症等手术相关数据,采用独立样本t检验比较术后早期和1年后随访视觉疼痛评分、髋关节Harris功能评分、患者自我功能评分(简化国际髋关节评分问卷量表)和手术倾向性。 结果共有12例患者(24髋)纳入研究,其中男性2例,女性10例,首次手术平均年龄为(35±4)岁,两次手术间隔(17±11)月。术后3个月THA侧Harris髋关节评分明显改善(t＝－15.222,P<0.001),PAO侧则较术前下降(t＝3.927,P＝0.001),至术后1年随访双侧髋关节Harris评分差异无统计学意义(t＝1.156,P>0.05),患者自我功能评价差异有统计学意义(t＝3.550,P＝0.002)。PAO术后患者关节疼痛持续时间较长,使用拐杖非负重活动时间较THA长。PAO侧髋关节共出现3例并发症,THA侧出现1例。早期随访THA侧满意度(58.3%)高于PAO侧(41.7%),但差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.667,P>0.05);至末次随访患者对两种术式的满意度相同。手术倾向性方面,所有患者在末次随访时倾向接受PAO手术。 结论PAO和THA在功能改善和疼痛缓解方面均可获得满意的疗效,术后1年以上随访患者更倾向接受PAO。此研究结果对年轻症状型DDH患者的治疗方案选择有一定的参考意义。     

强直性脊柱炎行全髋置换术的手术策略

目的随访全髋置换术(THA)治疗强直性脊柱炎(AS)的中期结果,探讨该病行THA的策略。方法46例(52髋)AS患者行THA治疗,术后随访1.1～6.6年,比较手术前后关节疼痛、活动度和Harris评分,分析对不同身体条件患者行不同类型THA策略。结果获得随访40例(46髋),42髋疼痛明显缓解,关节活动度由术前平均34.7°改善为术后79.7°。髋关节屈曲畸形由术前平均28.5°改善为6.8°。术前Harris评分平均47.2分,术后平均87分。结论THA治疗AS可获得满意的效果,但术前的个体化分析、选择不同的手术策略和假体对手术效果至关重要。     

全膝关节置换术后患者满意度影响因素研究进展

全膝关节置换术（TKA）是治疗终末期膝关节病的有效方法,术后疗效显著,但有部分患者对术后疗效不满意,如何提高患者术后满意度是临床需要解决的问题之一。影响患者TKA 术后满意度的因素有术前患者因素、手术因素、围手术期镇痛与康复、术后膝关节功能等。近年研究表明,TKA术后疗效达到患者期望值、术后膝关节功能恢复良好、术后并发症减少能改善患者术后满意度。该文就近年TKA术后患者满意度影响因素研究进展作一综述。     

对侧膝关节疼痛对全膝关节置换手术患者的临床影响

目的:评估对侧膝关节疼痛程度对骨性关节炎患者全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后1年手术侧关节功能障碍及治疗满意度的影响。方法:2019年3月至2021年1月行TKA的635例患者,男296例,女339例;年龄(69.33±9.38)岁,病程(1.15±0.44)年。根据术后对侧膝关节疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)分为轻度或无疼痛(VAS 0～3分)423例,中度疼痛(VAS 4～6分)105例,重度疼痛(VAS 7～10分)107例。分析比较对侧膝关节不同疼痛程度对术后12个月膝关节功能及满意度评分的影响。结果:对侧膝关节疼痛VAS在TKA术后明显降低,年龄大、身体质量指数高、术后手术侧膝关节WOMAC评分高、对侧膝关节中、重度疼痛是患者不满意的危险因素(P<0.05),OR分别为1.285、1.665、2.319、1.863。手术侧膝关节疼痛度高、居家环境为步梯房是患者出院1年后WOMAC评分高的危险因素(P<0.05);出院后坚持锻炼、功能性训练是患者出院1年后WOMAC评分高的保护因素(P...     

前交叉韧带重建术后患者满意度影响因素研究进展

前交叉韧带重建术（ACLR）是治疗前交叉韧带损伤的有效方法,医生惯用特定的客观指标来评估临床疗效,这与患者对手术预后的主观评价会有一定程度的不一致。在以患者为中心的现代医疗模式下,患者满意度成为越来越重要的疗效评价指标。本文就近年来ACLR术后患者满意度影响因素进行汇总分析,发现影响患者满意度的因素主要集中在患者因素、治疗选择、围术期管理、疗效评价等方面。希望通过了解这些影响因素可以帮助医生进行更好的临床决策,进而改善ACLR手术疗效,使患者受益。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Dilemma of Membrane Biocompatibility and Reuse

Abstract: Numerous articles have been published on the multiple use of dialyzers and on the effect of different reprocessing chemicals and techniques on the dialyzer biocompatibility and performance. The results often appear contradictory, especially those comparing standard biocompatibility parameters. Despite this confusion, a discerning review of the published works allows certain limited conclusions to be drawn. Reprocessing of used hemodialyzers changes the biocompatibility profile of a dialyzer as defined by the parameters complement activation. leukopenia, and cytokine release. The effect of reprocessing depends on the chemicals and reprocessing technique applied and also on the type of membrane polymer being subjected to the reprocessing procedure. Reports of pyrogenic reactions indicate that the flux of the membrane also influences how suitable it is for safe reuse. An increased risk of allergic and pyrogenic reactions appears to be associated with dialyzer reuse. Furthermore, there has been a lack of investigations into the immunologic effect of the layer of adsorbed and chemically altered proteins that remains on the inner surface of reprocessed dialyzers. We conclude that the clinical benefit of dialyzer reuse cannot be generally accepted from a biocompatibility point of view.