结节性硬化症的CT诊断(附4例报道)

目的探讨结节性硬化症(TSC)CT的影像学表现。方法收集4例TSC患者资料,分析颅脑、胸部、腹部及骨骼系统的CT表现。结果 4例患者均有多系统累及的影像学表现,观察到室管膜下钙化结节,肾错构瘤,肺淋巴管肌瘤病,骨内多发高密度结节。结论 TSC具有较典型的CT表现,再结合患者临床病史及颜面部特点,可做出TSC的诊断。     

儿童单灶性骨嗜酸性肉芽肿影像学特征分析

目的探讨儿童单灶性骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学特征。方法回顾性分析2008年1月~2015年12月间25例经组织病理学诊断的儿童单灶性骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学资料。结果男19例,女6例。年龄2~14岁,平均年龄6岁。长骨14例,脊柱6例,颅骨3例,锁骨1例,髂骨1例。长骨病变主要表现为骨质破坏、邻近骨皮质"扇贝样"压迹、骨膜反应和软组织肿胀或肿块。部分病变可见骨皮质钻孔样破坏、破坏区内死骨及周围硬化缘。椎体病变主要表现为椎体破坏、塌陷,呈"扁平椎"改变,部分可见椎旁软组织肿块,但椎间隙保持正常。颅骨病变主要表现为穿凿样骨质破坏,边界清晰,可见"斜坡征"。髂骨及锁骨病变缺乏特异性。病变在MRI多呈T_1WI等或稍低信号,T_2WI不均匀高信号。结论长骨的骨皮质"钻孔样"破坏、颅骨的"穿凿样"破坏及椎体的"扁平椎"是本病的特征性影像学征象。X线平片诊断价值有限,CT可清晰显示骨膜反应及骨质硬化,尤其是骨皮质细微的骨侵蚀。MR有助于显示X线及CT尚无异常表现的早期骨髓受累,并确定骨髓水肿及软组织病变范围。     

骨纤维囊性骨炎影像学表现与病理分析

目的:探讨骨纤维囊性骨炎的影像学表现及病理特点。方法:12例患者中男5例,女7例;年龄18～47岁;X线检查12例,CT检查6例,MRI检查2例,骨扫描1例。结果:12例均为多骨多病灶骨炎。以骨盆骨、颅骨多见,上下肢骨、肋骨、脊柱骨次之。X线片及CT图像上以囊样骨质破坏为主,呈单囊或多囊,病灶可有膨胀;边界有硬化边;皮质变薄,可有缺失;无软组织肿块生成;无骨膜增生;部分发生病理骨折。颅骨病灶可呈类圆形团絮状密度增高影。MRI表现为T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,内可有小类圆形液体高信号。病灶直径大小不一,以0.5～3 cm居多,形成棕色瘤。病理以纤维组织为主,周围有骨样组织,棕色瘤者有多核巨细胞和吞噬细胞。结论:本病影像学和病理表现具有相对特征性,临床、影像、病理三者结合可减少误诊;切除甲状旁腺病变后,骨骼病变大多可逐渐恢复功能。     

颅骨少见良性病变的影像诊断分析

【摘要】 目的：探讨CT及MRI对颅骨良性病变的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析13例以骨质破坏为主的颅骨良性病变的CT及MRI表现,并与其病理表现进行对照分析。结果:13例中骨纤维结构不良6例,主要CT表现为局限性小病灶（5例）多呈磨玻璃密度,弥漫性病灶（1例）可见磨玻璃密度及丝瓜络样改变;主要MRI表现为病灶在T1WI及T2WI上均以低信号为主;骨化性纤维瘤3例,主要CT表现为肿瘤呈膨胀性生长,骨皮质破坏不明显,无骨膜反应;巨细胞修复性肉芽肿2例,主要CT表现为病灶内可见多发骨性分隔,MRI上可见病灶呈多房样改变;胆固醇性肉芽肿1例,在T1WI、T2WI及压脂图像上病灶均呈高信号,有一定特征性;动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例,其特征性影像表现为病灶内可见液 液平面。结论：部分颅骨良性病变具有特征性的影像学表现,CT及MRI检查有助于这类病变的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

结节性硬化症多脏器损害的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨结节性硬化症伴发肺、肾、肝及骨质病变的多层螺旋CT表现.材料和方法:回顾性分析6例结节性硬化症伴发肺、肾、肝及椎体病变的16层螺旋CT表现.结果:6例颅脑CT均发现侧脑窒室管膜下钙化结节;肺部表现为弥漫分布多发囊肿,2例伴有多发无钙化的结节,1例有自发性气胸;双侧肾脏多发错构瘤表现为双肾弥漫分布的含脂肪密度的肿块;2例肝脏表现为肝内多发含脂肪密度的肿块;3例胸椎椎体及附件见多发高密度致密斑.结论:结节性硬化症伴多脏器损害的CT表现较具特征性,多层螺旋CT可作为有效的影像筛查方法.     

转移性骨肿瘤的影像学分析

目的：评价转移性骨肿瘤的影像学表现。资料与方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的20例转移性骨肿瘤的x线、CT和MRI表现，所有的病例均摄x线平片，其中CT检查16例，MRI检查4例。结果：脊椎8例，表现为骨松质中多发或单发的斑片状、大片状溶骨性骨质破坏，边缘模糊，无硬化，椎体压缩变形，椎间隙仍存在。少数病例表现为骨松质中多发斑点状、片状、棉絮状或结节状高密度影，边缘较清，骨皮质完整，轮廓多无改变；肋骨5例，多发或单发溶骨性或膨胀性骨质破坏，周围软组织肿块；骨盆3例，多发或单发斑片状、片状骨质破坏及片状、棉絮状或结节状高密度影；颅骨l例，表现为多发或单发斑片状骨质破坏，形态不规则。颅板内外无软组织肿块；股骨3例，表现为局限性骨皮质缺损或虫蚀样骨质破坏伴骨膜反应。MRI表现为T1WI呈低信号，T2WI呈高信号，增强可有不同程度的硬化。20例中正确诊断12例。诊断准确率60％。结论：通过影像学检查。并结合临床，大部分转移性骨肿瘤术前能够正确诊断；CT较x线平片能够更好的显示病变结构及邻近软组织改变；MRI能够精确显示病变范围。     

脊椎转移瘤的MR征象分析（附32例报告）

目的分析脊椎转移瘤的MRI表现,探讨其影像学特征性改变。方法分析32例经病理和临床证实的脊椎转移瘤的MR表现,分别观察其形态改变,椎体骨髓信号特点、类型,骨皮质破坏与椎旁软组织肿块及跳跃征。结果32例脊椎转移瘤共82个椎体受累,19个椎体病理性骨折,16个椎体后缘骨皮质弧形膨隆。MR信号改变椎体局灶型44个,弥漫型36个,斑片型2个,椎旁肿块17例,椎弓破坏13例,跳跃征15例。结论局灶性与弥漫型信号改变是脊椎转移瘤椎体常见信号异常,跳跃征、椎体后缘骨破坏与肿块是其特征性表现,多征象综合分析是正确诊断本病的关键。     

骨纤维异常增殖症的CT表现

目的探讨骨纤维异常增殖症的CT表现并与X线所见进行比较。方法8例骨纤维异常增殖症患,其中,6例在颅面骨,2例在四肢骨,临床出现畸形,疼痛及跛行等后接受了CT扫描。CT表现与X线所见作了比较。3例患又经手术病理证实。结果CT显示骨纤维异常增殖症的病灶呈玻璃样改变见于7例,呈膨胀性改变见于8例,呈囊性改变见于4例,呈虫蚀样破坏性改变见于2例,呈硬化性改变见于4例,骨皮质变薄见于6例,增厚见于2例,颧骨受侵见于l例,上颌窦变形、变小见于2例。与X线比较,CT在显示很小和重叠较多的病灶方面明显优于X线。结论CT显示颅面骨中骨纤维异常增殖症病灶的形态与结构改变远比X线影像清晰。     

股骨颈常见骨肿瘤和肿瘤样病变的CT诊断

目的分析股骨颈常见肿瘤和肿瘤样病变的CT表现,探讨相关的临床影像特点。方法回顾性分析55例经病理证实的股骨颈肿瘤和肿瘤样病变CT表现,总结常见的股骨颈肿瘤和肿瘤样病变的影像学特征。结果骨样骨瘤11例,可见到位于关节囊内类圆形低密度瘤巢,周围骨质硬化发生在关节外;骨巨细胞瘤8例,表现为股骨颈偏心性溶骨性骨破坏,边界清楚,周围硬化不明显,中央无钙化,增强后有明显强化;转移瘤4例,表现为股骨颈不规则浸润性骨质破坏,累及骨皮质,伴或不伴周围软组织肿块形成;骨髓瘤2例,表现为单发或多发类圆形溶骨性骨质破坏,边界清楚,多发破坏区呈"穿凿样"改变。单纯性骨囊肿8例,表现为沿股骨颈长轴走行的椭圆形或地图样骨质破坏区,边缘轻度硬化,增强扫描无明显强化;动脉瘤样骨囊肿2例,表现为股骨颈囊样溶骨性骨破坏,中心型,边缘硬化,CT扫描可显示多发囊腔;骨纤维异常增殖症20例,表现为股骨颈地图样、略膨胀骨质破坏区,边界清楚,边缘硬化明显,内多呈磨玻璃样密度。结论股骨颈病变的发病年龄及病种比较广泛,大部分病变都有其典型CT表现,部分病例需与其他病变相鉴别。     

骨纤维异常增殖症的影像诊断

目的:探讨骨纤维异常增殖症的影像诊断方法及其价值。方法:搜集经手术病理证实的骨纤维异常增殖症34例,所有病例均行X线检查,其中加行CT 10例,MRI 2例,加行Gd-DTPA增强扫描1例。结果:单骨型27例,其中单骨单灶26例,单骨双灶1例;多骨型7例,其中单肢型2例,1例累及单侧5根肋骨和3节胸椎。X线平片和CT上表现为囊状改变22例,磨玻璃样改变8例,丝瓜络样改变3例,虫蚀样改变1例,合并病理骨折3例。结论:大多数骨纤维异常增殖症具有典型影像学表现,其检查方法仍以X线平片为主,观察复杂部位及病灶内改变以CT为优。低髓腔硬化征对诊断该病具有一定意义。     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

磁共振DWI和动态增强鉴别颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强在颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤(IPA)鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实且影像学有鞍区破坏的颅底脊索瘤患者15例、向鼻咽部侵犯的IPA患者20例.测量二者的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析动态增强曲线的类型,统计达峰时间(TTP)、增强峰值(EP)和最大对比增强率(MCER),分析各个参数在鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 颅底脊索瘤的ADC值为(1.274±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,高于IPA ADC值(0.672±0.03) ×10-3 mm2/s(P ＜0.001),ADC阈值为0.964×10-3mm2/s时,ROC曲线下面积为0.997,敏感度为93.3％,特异度为100％.颅底脊索瘤时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)Ⅰ型14例,TICⅢ型1例,此例TICⅢ型者TTP约40 s;IPA TIC Ⅰ型7例,TICⅢ型13例.颅底脊索瘤和IPA的EP、MCER差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 ADC值和TIC的类型及其相关参数(EP,MCER)有助于颅底脊索瘤和IPA之间的鉴别.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.