计算机辅助三维步态评价脑性瘫痪儿童的肌力及骨盆控制能力

背景:脑性瘫痪儿童骨盆控制能力差,目前治疗时间较长且效果不明显。目的:观察三维步态监控下针对性肌力训练对改善骨盆控制能力的疗效。方法:60例(≥2岁)痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿分为2组,治疗组在三维步态监控下骨盆肌肉针对性肌力训练结合手法治疗;对照组手法治疗。比较治疗前后两组患儿粗大运动功能量表评分,Berg平衡评分、粗大运动功能分级。结果与结论:摄像显示治疗组治疗后步态改善明显,运动能力明显提高,好于对照组。治疗前两组Berg平衡评分、粗大运动功能量表评分及粗大运动功能分级分值差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。治疗组治疗后Berg平衡评分、粗大运动功能量表评分均显著高于治疗前(P<0.01),粗大运动功能分级分值低于治疗前(P<0.01)。治疗组治疗后Berg平衡评分、粗大运动功能量表评分均显著高于对照组治疗后(P<0.01)。结果证实,三维步态监控下骨盆肌肉针对性肌力训练,结合手法治疗能有效改善患儿骨盆控制能力,从而提高脑性瘫痪儿童的步态及运动能力。     

综合康复治疗幼儿还原体肌病病例报告

目的:探讨还原体肌病(RBM)的病例特点与康复治疗方法。方法:收集RBM患儿1例,分析其临床表现、实验室检查、影像学表现、肌肉病理及基因检测结果。对患儿采取综合康复治疗,治疗前后对患儿作康复评定,评估其转移能力、肌力、肌张力、关节活动度、GMFM评分等。结果:基因检测示FHL1基因c.C369G杂合突变,病例特点均符合RBM表现。经综合康复治疗后,患儿肌力、GMFM-88、Berg评分均较治疗前有所提高。结论:综合康复训练可维持RBM患儿肢体肌力及平衡能力,促进运动功能和转移能力恢复,延缓疾病进展。     

等速肌力训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢功能恢复的影响

目的:观察等速肌力训练对偏瘫患者下肢功能恢复的影响。方法:将我院收治的40例偏瘫患者随机分为观察组和对照组各20例,对照组采用常规康复训练,包括运动治疗(神经促进疗法、平衡功能训练、等张肌力训练、桥式运动、重心转移训练、步态训练、协调与运动控制训练等)、作业治疗、传统康复疗法、物理因子治疗。观察组在常规康复训练的基础上增加偏瘫下肢屈、伸膝肌群等速肌力训练,测试及训练模式为普通等速向心/向心模式。治疗前后分别采用等速肌力测试训练仪的峰力矩值(PT)、Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分、功能独立性评分、Berg平衡功能评分及改良Ashworth肌痉挛分级(MAS)对患者下肢肌痉挛及功能情况进行分析。结果:治疗10周后,2组患者膝关节伸屈膝肌PT、Fugl-Meyer评分、Berg评分及FIM评分均较治疗前明显提高,且观察组更高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前后2组患者肌痉挛MAS评分组间及组内比较差异均无统计学意义。结论:等速肌力训练对偏瘫患者下肢功能恢复有明显改善作用。     

运动想象足背屈联合辅助站立平衡训练对脑卒中偏瘫早期病人下肢运动功能康复的影响

[目的]探讨运动想象足背屈联合辅助站立平衡训练对脑卒中偏瘫早期病人下肢运动功能康复的作用。[方法]选择脑卒中偏瘫早期病人60例,按入院顺序编号分为常规训练组和联合训练组,常规训练组给予常规康复治疗,联合训练组在常规康复治疗基础上增加运动想象足背屈和辅助站立平衡训练,连续训练6周;治疗前后分别采用简化Fugl-Meyer评分(FMA)下肢运动功能、足背屈肌群的徒手肌力检查评级(MMT)、Tinetti步态评估量表(TGA)和Berg平衡量表对病人下肢运动和平衡功能进行评定。[结果]治疗6周后联合训练组病人FMA下肢运动功能积分、TGA评分、Berg平衡量表评分均高于治疗前和常规训练组(P0.01)。[结论]采用运动想象足背屈联合早期辅助站立平衡训练可促进患侧下肢站立平衡和步行能力。     

步态训练机器人对手足口病致急性弛缓性瘫痪患儿下肢功能影响

目的 观察步态训练机器人对手足口病（HFMD）所致急性弛缓性瘫痪（AFP）患儿下肢功能的疗效。 方法 将纳入的HFMD所致AFP患儿36例,按随机数字表法分为机器人组和对照组,每组18例,2组均采用常规康复训练治疗,机器人组在此基础上增加步态训练机器人训练,对照组给予相同时间瘫痪肢体按摩治疗。2组分别于治疗前和治疗15d后（治疗后）,采用粗大运动功能测试量表中D功能区和E功能区评定站立与步行功能,用表面肌电分析系统测试患侧股四头肌电积分值,用Berg平衡量表评定患儿的平衡功能。 结果 治疗前,2组患儿的粗大运动功能测试量表评分、股四头肌电积分值、Berg平衡量表评分组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,而治疗后,2组的上述3项观察指标均较组内治疗前有明显提高（P<0.01）;治疗后组间比较,机器人组患儿的粗大运动功能测试量表评分［（60.72±11.54）分］和Berg平衡量表评分［（48.00±8.92）分］均明显优于对照组,且差异有明显统计学意义(P<0.01)。 结论 常规康复治疗上增加步态训练机器人训练对HFMD所致AFP患儿的下肢功能有更好的治疗效果,能够更好地促进患儿病情恢复。     

运动平板训练对学龄期脑瘫患儿平衡功能与步态的影响

摘要 目的：探讨运动平板训练对痉挛型双瘫学龄期脑瘫患儿的平衡功能与步态的影响。 方法：将30例痉挛型双瘫学龄期脑瘫患儿采用电脑随机方法分为实验组和对照组。实验组和对照组各15例均接受隔天1次,每周3次的常规康复训练,实验组在常规训练基础上同时进行隔天1次,每周3次的运动平板训练,持续12周。分别于治疗前与治疗后对两组患者采用Berg平衡量表评定和步态分析。 结果：干预12周后,实验组Berg评分和步态时空参数（跨步长、步宽、步速）与对照组存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。 结论：运动平板训练对提高痉挛型双瘫学龄期脑瘫患儿的平衡功能与改善步态的效果显著。     

康复机器人对手足口病恢复期并下肢瘫痪患儿的康复疗效

目的:研究康复机器人对手足口病恢复期并下肢瘫痪患儿的康复疗效。方法:选取我院2013年3月至2016年3月60例手足口病恢复期并下肢瘫痪患儿为研究对象,按照就诊号先后随机分为对照组与观察组,每组30例。对照组给予常规康复训练,观察组在常规康复训练基础上,采用下肢康复机器人辅助步行训练。比较6周后两组下肢肌力、平衡能力、关节活动度、步态参数、下肢运动能力。结果:干预6周后,观察组髋关节屈曲肌力评级、膝关节伸展肌力评级、Berg平衡量表评分(Berg balance score,BBS)、髋关节活动度、膝关节活动度、步长、步速、Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能评分(Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA)分别为3.08±0.62,3.18±0.60,50.36±7.92,23.17°±3.45°,26.39°±4.31°,(51.27±14.83)cm,(64.72±14.38)m/min,(23.14±5.39)分,均显著高于对照组的2.80±0.58,2.85±0.63,45.89±8.12,20.65°±4.63°,22.96°±4.74°,(44.65±12.91)cm,(58.01±12.46)m/min,(20.27±3.62)分(均P<0.05)。结论:采用康复机器人辅助步行训练,可以增强手足口病并下肢瘫痪患儿下肢肌力,改善平衡能力与关节活动度,建立正确步行模式,促进下肢运动能力恢复。     

残疾儿童综合功能评定量表在脑性瘫痪患儿家庭康复护理中的应用

目的探讨残疾儿童综合功能评定量表在脑瘫患儿家庭康复护理中的应用。方法 2014年5月至2015年5月,120例脑瘫患儿按就诊顺序分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组采用常规康复,观察组在此基础上根据残疾儿童综合功能评定量表评估结果制定个体化康复护理方案并指导家长实施。治疗前及治疗3个月后,采用残疾儿童综合功能评定量表进行评定。结果治疗后,两组患儿认知功能、言语功能、运动能力、自理动作及社会适应能力评分均有提高(t2.498,P0.05),观察组优于对照组(t2.062,P0.05)。结论残疾儿童综合功能评定量表的应用有助于提高家庭康复护理计划的目的性,有利于脑瘫患儿的全面康复。     

下肢康复机器人结合康复训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢肌力及平衡功能的影响

目的探究下肢康复机器人结合康复训练在脑卒中偏瘫患者中的应用价值。方法选取2017年9月至2019年1月某院收治的脑卒中偏瘫患者86例,按随机数表法分为两组,各43例。对照组实施常规康复训练,观察组在对照组基础上行下肢康复机器人训练。对比两组治疗前后下肢肌力、平衡功能及下肢运动功能。结果两组治疗前腘绳肌、股四头肌评分、Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA)、Berg平衡量表(Berg balance scale,BBS)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后腘绳肌、股四头肌评分与FMA、BBS评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论脑卒中偏瘫患者实施下肢康复机器人结合康复训练能够有效提升其下肢肌力,利于恢复平衡功能与下肢运动功能。     

吸气肌训练联合膈肌抗阻训练对脑卒中患者运动和平衡功能的影响

目的 观察吸气肌训练联合膈肌抗阻训练对脑卒中患者呼吸、运动和平衡功能的影响。 方法 选取符合入选和排除标准的脑卒中患者88例,采用随机数字表法分为呼吸肌训练组和对照组,每组患者44例。2组患者均给予常规康复训练,呼吸训练组在此基础上增加吸气肌训练和膈肌抗阻训练,吸气肌训练和膈肌抗阻训练均每日1次,每周训练5 d,连续训练4周。分别于治疗前和治疗4周后（治疗后）采用吸气肌肌力指数、Fugl-Meyer评定量表(FMA)和Berg平衡量表分别评估2组患者的呼吸肌肌力、运动功能和平衡功能,并采用相关性分析探讨呼吸肌肌力、运动功能和平衡功能的相关性。 结果 治疗后,呼吸训练组患者的吸气肌肌力指数、Fugl-Meyer评分和Berg平衡评分分别为61.80%、75.00分和38.00分,均显著优于组内治疗前和对照组治疗后(P<0.05)。Sperman相关性分析显示,吸气肌肌力指数与FMA评分（r=0.649, P<0.001）,Berg平衡评分与FMA评分（r=0.607, P<0.001）,吸气肌肌力指数与Berg平衡评分（r=0.475,P<0.005）,3者间均呈显著相关性。 结论 吸气肌训练联合膈肌抗阻训练可显著改善脑卒中患者的吸气肌肌力水平,同时还可促进其运动功能和平衡功能的恢复。     

Gait in stabilized hemiplegic outpatients in rehabilitation

Purpose : Hemiplegic patients generally expect an improvement of their gait even at 1 year after stroke. This open and prospective study was addressed to detect even subtle changes in gait characteristics in stabilized patients in rehabilitation treatment by using an opto-electronic system of analysis (ELITE).

Methods : Forty-two hemiplegic patients were entered on this study, and mean age was 63.2 years (SD 9.9). The gait measures were obtained four times for each patient; at time of baseline, at the 15th, 30th and 90th day from the beginning of rehabilitation treatment. Plantar flexion moment and ankle joint power were always recorded. Forty healthy volunteers served as controls. Four stride characteristics were examined: duration, length, frequency and speed. ANOVA for repeated measures was used.

Results : In spite of rehabilitation treatment no results in gait were observed after 3 months. A study on patients' expectancy was also done. At the beginning they were given a simple questionnaire along with DSM-IV CISD-1. None of the patients presented with major depression. At admission 38 (90%) patients expected an improvement of the gait. At the end of the rehabilitation treatment, 36 (85%) patients were still confident about therapy and believed in further improvements of their locomotion, whilst six (15%) were dubious.

Conclusions : The study shows discrepancies between objective results and subjective feelings. Psychological factors account for the patients' request of long training periods and alleged favourable outcome.     

痉挛型脑瘫患儿个体化康复治疗前后步态特征分析

目的:采用三维步态分析定量评价痉挛型脑瘫患儿下肢步态特征,为其下肢功能的康复疗效提供量化评定依据。方法:选取我院10例脑瘫患儿为观察组,再将12例健康儿童为对照组,应用三维运动捕捉系统采集2组的步态时空参数及运动学参数,根据评定结果为观察组制定个体化康复训练,在训练1个月前后分别对观察组采用粗大运动功能评定(GMFM)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、改良Ashworth肌张力评定量表(MAS)及三维步态分析系统进行评定。结果:治疗1个月后,观察组GMFM和BBS评分较治疗前均明显提高(均P<0.01),MAS评分较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01)。观察组步态周期和跨步时间较治疗前均明显降低(均P<0.05),步频、跨步长、步长及髋、膝关节的关节活动度和屈曲最大角度以及踝关节的关节活动度较治疗前均明显增加(P<0.05,0.01);观察组治疗前后较对照组比较,步频、步速、跨步长及步长均明显降低(均P<0.01),除了膝关节屈曲最大角度差异无统计学意义,其余髋、膝及踝关节各运动学参数均明显增加(均P<0.01)。结论:三维步态分析可以量化评定脑瘫患儿的下肢运动功能,能为患儿康复治疗方案的精确制订及疗效评估提供客观科学依据。     

步态中枢模式发生器对脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力的影响

目的:探讨步态中枢模式发生器对脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力的影响。方法:将80例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为治疗组(观察组)40例和对照组40例,两组患者均采用常规康复方法进行治疗,观察组还另外采用激活步态中枢模式发生器(CPG)的运动训练方法。两组患者总疗程均为1个月。分别在康复治疗前后采用Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能量表(FMA)、改良Ashworth量表(MAS)、Holden步行功能分级量表(FAC)进行评定,同时选用足印分析法测量并记录步行时的时间距离参数的变化,分析步态的改善情况。结果:患者经过激活步态CPG的运动训练方法训练后,其FMA、FAC评分与治疗前相比差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),步行时间距离各参数也均有不同程度的改善(P<0.05)。结论:激活步态CPG的运动训练方法能提高脑卒中偏瘫患者的下肢运动功能和实际步行能力,改善步行的步态。     

功能性电刺激对偏瘫患者下肢功能及步态的影响

目的:观察功能性电刺激对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能及步态的影响。方法:60例脑卒中偏瘫患者分成观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组采用常规康复训练方法,观察组在此基础上增加佩戴步态诱发功能电刺激仪的步态训练,每次20min,每周5次,持续8周。于治疗前后采用下肢Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分(FMA)、功能性步行能力分级(FAC)及足印分析法对2组患者进行评定。结果:治疗8周后,2组患者下肢FMA评分、FAC分级及患侧的平均步长、步宽及步速均较治疗前显著提高(P<0.05),且观察组更高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:使用功能性电刺激进行步态训练后可进一步改善脑卒中偏瘫患者的下肢运动功能,提高步行能力。     

深层肌肉刺激疗法对痉挛型双瘫患儿步态的影响

目的:研究深层肌肉刺激疗法对痉挛型双瘫患儿步态的影响。方法:将32例痉挛型双瘫患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各16例。2组均进行常规康复训练,观察组在此基础上给予深层肌肉刺激治疗,分别于治疗前和治疗12周后使用三维步态分析仪进行步态分析。结果:治疗12周后,2组步幅、步速均较治疗前有明显增加(均P<0.05),且治疗后观察组患儿步幅、步速均较对照组高(均P<0.05),其余各项参数2组间比较均差异无统计学意义。2组髋关节最大伸展角度和踝关节最大跖屈角度均较治疗前明显增大(均P<0.05),观察组膝关节最大屈曲角度、踝关节最大跖屈角度均较对照组明显增大(均P<0.05),且观察组膝关节最大伸展角度较治疗前及对照组均明显增大(均P<0.05),其余各项参数在统计学上无显著性差异。结论:在常规康复疗法的基础上,应用深层肌肉刺激疗法能改善痉挛型双瘫患儿步态,是痉挛型双瘫患儿康复的一种有效方法和手段。     

步态触发功能性电刺激对偏瘫足下垂患者步行能力的影响

目的:比较步态诱发式功能性电刺激(FES)与神经肌肉电刺激(NMES)对脑卒中后足下垂患者下肢运动功能以及步行速度的影响。方法:将30例脑卒中偏瘫足下垂患者随机分为两组,试验组和对照组,均接受神经内科常规药物及康复功能训练,试验组采用步态诱发式FES,刺激患侧腓总神经和胫前肌,2次/天,每次20min,每周7天,共4周。对照组采用NMES。分别在治疗前、治疗后评定偏瘫侧主动踝背伸的角度、FMA下肢运动功能以及步行速度。结果:治疗4周后,两组患者偏瘫侧主动踝背伸的角度、FMA值以及10m最大步行速度较治疗前都有显著改善(P0.05)。主动踝背伸角度试验组增加了58.3%,对照组增加了29.6%;FMA值试验组增加了38%,对照组增加了19%;10米最大步行速度试验组增加了34%,对照组增加了11%;治疗后与治疗前的差值,两组比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:常规康复训练结合NMES能够改善偏瘫侧下肢运动功能及步行速度,常规康复训练结合FES后效果更明显,因此步态诱发式FES可以作为一种常规的训练方法在临床上广泛使用。     

理筋手法结合功能训练治疗膝骨关节炎的步态特征研究

目的:对膝骨关节炎患者下肢步行能力进行步态分析评定,探讨理筋手法及功能训练的康复效果.方法:应用三维红外步态分析设备,分析了81例(男36例,女45例)膝骨关节炎患者在理筋手法和功能训练干预前后平衡能力和步行效率的变化情况.结果:理筋手法+功能训练组患者的步长、步速、双支撑相等指标疗后明显改善,与单纯理筋手法组的差异有...     

Evaluation of physical therapy in parkinsonian patients with freezing of gait: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE: Freezing of gait is a frequently disabling symptom in Parkinson's disease, poorly responding to dopaminergic treatment. We investigated the short-term effectiveness of a rehabilitation protocol in parkinsonian patients with freezing of gait. DESIGN: Prospective, uncontrolled pilot study with open label design. SETTING: Outpatient service for rehabilitation of neurological disorders. SUBJECTS: Twelve patients (8 male, 4 female; aged 59-78 years; Hoehn-Yahr stage: 2-3; mean disease duration: 14.2 +/- SD 4.1 years). INTERVENTIONS: Patients attended three (45 min) sessions every week, over a six-week period, of physical therapy focused to improve balance, postural control and walking, and to learn new strategies for overcoming freezing of gait. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients were evaluated before (T0), at the end (T1), and one month after (T2) rehabilitation by means of clinical rating scales (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale--Motor Section; Freezing of Gait Questionnaire; Parkinson Disease Quality of Life Score) and gait parameters (number of strides, stride length and velocity) during a standardized walking test. RESULTS: The scores of Freezing of Gait Questionnaire and of Parkinson Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (but not of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale--Motor Section) were significantly improved after treatment (T1). Gait parameters were significantly improved at T1 and T2. CONCLUSIONS: We showed the potential short-term efficacy of a rehabilitative approach to freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. The positive outcome was documented by clinical rating scales and objective gait evaluation. The rapid reversibility of the clinical benefit suggests that further studies are needed to better define the optimal frequency and duration of treatment.     

Gait after stroke: initial deficit and changes in temporal patterns for each gait phase

OBJECTIVE: To examine which phases of the gait cycle contributed to decreased gait velocity after stroke. DESIGN: Experimental. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation centers. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two patients with unilateral first stroke who were able to walk 10 meters; and 42 age- and gender-matched controls with no history of stroke. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Deficit and change expressed as duration (s) and proportion (%) for the 4 phases of the gait cycle at the time of admission to rehabilitation (test 1), a median of 31 days poststroke onset, and again 8 weeks later (test 2). Affected and unaffected single-limb support (SLS) and initial double-limb support (DLS) were compared. RESULTS: At tests 1 and 2, the durations of the 2 DLS and unaffected SLS phases were significantly (p <.001) longer in the stroke patients than in control subjects. No difference was found between the 2 groups for duration of affected SLS at either test time. Significant (p <.001) decreases occurred over the 8-week period in the 3 phases identified to be abnormally long at test 1. CONCLUSION: If the goal of rehabilitation is to increase gait velocity and normalize the gait pattern, treatment should focus on decreasing the DLS and unaffected SLS phases of the gait cycle.     

Evaluating the effectiveness of stroke rehabilitation: choosing a discriminative measure.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the discriminative ability of several measures of physical disability used to determine quality of outcome for poststroke rehabilitation. DESIGN: A comparative study, using Rasch analysis, of the discriminative ability of functional status and mobility measures in rehabilitation patients with stroke. SETTING: A 26-bed rehabilitation unit, on site of a tertiary teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: A consecutive sample of 106 patients with acute stroke admitted for rehabilitation. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rasch analysis of the motor subscale of the FIM instrument, Motor Assessment Scale, Functional Ambulation Classification, gait velocity, and gait endurance. RESULTS: The more difficult items of the FIM motor scale adequately discriminated among higher functioning patients. The gait velocity measure further distinguished 9% of the sample, who functioned at a higher level than could be indicated by FIM motor subscale. The other measures did not add levels of discrimination to that provided by the FIM motor. Ability estimates provided by Rasch analysis of the FIM motor scale were a more accurate indication of ability than raw scores. Raw scores underestimated change in ability observed at higher levels of ability. CONCLUSION: Rasch estimates of the FIM motor subscale provide a discriminative measure for evaluating outcomes and change in ability achieved in stroke rehabilitation.