锁定加压钢板内固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后无菌性骨不连

目的探讨锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后无菌性骨不连的疗效。方法应用LCP内固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗45例肱骨干骨折术后无菌性骨不连。结果本组获随访7～38个月,骨不连均获治愈。肩关节功能优良率91.1%,肘关节功能优良率100%。结论 LCP内固定结合自体髂骨植骨可以显著提高骨愈合率,是治疗肱骨干骨折术后无菌性骨不连的有效方法之一。     

附加锁定接骨板结合自体髂骨植骨治疗股骨干骨折交锁髓内钉固定术后骨不连

目的探讨附加锁定接骨板结合自体髂骨植骨治疗股骨干骨折交锁髓内钉固定术后骨不连的临床疗效。方法对10例股骨干骨折交锁髓内钉固定术后骨不连采用附加锁定接骨板结合自体髂骨植骨治疗。结果10例术后均获得平均12（8-18）个月随访。骨折均获愈合,愈合时间平均5．2（4～6）个月,膝关节屈伸功能恢复良好。结论附加锁定接骨板结合自体髂骨植骨治疗股骨干骨折交锁髓内钉固定术后骨不连创伤小、操作简单、骨折愈合快、功能恢复好,是一种理想的治疗方法,临床上值得推广。     

锁定钢板结合自体骨植骨治疗肱骨骨不连

目的 探讨肱骨骨不连的手术方法及疗效.方法对肱骨骨折内固定术后骨不连13例采用锁定钢板固定结合自体骨髓内外360°植骨.结果获随访8～25个月,平均11个月,骨折愈合时间3～5个月,平均3.5个月,术后3个月肩关节功能Neer评分78～93分,平均87分,肘关节功能Hss评分82～95分,平均91分,桡神经断裂1例术后...     

锁定加压接骨板内固定治疗肱骨干骨折术后骨折不愈合

肱骨干骨折术后骨折不愈合较常见,多需再次手术治疗.现常用的方法包括加压钢板、交锁髓内钉和外固定架固定.笔者自2005年2月～2005年12月应用锁定加压接骨板内固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨折钢板内固定术后骨折不愈合8例,疗效满意.     

钢板内固定治疗严重肱骨近端骨折的远期疗效

目的 探讨内同定治疗肱骨近端粉碎性骨折的临床效果.方法 应用钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端粉碎性骨折17例.其中锁定接骨板(LCP)13例,肱骨近端解剖型钢板4例.自体髂骨植骨11例,人工骨植骨6例.结果 术后随访3～25个月,平均骨性愈合时间5个月.肩关节功能评分(按Neer标准)优良率达87.5%,元肱骨头坏死及骨不连接发生.结论 采用内固定的方法治疗肱骨近端粉碎性骨折效果良好.但治疗中应注意:保护肱骨头血运及解剖复位结合植骨后的可靠固定和正确的患肢主被动康复训练.     

钢板联合植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后再次或多次手术仍不愈合

[目的]评价锁定加压钢板联合髓内髓外自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后再次或多次手术仍不愈合的疗效。[方法]2007年10月~2013年11月,采用锁定加压钢板联合髓内髓外自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后再次或多次手术仍不愈合患者13例。其中男8例,女5例;年龄27~60岁,平均40.6岁。左侧6例,右侧7例。肱骨干骨折后已经历2次内固定手术8例,3次手术4例,4次手术1例。术后随访行临床检查和影像学评估,末次随访时,根据Neer肩关节评定标准和Mayo肘关节评定标准评价肩、肘关节功能。[结果]术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,1例出现桡神经损伤症状。13例均获随访,随访时间12~48个月,平均23.2个月。13例患者骨不连均愈合,无畸形愈合,愈合时间3~10个月,平均5.3个月。末次随访时,肩、肘关节功能优良率分别为92.3%(12/13)和84.6%(11/13)。[结论]对于肱骨干骨折术后再次或多次手术仍不愈合患者,采取锁定加压钢板联合髓内髓外植骨,可取得较好疗效。     

自体髂骨与同种异体骨支撑植骨联合锁定钢板内固定治疗Neer四部分肱骨近端骨折的比较

目的比较自体髂骨与同种异体骨支撑植骨联合锁定钢板内固定治疗Neer四部分肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-01—2018-01采用重建肱骨近端内侧柱联合锁定钢板内固定诊治的17例Neer四部分肱骨近端骨折,其中10例采用自体髂骨植骨(自体骨组),7例采用同种异体骨植骨(异体骨组)。结果 17例均获得随访,随访时间为(22.1±8.6)个月。自体骨组手术时间较异体骨组长,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05); 2组住院时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、骨折愈合时间,末次随访时疼痛VAS评分、Constant肩关节评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),与异体骨组比较,自体骨组肱骨头内翻角度较小、肱骨远端沉降高度较低,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论自体髂骨与同种异体骨支撑植骨联合锁定钢板内固定治疗Neer四部分肱骨近端骨折均能取得较好疗效,自体髂骨支撑植骨联合锁定钢板内固定在术后能获得更好的手术疗效。     

锁定加压接骨板内固定治疗肱骨干骨折术后骨折不愈合

肱骨干骨折术后骨折不愈合较常见，多需再次手术治疗。现常用的方法包括加压钢板、交锁髓内钉和外固定架固定。笔者自2005年2月～2005年12月应用锁定加压接骨板内固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨折钢板内固定术后骨折不愈合8例，疗效满意。     

髓内钉固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨不连

目的 探讨髓内钉固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨不连的疗效。方法 1999年6月至2008年5月共收治27例肱骨干骨不连患者,男14例,女13例;年龄24～65岁,平均35.5岁;左侧11例,右侧16例;骨不连部位：中上段6例,中段16例,中下段5例。骨不连类型：肥大型22例,萎缩型5例。所有患者均1～4次手术史,平均2.3次。16例采用肱骨交锁髓内钉固定,其中1例闭合穿髓内钉,5例采用更换原髓内钉后外加钢缆张力带固定;11例采用肱骨膨胀髓内钉。除1例闭合复立固定的患者外,其余26例患者均行自体髂骨植骨。结果 26例患者术后获1年3个月至8年6个月（平均4年2个月）随访,骨不连均获骨性愈合,愈合时间为4～8个月（平均5.4个月）。肩关节功能按Neer评分标准评定：优12例,良8例,可6例,优良率为76.9％。肘关节功能按Mayo评分标准评定：优23例,良3例,优良率为100％。1例桡神经损伤患者术后6个月恢复伸腕、伸拇及伸指功能。结论 肱骨髓内钉固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨不连具有骨愈合率高、对肩肘关节影响小等优点。     

肱骨干骨折术后不愈合的原因分析及治疗

目的探讨肱骨干骨折术后不愈合的原因及治疗方法。方法回顾分析21例肱骨干骨折术后不愈合患者,采用锁定加压钢板内固定加自体髂骨植骨治疗。结果随访6～18个月,平均11个月,骨折经二次手术后均达骨性愈合。结论肱骨骨折术后不愈合的常见原因为创伤重、术中操作及内植物选择不当、功能锻炼不规范。锁定加压钢板加自体松质骨植骨是治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不愈合的有效方法。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.