淫羊藿属植物化学成分研究概况

综述了1996～2000年报道的淫羊藿属植物化学成分的研究进展，分别对黄酮类、酚苷类、苯乙醇苷类、色酮类成分的研究情况进行了介绍。     

藏药独一味化学成分及测定方法研究进展

独一味Lamiophlomisrotata(Benth.)Kudo为唇形科独一味属植物,又名独步通[1]。其根或根茎及全草入药,生长于海拔3000m以上的裸岩等,分布于我国青海、西藏、四川、甘肃等地区,有丰富的药用资源。现已从独一味中分离和鉴定的化学成分有黄酮类、环烯醚萜类和苯乙醇苷类等成分。独一味具有多方面的药理作用。尤其具有显著的止血镇痛作用。研究发现,独一味中总黄酮具有明显的镇痛作用,是其镇痛有效部位[2]。环烯醚萜苷类成分是独一味中的主要止血活性成分,作用与云南白药相近[3];挥发油类成分是其抗肿瘤活性成分[4]。1化学成分1.1地上部分1.1.1…     

槐属苷的紫外分光光度法检测

1　材料和方法1.1　材料　仪器设备WF2 80 0 D3A型紫外分光光度计 ,北京第二光学仪器厂生产 ;R2 0 0D型电子分析天平 ,德国沙多利斯公司生产 .95 0mL·L-1乙醇 ,分析纯 ,西安化学试剂厂生产 ;染料木素 ,美国Sigma公司产品 ;槐属苷对照品 (98%以上 ) ,自制 (国内外尚无标准品出售 ) .1.2　方法　槐角甙、染料木素属黄酮类化合物 ,其紫外扫描图谱显示 ,都以带Ⅱ为主峰 (2 4 5～ 2 70nm) ,而配糖基对带Ⅱ的影响不大 ,所以我们以染料木素为标准品 ,以槐属苷为标准对照品 ,分别用乙醇配制成浓度为 11.2 8mg·L-1的溶液 ,进行紫外扫描 ,同样…     

苦豆子种子中生物碱的分离及lehmannine的结构确定

目的：研究苦豆子种子中生物碱的分离及槐果碱转移氢化制备苦参碱的研究。方法：利用离子交换,萃取和柱层,并结合转移氢化增大不同生物碱理化性质差异进行分离。结果：从苦豆子种子中分得5种生物碱,其结构经元素分析,IR,MS,1HNMR和13CNMR光谱鉴定为氧化苦参碱,氧化槐定碱,苦参碱,槐定碱和lehannine,结论：首次从苦豆子种子中分和lehmannine。     

槐角中脂溶性化学成分的研究

目的对槐角脂溶性部位进行化学成分研究。方法采用不同极性溶剂萃取并色谱分离成分,运用光谱分析进行结构鉴定。结果从槐角的丙酮可溶部位中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为槐二醇(Ⅰ)、麦芽酚(Ⅱ)、α-乙酰基吡咯(Ⅲ)、二十六酸(Ⅳ)、二十六醇(Ⅴ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅵ)、甘油-α-单二十六酸酯(Ⅶ)、二十八醇(Ⅷ)、染料木素(Ⅸ)、山柰酚(Ⅹ)。结论首次从槐属植物中分离得到Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ和Ⅷ,首次从该植物果实中分离得到Ⅰ。     

槐角中脂溶性化学成分的研究

目的 对槐角脂溶性部位进行化学成分研究.方法 采用不同极性溶剂萃取并色谱分离成分,运用光谱分析进行结构鉴定.结果 从槐角的丙酮可溶部位中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为槐二醇(Ⅰ)、麦芽酚(Ⅱ)、α-乙酰基吡咯(Ⅲ)、二十六酸(Ⅳ)、二十六醇(Ⅴ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅵ)、甘油-α-单二十六酸酯(Ⅶ)、二十八醇(Ⅷ)、染料木素(Ⅸ)、山奈酚(Ⅹ).结论 首次从槐属植物中分离得到Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ和Ⅷ,首次从该植物果实中分离得到Ⅰ.     

丁香属植物的化学成分和药理作用研究进展

木樨科（（ｏｌｅａｃｅａｅ）丁香属（ｓｙｒｉｎｇａ）植物资源丰富,全世界约１９种,中国盛产１５种并且分布广泛。民间对丁香属的药用价值早有认识,其中 ６种该属植物的化学成分和药理活性的研究有文献报道,为了进一步开发丁香属植物资源,本文就其化学成分和药理作用的研究现状作一简单综述。１ 化学成分１.１苯丙素酚类 丁香属植物中含有多种以甙形势存在的苯丙素酚类化合物,这些化合物分别属于香豆素类、木脂素类、苯丙醇类和苯丙酸类,木脂素类成分主要属于简单木脂素类、含７－０－９’四氢呋喃环的单环氧木脂素类和双环氧木脂…     

野牡丹属植物的化学成分、药理活性及临床应用研究概况

根据近30年的文献报道,野牡丹属植物含有多种化学成分,主要有黄酮类、鞣酸类、甾体类和萜类等,其中黄酮和可水解鞣酸类成分为本属植物的特征性成分。本属中的多种植物作为传统中药广泛被用来治疗痢疾、腹泻、溃疡、支气管炎与及妇科炎症等疾病。文章综述了野牡丹属植物化学成分、药理活性及临床应用的研究概况,并按其化学成分的结构类型进行分类,为进一步研究、开发应用此属植物资源提供资料参考。     

不同部位、不同产地苦参中三叶豆紫檀苷的HPLC测定

苦参为豆科槐属多年生落叶亚灌木植物苦参SophoraflavescensAit.的干燥根,性味苦寒,归心、肝、脾、肾、大肠、小肠诸经。具有清热燥湿、杀虫利尿的功效[1]。又用作苦味健胃剂、利尿剂、消炎药、止泻药和驱虫药[2]。苦参中的化学成分主要分为生物碱类和黄酮类。早期的研究主要集中在苦参生物碱类成分上,近年来对黄酮类成分的研究较多,并取得了很大进展。三叶豆紫檀苷为苦参中一个主要的黄酮类成分,经研究已确认其具有很强的抗真菌作用[3],能部分代表苦参的功效。本实验采用HPLC法对苦参的根、茎、叶、叶柄以及11个产地苦参根中三叶豆紫檀…     

紫金牛属植物化学成分和药理作用的研究进展

紫金牛科(Myrsinaceae)紫金牛属(Ardisia)植物全世界约300种,分布于热带美洲、太平洋诸岛、印度半岛东部、亚洲东部至南部,我国68种,12变种,分布于长江流域以南各地。本属植物多供药用,对跌打、风湿、痨咳及各类炎症有良效。有的果可食,种子可榨油。自20世纪70年代起,人们对紫金牛属植物的化学成分和药理作用进行了大量的研究,发现了一些具有生理活性的新成分,从而引起更多学者的兴趣。这些工作不仅对以化学分类学角度研究该属植物有很大启示,也对开发利用和寻找新的活性成分提供了资料。本文对该属植物的化学成分和主要药理作用进行了综述,文献从1977年收至2007年。1主要化学成分1.1皂苷类皂苷类成分是紫金牛属植物中含量最多的一类化合物,从该属植物中共分离得到28个皂苷类化合物。苷元的基本骨架均为齐墩果烷型三萜,多数化合物16位和28位有-OH或-CO取代,多数28位-OH和13位-H成醚键。糖链都连在3位-OH上,一般由3个～4个糖组成,糖链中共包含了四种单糖,分别为Glu、xyl、Ara、Rha(见表1),苷元的基本骨架见图1。图1皂苷类化合物的基本母核Ardisimamilloside F12Rha...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.