对比18F-NOTA-FAPI-04与18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断腹膜转移癌

目的 对比¹⁸F-成纤维细胞激活蛋白抑制剂(FAPI)-04与¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT诊断腹膜转移癌(PC)的价值。方法 前瞻性纳入42例疑诊PC患者行全身¹⁸F-1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷-N,N'',N″-三乙酸(NOTA)-FAPI-04和¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检查,以病理学结果为金标准,比较2种显像的PC指数(PCI)、病灶最大标准摄取值(SUV_max)及靶-背景比(TBR)差异;绘制受试者工作特征曲线,评估2种显像诊断PC效能。结果 42例中,病理确诊31例PC。¹⁸F-NOTA-FAPI-04诊断PC的敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为93.55%、72.73%和88.10%,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT分别为74.19%、54.55%和69.05%,前者的敏感度及准确率均高于后者(P均＜0.05);以前者所获PCI、所测PC的SUV_max、TBR均高于后者(P均＜0.001)。分别以2.31及2.52 为FAPI-SUV_max、FDG-SUV_max的截断值,¹⁸F-NOTA-FAPI-04及¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT诊断PC的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.839及0.630,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002);分别以1.60及0.73为FAPI-TBR、FDG-TBR的截断值,¹⁸F-NOTA-FAPI-04及¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT诊断PC的AUC分别为0.856及0.604,差异亦有统计学意义(P=0.005)。结论 ¹⁸F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT诊断PC较¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT更具优势。     

基于18F-FDG PET及主观认知下降问卷-9诊断主观认知下降

目的 观察基于¹⁸F-FDG PET及主观认知下降问卷-9(SCD-Q9)诊断主观认知下降(SCD)的价值。方法 回顾性分析50例SCD患者(SCD组)及49名健康人(对照组)头颅¹⁸F-FDG PET及主观认知下降问卷-9(SCD-Q9)评估结果;对PET图像行全脑体素定量分析,以脑桥为参考计算标准摄取值比值(SUVR),观察SCD组葡萄糖代谢模式,分析SCD组SUVR减低脑区,评估SUVR减低联合SCD-Q9诊断SCD的价值。结果 相比对照组,SCD组左内侧额上回及右侧额上回SUVR显著减低、左侧距状回SUVR显著升高(GRF校正,体素水平P均＜0.01,团簇水平P均＜0.05)。以左内侧额上回+右侧额上回SUVR联合诊断SCD的敏感度、特异度及曲线下面积(AUC)分别为54.00%、77.60%及0.660,进一步联合SCD-Q9分别为86.00%、75.50%及0.840,其间AUC差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 ¹⁸F-FDG PET脑代谢显像可显示SCD脑代谢异常模式;联合SCD-Q9有助于诊断SCD。     

18F-FDG PET/CT检测Tg阳性而131I-诊断剂量全身显像阴性分化型甲状腺癌患者复发和转移

目的 探讨¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像对甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)阳性而¹³¹I-诊断剂量全身显像(¹³¹I-Dx-WBS)阴性的分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者复发或转移的诊断价值及对治疗方案的影响。方法 对33例接受甲状腺全切或次全切术并进行大剂量¹³¹I治疗后随访中发现Tg阳性而¹³¹I-Dx-WBS阴性的DTC患者行¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像,将显像结果与手术病理或6~36个月的临床随访结果进行对照,评价¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像对Tg升高而¹³¹I-Dx-WBS阴性的DTC患者复发或转移的诊断效能。结果 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT诊断Tg升高而¹³¹I-Dx-WBS阴性的DTC患者复发或转移的灵敏度和阳性预测值分别为85.71%(18/21)和90.00%(18/20)。¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像对血清Tg≥47.59 ng/ml的DTC患者诊断复发或转移的灵敏度(100%)明显高于对血清Tg<47.59 ng/ml的DTC患者(66.67%)。¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像改变了15例(15/33,45.45%)患者的治疗方案,其中4例(4/15,26.67%)再次接受手术治疗,11例(11/15,73.33%)再次接受大剂量¹³¹I治疗。结论 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像对诊断Tg升高而¹³¹I-Dx-WBS阴性的DTC患者有无复发或转移是一种有价值的方法,同时可用于指导后续治疗。     

68Ga-FAPI PET与18F-FDG PET诊断胃肠道恶性肿瘤及转移：Meta分析

目的 采用meta分析评估⁶⁸Ga-成纤维细胞活化蛋白抑制剂(FAPI)PET与¹⁸F-FDG PET显像诊断胃肠道恶性肿瘤及其转移灶的价值。方法 检索并筛选PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane Library自建库至2023年4月11日收录的关于对比⁶⁸Ga-FAPI PET与¹⁸F-FDG PET显像诊断胃肠道恶性肿瘤及转移价值的文献并提取相关数据,以Stata 16.0及Review Manager 5.3.5软件进行数据分析。结果 共纳入9篇文献、370例胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者,其中62例伴淋巴转移、29例伴肝转移、17例伴骨转移、50例伴腹膜转移。⁶⁸Ga-FAPI PET显像在患者及病灶层面诊断胃肠道恶性肿瘤原发灶、淋巴结转移及腹膜转移的敏感度均高于¹⁸F-FDG PET(P均＜0.05),而二者在患者层面诊断骨转移及肝转移敏感度差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)。结论 ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI PET显像诊断胃肠道恶性肿瘤及转移的价值优于¹⁸F-FDG PET。     

治疗前18F-FDG PET/CT最大标准摄取值评估鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的预后

目的 探讨¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT最大标准摄取值(SUV_max)评估治疗前鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者预后的价值。方法 31例确诊的鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者均于治疗前接受¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检查,患者预后单因素分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,采用Cox模型进行多因素分析。结果 31例鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者治疗前¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像中位SUV_max为12.7(4.4~25.7)。单因素分析结果显示,B症状、KPI、治疗模式、SUV_max与鼻腔NK/T 细胞淋巴瘤患者的预后相关(P均<0.05);多因素分析显示仅有SUV_max是影响患者预后的独立危险因素(P=0.018)。结论 鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者治疗前¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT的SUV_max能够预测患者的预后。     

髓外浆细胞瘤CT、MRI及18F-FDG PET/CT表现

目的 探讨髓外浆细胞瘤（EMP）CT、MRI及¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT表现。方法 回顾性分析14例经病理证实的EMP的CT、MRI及¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT资料,观察病灶特征。结果 4例接受CT检查,病灶均以等密度为主,1例邻近骨质破坏,但无明显骨质硬化改变。7例接受MR检查,病灶信号均匀,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI以等或稍高信号为主,其中2例病灶内或周边可见流空血管影。增强扫描病灶呈均匀或不均匀中-重度强化,部分病灶边缘可见细小血管影,5例增强MRI病灶内可见强化更为显著的间隔。9例接受¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT扫描,7例表现为等密度软组织肿块或结节影,2例仅表现为局部软组织增厚伴结节状,均伴团块状中-重度放射性摄取增高,SUV最大值8.43±3.33。结论 CT、MRI及¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT在诊断EMP、鉴别诊断、指导临床治疗方案和预后评估等方面存在一定价值。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在原发灶不明的淋巴结转移癌中的应用价值

目的 探讨¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT全身显像对诊断原发灶不明的淋巴结转移癌(LCUP)的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析以活检证实淋巴结转移为首发症状的34例LCUP患者资料,常规检查均未找到原发灶。对全部患者行¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT全身显像,与临床随访及组织病理学结果进行比较。结果 3例淋巴瘤患者被排除,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检出可疑原发灶25例,正确检测出原发灶13例,检出率为41.94%(13/31);其中8例经病理证实,5例为临床诊断,阳性预测值为52.00%(13/25)。未找到原发灶的6例患者中,3例经随访尚未明确诊断。结论 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT全身显像在寻找LCUP的原发灶中具有重要临床价值。     

早期相11C-PIB PET显像探讨阿尔茨海默病患者脑功能网络改变

目的 探讨阿尔茨海默病（AD）和轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）患者¹¹C-匹兹堡化合物（¹¹C-pPIB）脑灌注网络改变。方法 对14例AD（AD组）、12例MCI（MCI组）和14名认知功能正常志愿者（对照组）行¹⁸F-FDG及¹¹C-PIB双示踪剂PET显像,采用平行独立成分分析法（pICA）计算¹¹C-pPIB和¹⁸F-FDG数据中高度相关的脑网络,以双样本t检验比较AD组与对照组间和MCI组与对照组间¹⁸F-FDG低代谢与¹¹C-pPIB低灌注的差异,获得组间有差异的脑区。结果 ¹¹C-pPIB获得的脑灌注网络与¹⁸F-FDG代谢网络高度相关（r=0.92）,并与默认网络（DMN）存在空间重叠。与对照组比较,AD组¹⁸F-FDG低代谢区与¹¹C-pPIB低灌注区存在空间重叠,包括颞上回、边缘叶/海马旁回、顶上小叶、后扣带回和前扣带回;MCI组¹⁸F-FDG的低代谢脑区位于右侧直回/眶额回、左侧后扣带回、右侧颞下回和右侧顶下小叶/颞上回,¹¹C-pPIB低灌注脑区为右侧顶下小叶。结论 AD患者¹¹C-pPIB低灌注脑区与¹⁸F-FDG低代谢高度相关,并与DMN存在空间重叠。¹¹C-pPIB显像可为诊断AD提供与¹⁸F-FDG显像互补的信息。     

T2WI和DWI联合血清前列腺特异抗原系列诊断前列腺癌

目的 探讨T2WI+DWI联合血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)系列对前列腺癌(PCa)的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的50例PCa(阳性组)、50例前列腺增生(BPH)和10例BPH合并慢性前列腺炎(CP)患者(阴性组)的MRI、DWI资料和总PSA(tPSA)、游离PSA(fPSA)与tPSA的比值(f/tPSA)、前列腺特异抗原密度(PSAD)检测结果,比较T2WI+DWI及T2WI+DWI分别联合tPSA、f/tPSA、PSAD诊断PCa的敏感度、特异度和准确率,通过ROC曲线下面积(AUC)值比较每种方法的诊断效能。结果 阳性组和阴性组间tPSA、f/tPSA、PSAD差异均有统计学意义(t=10.10、-4.52、14.41,P均<0.01);T2WI+DWI诊断PCa的敏感度、特异度、准确率和AUC分别为92.00%、71.67%、80.91%和0.818,95%可信区间为0.752~0.885;以tPSA>10 ng/ml、f/tPSA≤0.15、PSAD≥0.22 ng/(ml·cm³)为诊断PCa的界值,T2WI+DWI分别联合tPSA、f/tPSA、PSAD诊断PCa的特异度、准确率和AUC均明显提高。T2WI+DWI联合PSAD诊断PCa的效能最好,其敏感度、特异度、准确率和AUC分别为88.00%、90.00%、89.09%和0.890,95%可信区间为0.829~0.951。结论 T2WI+DWI联合tPSA、f/tPSA、PSAD能够明显提高对PCa的诊断效能。     

比较18F-FDG PET/CT、11C-MET PET/CT和MRI诊断神经胶质瘤能力的效能

目的 比较¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT、¹¹C-MET PET/CT及MRI诊断神经胶质瘤能力的差异。方法 对60例临床疑似神经胶质瘤患者行¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT、¹¹C-MET PET/CT和MR检查,经手术或活检获得病理诊断。以病理学结果为金标准计算¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT、¹¹C-MET PET/CT及MRI诊断神经胶质瘤的敏感度、特异度和准确率,比较三者间差异。结果 本组60例中,36例经病理证实为胶质瘤。¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT、¹¹C-MET PET/CT和MRI的诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确率分别50.00%（18/36）、75.00%（18/24）、60.00%（36/60）,97.22%（35/36）、91.67%（22/24）、95.00%（57/60）和63.89%（23/36）、79.17%（19/24）、70.00%（42/60）。¹¹C-MET PET/CT诊断灵敏度和准确率均高于¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT和MRI（P均<0.05）;¹¹C-MET PET/CT诊断低级别胶质瘤（I级和Ⅱ级）的灵敏度[94.12%（16/17）] 明显高于¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT[5.88%（1/17）;P<0.5] 。结论 ¹¹C-MET PET/CT显像诊断神经胶质瘤的能力高于MRI及¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.