骶骨骨纤维结构不良一例报告

患者男,18岁,因"劳累后腰痛4年,加重伴左下肢放射痛1个月"入院.4年前,患者劳累后出现腰痛,休息l周后症状缓解,此后上述症状反复发作,休息后均自行缓解.1个月前患者再次出现劳累后腰痛并伴左臀及左下肢后方放射痛,不伴左下肢感觉异常.行腰骶部按摩后症状缓解不明显,腰椎CT示左骶部肿物,为进一步诊治于我院就诊.患者既往无外伤史.     

腰椎间盘突出症术后低颅压致短暂性失明1例

患者,男,52岁,因“腰背部疼痛3年,加重伴左下肢疼痛、麻木3 d”为主诉于2020年7月9号收住入院。患者诉3年无明显诱因出现腰背部疼痛,自备膏药贴服(具体药物用法用量不详),休息后症状可缓解,未做系统诊疗。入院前3 d因干农活后病情加重,出现左下肢疼痛、麻木伴活动受限。患者无特殊既往病史,入院完善相关检查,轮椅推入病房,腰椎活动度疼痛受限。     

易误诊为腰椎间盘突出的椎管内脉管瘤1例并文献复习

患者,男,72岁,因“腰痛1余年,加重伴左下肢放射痛4个多月”于2019年6月27日收住入院。患者1年前在挑担后出现腰部疼痛,疼痛无昼夜差异,夜间无潮热盗汗,无双下肢放射痛或麻木及间歇性跛行,无咳嗽咳痰、胸闷气急及腹痛腹胀,外院多次就诊对症治疗后腰痛症状缓解,4个多月前感腰痛症状加重,伴左下肢放射痛,久坐或长时间行走后左下肢放射痛加重,偶有双下肢麻木感,无双足跛行,遂来我院骨科门诊就诊,门诊拟“腰椎间盘突出症”收住入院。     

腰椎间盘囊肿椎间盘镜下切除一例报告

患者 男,33岁,公司职员.因"右侧腰腿痛1个月,加重2周"入院.患者于1个月前无明显诱因出现右侧腰背部疼痛,并向右下肢放射,端坐或行走时明显,卧床时减轻,日夜无差别,经休息后无缓解.     

T9椎体旁化学感受器瘤1例

患者,男,45岁,甘肃籍。因胸背部疼痛5个月,双下肢功能障碍3d入院。患者在入院5个月前轻微劳动时感胸腰背部疼痛,无固定痛点,经口服止痛药、针灸、按摩等对症治疗后效果不佳,胸背部疼痛以夜间为重。4个月前出现右膝及右小腿麻木、乏力,不能奔跑,只能缓慢行走。以后症状逐渐加重,皮肤麻木平面上移,左下肢也出现麻木、乏力症状。     

腰椎间盘囊肿3例报告

腰椎间盘囊肿是一种少见的腰椎硬膜外占位性病变,文献报道较少,其症状类似于相同层面的腰椎间盘突出症[1、2],可表现为腰背痛及下肢放射痛.我科经手术治疗及术后病理结果证实3例腰椎间盘囊肿患者,将其诊断、临床表现以及治疗效果报告如下. 例1,患者男,27岁,运动员.6个月前患者出现腰背部钝痛,未行特殊治疗.3个月前因咳嗽突然出现左下肢放射痛,由腰背部沿左侧臀部外侧、大腿后部至小腿外侧,并逐渐加重.活动后症状加重,休息后缓解,自行服用止痛药物(非甾体类抗炎药)治疗,效果欠佳,疼痛难耐,行走困难,遂来我院门诊就诊,并于2013年7月31日入院治疗.     

胶原酶溶解术治疗胸椎间盘突出1例

患者男性,38岁,农民。主因腰背疼痛及左下肢无力麻木半年加重半个月来诊,门诊以“腰椎间盘突出”于2003-06-12入院。患者于半年前抬搬重物后出现腰背部疼痛,经卧床休息后好转,随后出现左下肢无力麻木。当时行腰椎CT检查为“腰4-5间盘突出”症,曾在当地及多家医院按“腰椎间盘突出症”行“牵引、针灸、理疗”等治疗,未见明显好转,半个月前无明显诱因症状加重。入院查体:自由体位,胸11-12椎旁左侧压痛,双下肢直腿抬高试验阴性。患侧膝腱、跟腱反射亢进,左下肢肌力4级,相当于腰1以下平面左侧肢体温痛觉减弱,余未见异常。胸腰段MRI示:胸11-12…     

腰椎峡部裂性滑脱伴骨化性蛛网膜炎1例报告

患者男性，59岁。因“腰痛10年，加重伴右下肢放射痛、麻木20d”于2006年8月4日入院。患者10年前无明显外伤或其他诱闲出现腰背部疼痛，站立负重、活动时加重，休息后稍缓解。20d前腰痛加重，井向右下肢放射，有麻木感，下肢无力、行走困难。1周前曾在外院就诊，行MRI检查示L3／4～L5／S1水平椎管内异常信号、L4椎体I度滑脱、L3／4～L5S1椎间盘膨出。     

格林巴利综合征误诊为腰椎管狭窄症一例

笔者于2009年11月收治1例格林巴利综合征误诊为腰椎管狭窄症.现报告如下.1病例报告患者女,62岁.因腰部及双下肢反复疼痛、麻木、活动受限2个月入院.2个月前因无明显诱因突然感觉腰痛,左下肢痛,呈阵发性刺痛、放射痛,活动时加重,休息后稍减轻.不伴发热、头疼、意识障碍及大小便潴留、失禁等症状.在当地县医院就诊,症状未缓解.半个月前出现右下肢疼痛,药物治疗无效,患者腿疼进行性加重转至本院.体检:生命体征正常,发育、营养中等.     

胰腺原发性鳞癌一例

患者女性,71岁,因左上腹疼痛不适3个月,加重1个月于2009年11月26日入院.3个月前患者无明显诱因出现左上腹间断性刺痛,向腰背部及左下腹放射,疼痛持续时间最长约2 h,可自行缓解,自行口服"健脾丸"后左上腹疼痛不适无明显好转.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Dilemma of Membrane Biocompatibility and Reuse

Abstract: Numerous articles have been published on the multiple use of dialyzers and on the effect of different reprocessing chemicals and techniques on the dialyzer biocompatibility and performance. The results often appear contradictory, especially those comparing standard biocompatibility parameters. Despite this confusion, a discerning review of the published works allows certain limited conclusions to be drawn. Reprocessing of used hemodialyzers changes the biocompatibility profile of a dialyzer as defined by the parameters complement activation. leukopenia, and cytokine release. The effect of reprocessing depends on the chemicals and reprocessing technique applied and also on the type of membrane polymer being subjected to the reprocessing procedure. Reports of pyrogenic reactions indicate that the flux of the membrane also influences how suitable it is for safe reuse. An increased risk of allergic and pyrogenic reactions appears to be associated with dialyzer reuse. Furthermore, there has been a lack of investigations into the immunologic effect of the layer of adsorbed and chemically altered proteins that remains on the inner surface of reprocessed dialyzers. We conclude that the clinical benefit of dialyzer reuse cannot be generally accepted from a biocompatibility point of view.