植入型心律转复除颤器治疗Brugada综合征一例

Brugada综合征是一种与心脏性猝死相关的离子通道疾病,特发性多形室性心动过速（室速）、心室颤动（室颤）致猝死是Brugada综合征最严重的临床后果.目前,植入型心律转复除颤器（ICD）是惟一已证实对Brugada综合征治疗有效的方法。本院成功抢救以多次晕厥为首发表现的Brugada综合征伴室颤1例,并ICD治疗。随访14个月,患者自觉有2次发作并经程控证实为室颤发作,均ICD体内除颤成功。     

植入型心律转复除颤器治疗恶性室性心律失常的疗效评价

目的评价单中心40例植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD)治疗恶性室性心律失常的疗效及安全性。方法40例恶性室性心律失常包括室性心动过速(室速)或心室颤动(室颤)患者接受ICD治疗,男性35例,女性5例,平均年龄(49±15)岁,成功随访35例,应用体外程控仪获得ICD储存资料并结合临床随访资料进行分析。结果40例患者均成功植入ICD;35例患者平均随访25个月,其中26例患者共记录室速和室颤事件763阵,ICD成功除颤224阵(成功率99．1％),抗心动过速起搏1次成功终止室速375阵(成功率71．8％),低能量同步转复22阵(成功率100％);2例患者因窦性心动过速和心房颤动伴快速心室反应发生误放电4次。术后大多数患者联合应用抗心律失常药物。至随访期末,死亡4例,3例死于顽固性心力衰竭,1例死于肺栓塞。结论ICD联合应用抗心律失常药物能有效治疗恶性室性心律失常,预防心脏性猝死。     

植入型心律转复除颤器在遗传性心律失常患者中的应用及术后随访

目的 了解因遗传性心律失常植入心律转复除颤器(ICD)的患者术后情况及ICD的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析阜外医院从2004年6月到2011年6月诊断为长QT综合征、Brugada综合征、致心律失常性右心室心肌病(ARVC)以及肥厚型心肌病并且植入了ICD的全部患者,通过定期随访及调阅患者的ICD内存储的数据了解患者术后的一般情况、ICD植入术后室性心律失常的发作情况以及ICD的工作情况.结果 共入选患者43例,其中男25例,女18例,年龄8～78(41.5±15.8)岁,随访8 ～84 (37.0±20.6)个月.21例(48.8％)患者在随访期内发生室性心动过速/心室颤动(室速/室颤)事件,其中有5例(11.6％)患者发生的室速/室颤事件属于不恰当识别.1例患者在植入ICD后发生未识别事件.ICD共记录到室速/室颤事件382次,植入ICD后首次发生室速/室颤事件的时间为术后1～36(6.4±8.9)个月,84.6％的室速/室颤事件发生于1年内.ICD共启动治疗程序498次,包括抗心动过速起搏381次,同步电复律83次,高能量除颤34次.结论 遗传性心律失常患者恶性室性心律失常复发率高且复发早.二级预防植入ICD可有效预防患者猝死的发生.     

植入型心律转复除颤器导线故障分析

目的总结分析我院植入型心律转复除颤器（ICD）起搏除颤导线故障病例特点。方法对2005年10月至2009年12月62例在我院新植入ICD导线患者进行随访分析,所有导线植入均以锁骨下静脉作为入路。随访中出现以下1项或多项异常考虑导线故障：（1）起搏阻抗永久性或间歇性〉2000n或〈250Q;（2）除颤高压阻抗〉200n;（3）心内电图证实除颤导线感知非生理性高频噪声导致误放电。结果中位数随访时间28（10～46）个月,4例患者（6．5％）诊断ICD导线故障,导线寿命18～38个月;临床均以ICD误放电至医院就诊,同时程控发现ICD导线起搏阻抗异常。其中1例患者放电前闻及ICD导线阻抗报警,4例患者均重新植入新的起搏感知导线。结论ICD导线故障是一个值得重视的临床问题。ICD导线阻抗报警功能可能有助于早期发现导线故障。如程控发现仅仅除颤导线起搏阻抗异常,植入新的起搏感知导线可以作为首选的故障处理方法。     

家族性电紊乱性心脏病未植入心律转复除颤器患者的长期随访研究

目的 研究家族性电紊乱性心脏病高危患者,未植入心律转复除颤器(ICD)的长期预后.方法 13例患者中11例长QT综合征(LQTS)、2例Brugada综合征,均有心脏性晕厥.男性4例,女性9例,平均年龄(44±19)岁.6例(46%)因心跳骤停住院治疗.4例LQTS植入起搏器,平均随访(7±4)年.结果 11例(85%)患者仍然发作晕厥,1例心脏骤停首次入院,5例(39%)心脏骤停再入院,2例LQTS死亡,其中1例(0.8%)猝死.结论 LQTS和Brugada综合征患者一旦出现晕厥,以后会反复发作,如果没有条件接受ICD治疗,其他的药物治疗、医生的密切监控随访、指导患者避免触发因素和针对家属的心肺复苏训练同样非常重要.     

Brugada综合征合并间歇性右束支传导阻滞经奎尼丁治疗成功一例

该文报道1例反复发作晕厥患者,心电图表现为Brugada综合征合并间歇性完全性右束支传导阻滞,植入式心律转复除颤器(ICD)植入后仍反复发作恶性室性心律失常电风暴,后予奎尼丁(100 mg,每日3次)口服治疗10个月无发作;停用奎尼丁后再次反复发作多形性室性心动过速电风暴触发ICD放电,再次服用相同剂量奎尼丁后随访1年余无心律失常发作。Brugada合并右束支阻滞可能与室性心动过速发生风险高有关,低剂量奎尼丁预防室性心律失常有效。     

经静脉心律转复除颤器的临床应用

目的　评价经静脉心律转复除颤器 (ICD)对恶性室性心律失常的治疗作用。方法　 6例药物难治性反复发作的室性心动过速 (VT)及 /或心室颤动 (VF)患者接受经静脉ICD治疗 ,并随访 12±7 0月 (1～ 2 1月 )。其中冠心病 2例 ,扩张型心肌病 1例 ,原发性室颤 3例。结果　 6例成功地置入经静脉ICD ,脉冲发生器埋于左上胸皮下 5例 ,胸大肌与胸小肌之间 1例。 3例经ICD储存资料证实共发生VT45 1次 ,均被ICD有效终止。 3例患者共有 6次VT经电击复律成功。 2例分别因窦性心动过速和心房颤动而误放电 ,其中 1例因口服胺碘酮致VT频率减慢至VT探查窗口以下而未被ICD察觉 ,经程控调整有关设置后得以纠正。结论　经静脉ICD是一种植入方法简单、能有效终止恶性室性心律失常和减少心律失常性死亡的重要手段。定期随访和针对患者改变的心律失常状况的再程控 ,是防止误放电和保证ICD有效工作的重要措施     

植入型心律转复除颤器在长QT综合征患者中的应用

目的 总结阜外心血管病医院应用植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD)治疗长QT综合征(LQTS)患者的经验.方法 8例LQTS患者接受了ICD治疗,平均年龄(38.9±16.7)岁.在随访期间,根据具体情况,调整ICD的各项程控参数.结果 平均随访(27.3±25.9)个月,有3例患者出现了101次室性心动过速/心室颤动(VT/VF)事件.在出厂程控参数下,共记录到44次VF事件.重新设置VT/VF的识别及治疗参数后,共记录到57次VT事件,2次VF事件,大部分自行终止或经低能量转复成功.1例患者术后出现了电风暴,通过快速心室起搏,终止了尖端扭转性室性心动过速(Tdp)的反复发作.2例患者发生了因T波误感知导致的ICD误放电,通过延长感知灵敏度自动调整延迟,从而避免了T波误感知.结论 针对LQTS患者的发病特点,调整ICD的程控参数,可以提高疗效并减少ICD误放电.     

双腔植入型心律转复除颤器临床应用

目的以往应用的单腔心律转复除颤器(ICD)常会发生误识别，产生误放电。此外，单腔心室起搏可使心功能降低。双腔ICD可克服单腔ICD上述弊端。本文报道12例双腔ICD的临床应用。方法12例患者，男性10例，女性2例，平均年龄52岁，均有院外晕厥史，术前证实室性心动过速7例，心室颤动5例。12例患者中4例伴有阵发性心房颤动(房颤)，3例伴有阵发性房性心动过速(房速)，5例伴有心动过缓及心功能不良。12例患者均植入了双腔ICD(美敦力公司，Gem DR)。心室导线常规植入右心室心尖部，心房导线为主动固定的螺旋电极导线，此导线顶端带有弹簧除颤电极，将心房导线固定于右心耳靠外侧处，以避免发生交叉感知。结果12例患者均顺利植入双腔ICD，除颤阈值均小于20J。平均心室起搏阈值0．9V，R波高9．8mV。心房起搏阈值1.4V，P波高2．6mV。在平均随访6．8个月中，ICD共发放抗心动过速起搏(ATP)45次，低能量转复11次，除颤4次，无误放电发生。5例伴心动过缓者，心功能无进一步恶化。结论双腔ICD由于增加了心房电极导线，可提高对房性心律失常的识别能力，从而减少误放电。对伴有房性心律失常及心动过缓者应推荐使用双腔ICD。     

埋藏式心律转复除颤器应用17例临床分析

目的:总结植入埋藏式心律转复除颤器(ICD)17例的经验.方法:选择2000-11至2006-10我院17例植入ICD病例,对术中、术后及随访等进行总结分析.结果:17例顺利植入ICD,平均心室起搏阈值0.8 V,R波高度7.6 mV,心房起搏阔值0.9 V,P波高度2.7 mV,除颤阈值均小于20 J.4例患者共发作室性心动过速27次,4例发生心室颤动12次(其中合并室性心动过速17次)均经超速抑制(burst)及除颤终止,调整药物后明显减少.误放电2次均为快速心房颤动诱发,调整ICD设置后未再发生.结论:ICD能及时有效控制室性心动过速、心室颤动从而预防心脏性猝死,联合药物综合治疗后效果更明显.     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.