上腔静脉隔离对迷走神经功能及心房颤动易感性的影响

目的 通过分析迷走神经调节的心房电生理指标(心房有效不应期及心房颤动易感窗口)的变化,间接揭示上腔静脉(SVC)隔离对犬的心房迷走神经功能及心房颤动(房颤)易感性的影响.方法 9条成年杂种犬,全身麻醉下行颈交感-迷走神经干剥离术.经右颈内静脉穿刺放置冠状静脉窦导管,经股静脉穿刺放置右心室导管(行临时右心室起搏)、环状标测导管(Lasso导管)及消融导管.静脉应用美托洛尔阻断交感神经活性.分别于SVC隔离前后在基础状态及迷走神经刺激时测量右心耳(RAA)、冠状静脉窦近端(CSp)和冠状静脉窦远端(CSd)的不应期(ERP)、心房易感窗口(VW)及窦性周长(SCL).结果 (1)窦性周长的变化SVC隔离前迷走神经刺激明显缩短SCL[(65.78±28.49)次/min vs(142.67±15.42)次/min,P《0.001],SVC隔离后基础状态及迷走神经刺激下SCL差异无统计学意义[(134.89±19.19)次/min vs(114.33±31.41)次/min,P》0.05].(2)有效不应期的变化SVC隔离前,迷走神经刺激下测得的心房ERP较基础状态下明显缩短[右心耳(RAA)分别为(51.11±18.33)ms vs(101.11±27.59)ms;CSd分别为(56.67±22.36)ms VS(98.89±14.53)ms;CSp分别为(48.89±25.22)ms vs(101.11±12.69)ms,P《0.001].SVC隔离后,迷走神经刺激所致的心房ERP缩短的能力明显下降(RAA分别为(94.40±16.70)ms vs(94.44±16.67)ms;CSd分别为(89±15)ms vs(96.7±18.0)ms;CSp分别为(93.3±18.7)ms vs(98.9±20.3)ms,P》0.05].(3)心房易感窗口的变化 SVC隔离前后基础状态下测得的VW无变化.SVC隔离后迷走神经刺激时测得的VW较隔离前明显降低[RAA分别为(6.67±11.18)ms vs(21.11±20.88)ms,CSd分别为(8.89±14.52)ms vs(16.66±23.97)ms,CSp分别为(2.22±6.67)ms vs(22.22±18.55)ms,P《0.05].结论 SVC隔离能导致迷走神经介导的窦房结抑制、心房不应期缩短能力及房颤易感窗口增加能力明显下降.提示SVC隔离可导致心房局部去神经反应,抑制迷走神经介导的房颤发生.     

家族性电紊乱性心脏病未植入心律转复除颤器患者的长期随访研究

目的 研究家族性电紊乱性心脏病高危患者,未植入心律转复除颤器(ICD)的长期预后.方法 13例患者中11例长QT综合征(LQTS)、2例Brugada综合征,均有心脏性晕厥.男性4例,女性9例,平均年龄(44±19)岁.6例(46%)因心跳骤停住院治疗.4例LQTS植入起搏器,平均随访(7±4)年.结果 11例(85%)患者仍然发作晕厥,1例心脏骤停首次入院,5例(39%)心脏骤停再入院,2例LQTS死亡,其中1例(0.8%)猝死.结论 LQTS和Brugada综合征患者一旦出现晕厥,以后会反复发作,如果没有条件接受ICD治疗,其他的药物治疗、医生的密切监控随访、指导患者避免触发因素和针对家属的心肺复苏训练同样非常重要.     

先天性QT延长综合征合并阵发性三度房室传导阻滞一例

先天性QT延长综合征（LQTS）患者是心原性猝死的高危人群。LQTS合并房室传导阻滞（AVB）非常少见，而且死亡率高，半年死亡率在50％以上。本文报道1例LQTS合并阵发性三度AVB，在置入起搏器前后反复出现心原性晕厥。     

房室结慢径区域消融对迷走神经功能及心房颤动易感性的影响

Objective Atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) ablation may effect the vagal response,which is indicated by sinus tachycardia. On the other hand,atrial fibrillation (AF) ,which was found to be associated with vagal irmervation, often coexists with AVNRT. However,little is known about the im-pact of slow pathway ablation on local vagal innervation to atria. Methods In 11 dogs, bilateral cervical sympa-thovagal trunks were decentralized and metoprolol was given to block sympathetic effects. Linear lesion was per-formed from coronary sinus (CS) ostium to the middle area of Koch triangle. Atrial effective refractory period(ERP) ,vulnerability window (VW) of AF, and sinus rhythm cycle length (SCL) were measured at high fight atrium (HRA),low right atrium (LRA), distal (CSd) and proximal CS (CSp) at baseline with and without vagal stimulation before and after ablation. The histological study was also performed. Results (1) SCL during vagal stimulation remained unchanged before and after ablation(107±19)bpm vs (108±8) bpm (P > 0.05). (2) After ablation, ERP during vagal stimulation remained unchanged at HRA (55±34) ms vs (69 ±37) ms (P >0.05),and decreased slightly at CSd (42±32) ms vs (55±30) ms (P =0.08). However,at LRA and CSp,ERP was significantly decreased after ablation (19±21) ms vs (66±24) ms (P <0.001) ; and (7± 18) ms vs (46±24) ms (P < 0.001), respectively. (3) AF was difficult to be induced at baseline before and after ablation in all sites (VW close to 0). While during vagal stimulation, after ablation VW of AF significantly decreased at LRA (1±3) ms vs (49±36) ms (P < 0.005) and CSp (10±12) ms vs (45±34) ms (P < 0.05) ,decreased slightly at CSd after ablation (35±37) ms vs (57±28) ms (P =0.07) ,and remained un-changed at HRA (63±31) ms vs (63±25) ms (P > 0.05). (4) The altered architecture of individual gan-glia was histologically observed. Conclusions The decreased ERP shortening to vagal stimulation in CS and LRA induced by slow pathway ablation indicates that ablation in such area may result in the vagal dennervation in LRA and CS,thereby attenuating the susceptibility to vagal mediated AF. While unchanged SCL,ERP short-ening and VW to vagal stimulation in sinus node area and HRA indicate that slow pathway ablation did not change the vagal innervation to these sites.     

第三届心房颤动导管消融研讨暨肺静脉电隔离治疗演示会会议纪要

由中华医学会心电生理和起搏分会主办 ,大连医科大学附属第一医院、首都医科大学附属安贞医院承办的第 3届心房颤动导管消融研讨暨肺静脉电隔离治疗演示会 ,于 2 0 0 2年 7月 12～ 14日在美丽的海滨城市大连召开。来自内地 2 0余个省、市、自治区和香港特别行政区的约 10 0余名心脏电生理学专家和代表参加了会议。心房颤动 (房颤 ) ,尤其是阵发性房颤的诊治是当今心律失常领域研究的热点之一。目前 ,其发病机制、电生理特点、消融方案以及治疗对策等方面的研究仍无令人满意的结果。同时 ,近年来国内外相关研究进展较快 ,呈现出百花齐放、百…     

房室结慢径区域消融对迷走神经功能及心房颤动易感性的影响

Objective Atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) ablation may effect the vagal response,which is indicated by sinus tachycardia. On the other hand,atrial fibrillation (AF) ,which was found to be associated with vagal irmervation, often coexists with AVNRT. However,little is known about the im-pact of slow pathway ablation on local vagal innervation to atria. Methods In 11 dogs, bilateral cervical sympa-thovagal trunks were decentralized and metoprolol was given to block sympathetic effects. Linear lesion was per-formed from coronary sinus (CS) ostium to the middle area of Koch triangle. Atrial effective refractory period(ERP) ,vulnerability window (VW) of AF, and sinus rhythm cycle length (SCL) were measured at high fight atrium (HRA),low right atrium (LRA), distal (CSd) and proximal CS (CSp) at baseline with and without vagal stimulation before and after ablation. The histological study was also performed. Results (1) SCL during vagal stimulation remained unchanged before and after ablation(107±19)bpm vs (108±8) bpm (P > 0.05). (2) After ablation, ERP during vagal stimulation remained unchanged at HRA (55±34) ms vs (69 ±37) ms (P >0.05),and decreased slightly at CSd (42±32) ms vs (55±30) ms (P =0.08). However,at LRA and CSp,ERP was significantly decreased after ablation (19±21) ms vs (66±24) ms (P <0.001) ; and (7± 18) ms vs (46±24) ms (P < 0.001), respectively. (3) AF was difficult to be induced at baseline before and after ablation in all sites (VW close to 0). While during vagal stimulation, after ablation VW of AF significantly decreased at LRA (1±3) ms vs (49±36) ms (P < 0.005) and CSp (10±12) ms vs (45±34) ms (P < 0.05) ,decreased slightly at CSd after ablation (35±37) ms vs (57±28) ms (P =0.07) ,and remained un-changed at HRA (63±31) ms vs (63±25) ms (P > 0.05). (4) The altered architecture of individual gan-glia was histologically observed. Conclusions The decreased ERP shortening to vagal stimulation in CS and LRA induced by slow pathway ablation indicates that ablation in such area may result in the vagal dennervation in LRA and CS,thereby attenuating the susceptibility to vagal mediated AF. While unchanged SCL,ERP short-ening and VW to vagal stimulation in sinus node area and HRA indicate that slow pathway ablation did not change the vagal innervation to these sites.     

复杂先天性心脏病患者植入永存左上腔内导线起搏治疗成功一例

右旋心是一种少见的先天性心脏病(先心病),而右旋心合并单心房、永存左上腔静脉,经外科手术治疗存活患者则更为少见.本文报道了1例复杂先心病同时存在窦房结、房室结功能障碍而成功于上腔静脉内植入起搏电极导线的病例.     

心电图V1导联P波终末电势与HATCH评分的相关性分析

目的 通过分析心电图V1导联P波终末电势（PTFV1）与阵发性心房颤动（房颤）进展风险评估指标（HATCH评分）的相关性,为阵发性房颤患者进展风险提供新的预测指标.方法 回顾并测量大连医科大学附属第一医院2011年至2012年180例非瓣膜性阵发性房颤患者的HATCH评分及PTFV1,使用Spearman等级相关分析PTFV1与HATCH评分的相关性.结果 ①180例非瓣膜性阵发性房颤患者PTFV1与HATCH评分呈显著正相关（r=0.550,P＜0.01）;②HATCH评分1分组PTFV1略大于HATCH评分0分组,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;HATCH评分≥2分组PTFV1明显大于HATCH评分1分组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;③平均随访1年,由阵发性房颤进展的持续性房颤患者（进展组）HATCH评分及PTFV1明显大于仍为阵发性房颤患者（阵发组）,差异有统计学意义（分别为P＜0.05,P＜0.01）;④PTFV1为0.07mm·s是ROC曲线上的最佳临界点,其预测房颤进展风险的敏感性为70％、特异性为81.8％,曲线下面积为0.876.结论 PTFV1作为一种无创检查指标对预测阵发性房颤向持续性房颤进展有重要的临床指导意义.     

心房扑动的再认识

心房扑动首次报道于1886年,是心电图问世以来人们最早认识的心律失常之一.1992年,Feld等发现消融下腔静脉-三尖瓣环之间的峡部能终止心房扑动并长期预防心房扑动的复发.其后,大量的动物实验和临床研究亦表明心房扑动的电生理机制是心房内的大折返.     

心脏再同步治疗:现状与展望

目前,慢性心力衰竭(心衰)患者心血管疾病的再住院率和病死率之高仍是亟待解决的重要课题,据统计,美国约有500万心衰患者,并且呈逐年增加趋势,每年新增病例约55万,每年因心衰致死的患者约29万[1].